St. Adelheidis pen

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The east-facing facade of the old part of the monastery; St. Peter's Church in the background , 2014
Facade detail, 2010

The St. Adelheidis monastery in the Vilich district of Bonn is a former monastery and is now used as a senior citizens' residence. The one in Adelheidisstr. 10 facility bears the name of the canonized Adelheid von Vilich , who worked here at the end of the 10th century.

history

The nobleman Megingoz of funds , married to Gerberga, a subsidiary Gottfried von Jülich , had extensive lands between victory mouth and Rhon Bach . The couple had five children - four daughters, including Adelheid, and their son Gottfried. After Gottfried fell as a participating knight in Otto II's campaign in Bohemia in 977, the parents decided to build a private women's foundation from his inheritance in Vilich , which was dedicated to the patrons Cornelius and Cyprian .

Founding of the monastery

In Vilich there was already a chapel from the 8th or 9th century, around which the monastery buildings were built from 978. The first abbess of the monastery was the daughter of the monastery founders, Adelheid, who left the Cologne Sankt-Ursula-Stift for this purpose , where she had lived as a canoness until then .

In January 987 the monastery was opened to King Otto III on the occasion of the court day at Andernach . subordinated; it became one of only four imperial monasteries at that time (i. e. S.). The future emperor is said to have granted the monastery the same privileges as the monasteries in Quedlinburg , Essen and Gandersheim . This elevation of the previously family foundation meant the future granting of ecclesiastical immunity as well as the privilege of free choice of the abbess and is the earliest evidence of the existence of the foundation. The abbess of an imperial monastery was also given secular power. The Vilicher Stift had territorial rights, for example in Solingen , Bödingen and as far as Düsseldorf . The parish Niederdollendorf , which was under Vilich patronage, also belonged to the tenth area of the monastery . During the tenure of Adelheid, the Vilicher Stift also benefited from funding from Empress Theophanu .

monastery

Adelheid initially refused to grant her parents' wish to turn the monastery into a Benedictine convent . It was only after her mother's death that she converted the pen into a monastery convent under the strict rules of the Order of Bendectin. In 996 the monastery by Pope was Gregory V confirmed. Adelheid died in 1015. A successor as abbess in Vilich was Mathilde, a daughter of Ezzo, the Count Palatine of Lorraine . Under her the Vilich monastery reached a heyday. So she had a large church built in place of the previous building. The first construction work on the collegiate church of St. Peter took place in 1020. Since the monastery could not finance the cost of the new building on its own, the family donated to the abbess. In 1065 Heinrich IV subordinated the Vilich monastery to the Archbishop of Cologne , then Anno II. In 1144 by King Konrad III. According to documented law, reference is made to the fact that the Vilich nuns still lived according to the Rule of St. Benedict .

As early as the 12th century, however, the strict rule of the order was abolished in Vilich in favor of the simpler monastery constitution. Since then, Vilich was again a pen for noble ladies. In the 13th century the monastery lost its independence; the Cologne archbishops took over the supervision. According to Zimmermann, the Adelheidis Vicarie existed from 1208 until the monastery was dissolved.

Both in the Truchsessischen and in the Thirty Years' War there was destruction and pillage of the monastery and the monastery church, among other things the Adelheid relic was lost. In the early 1640s, the war damage was repaired and parts of the church and monastery that had been destroyed were rebuilt.

secularization

In the course of secularization , the monastery was abolished in 1804; the collegiate church of St. Peter became a parish church. The former monastery buildings were leased to private individuals. In 1865 Franciscan nuns took over the facility and set up a hospital here. From 1876 the property was used privately again and in 1908 it became the property of the Order of Cellites (in the form of a donation), which initially provided an orphanage and an old people's home, later also outpatient nursing, a kindergarten and a handicraft and housekeeping school entertained. During the First World War , a reserve hospital was set up in the monastery. After that, orphans were taken care of by the sisters for a while. In the 1930s, child care continued to decline and the elderly were increasingly taken in for care. In 1944, during the bombing of World War II , incendiary bombs significantly damaged the pen.

Retirement home

Reconstruction took place in the post-war period and a senior citizens' home was set up. In the early 2000s, the old building was renovated and a new building was erected. The expanded and modernized St. Adelheidis-Stift retirement home was inaugurated in early 2002 by Cardinal Joachim Meisner . The operator is the Cellitinnen Foundation for St. Mary . In 1989 the monastery had 46 places.

The old buildings of the monastery are under monument protection.

See also

Web links

Commons : Adelheidisstift (Vilich)  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

literature

  • Helga Giersiepen: The Vilich Kanonissenstift from its foundation to the end of the 15th century , publications by the Bonn City Archives, Volume 53, Bonn 1993.

References and comments

  1. ↑ a b c d e f g h i Life and Work of St. Adelheid von Vilich and the importance of Vilich Abbey , September 7, 2012, website of the Archdiocese of Cologne
  2. ^ A b c d e f Frank Vallender, The history of Vilich Abbey. The holy Adelheid: A work far beyond death , March 15, 2013, Bonner General-Anzeiger
  3. ^ Norbert Schloßmacher , Adelheid von Vilich (before 970 - around 1015), city patroness of Bonn , website of the Rhineland Regional Council
  4. ↑ Edith Ennen, Women in the Middle Ages, from: Beck's Historische Bibliothek, ISBN 978-3-40637-7-990 , CH Beck , 1999, p. 79
  5. ↑ a b c d Adelheid von Vilich 970 - 1015 , website of the parish association An Rhein und Sieg
  6. ↑ Robert Suckale, The medieval women's pencils as bastions of women's power, Volume 25 of the: Series of publications of the Cologne Legal Society, ISBN 978-3-50462-0-257 , Otto Schmidt Verlag, 2001 p. 12
  7. ^ Contributions to the history of the Lower Rhine, yearbook of the Düsseldorfer Geschichtsverein, volumes 14–16, Der Verein, 1900
  8. ^ Rudolf Vierhaus (ed.), German Biographical Encyclopedia (DBE), 2nd edition, ISBN 978-3-11094-6-574 , Walter de Gruyter, 2005, Aachen - Braniß, p. 44
  9. ↑ The Aqueduct 1763-1988: an almanac from the CH Beck publishing house in the 225th year of its existence, CH Beck , 1988 ISBN 978-3-40633-1-978 , p. 166
  10. ↑ Klaus Gereon Beuckers, The Ezzonen and their foundations: an investigation into foundation activity in the 11th century, Art History Volume 42 of the series: Research from the Hans Bockler Foundation, ISBN 978-3-89473-9-539 , LIT Verlag Münster and Hamburg, 1993, p. 133
  11. ↑ Helga Giersiepen, Das Kanonissenstift Vilich, from its foundation to the end of the 15th century, Volume 53 of: Publications of the Bonn City Archives, Bonn City Archives, L. Röhrscheid, 1993, p. 138
  12. ↑ Walther Zimmerman, Die Kunstdenkmäler des Rhineland, supplement, issue 12, 1968, p. 300
  13. ↑ a b c d Our history , website of the St. Adelheidis-Stift retirement home
  14. ^ Carl Jakob Bachem, Beueler Chronik, issue 26 of: Studies on the local history of the Bonn-Beuel district, City of Bonn, 1989 p. 112
  15. ↑ List of monuments of the city of Bonn (as of March 15, 2019), p. 3, number A 1015

Coordinates: 50 ° 45 ′ 12.5 ″  N , 7 ° 7 ′ 43.2 ″  E