St. Peter (Vilich)
St. Peter is the Catholic parish church in the Vilich district of Bonn . It was a collegiate church until the abolition of the originally Benedictine women's monastery and since 1488 free aristocratic secular Vilich monastery.
Building
The Vilich parish church of St. Peter reflects in its current form the eventful history of the building. The two yokes of the nave with their angular, stern pillars are reminiscent of the large three-aisled collegiate and pilgrimage church of St. Peter, which was built between 1020 and 1050 on the site of two previous churches. The rows of pillars and arches continued in their original form to the west, up to the closing wall of today's church forecourt. A small choir - the Adelheidis-Chörchen - was added to this large building in 1208–1222 on the south side by builders who previously worked at Bonn Minster .
A few decades later, when the construction of the new Gothic cathedral began in Cologne , around 1270/80 the Vilich canons also wanted their church to be embellished in the same way by Cologne builders. This Gothic choir building brought the monastery to the brink of economic existence. Only the intervention of the Archbishop of Cologne saved its continued existence.
The destruction in the wars of the 16th and 17th centuries led to the partial demolition of the nave and the construction of a new west wall for the shortened nave around 1650. Remnants of the original long nave have been preserved as a garden wall. Shortly before 1700, the large west tower was built in the area of the former central nave , which is still Vilich's landmark today. The shape that the church received around 1700 has largely been preserved to this day, even after the severe war damage of October 18, 1944. St. Peter is registered as an architectural monument in the list of monuments of the city of Bonn (No. A 1291).
Since the abolition of the secular Vilich monastery on February 27, 1804, the parish church has served as a place of worship.
Furnishing
Little was left of the original equipment. The oldest piece, a Romanesque grave slab, is placed in the right side choir: a six-leaved plant, the tree of life, bears the cross as a flower above. Presumably this is the tombstone of Abbess Elisabeth, the builder of the Adelheidis church.
The romanizing font formerly stood in the neighboring parish and baptistery church of St. Paul and was only erected in the collegiate church after its collapse (1765). Also in the right side choir is the oldest Vilich Adelheidis reliquary in the form of a monstrance in a wall niche . It is a late Gothic goldsmith's work that was restored in the Rococo .
Several Adelheidis portraits are part of the interior. The Adelheidis reliquary bust on the main altar was mentioned "around 1650 by the learned theologian Johannes Bollandus". The reclining figure on a sarcophagus in the Adelheidis choir dates from the baroque . The red stone coffin on which the lying Adelheidis rests is much older. The coffin was rediscovered in 1872, raised and connected to the reclining figure. The numerous glass windows were created by Walther Benner from 1959 to 1966 .
organ
The Rieger Orgelbau company from Schwarzach (Vorarlberg) built today's instrument in the collegiate church. The disposition comes from the pen of the Cologne cathedral organist at the time, Josef Zimmermann . The 30 registers , which are controlled with an electric action, are distributed over two manuals and pedal . The game action, however, is mechanical. The two tongues of the main plant are built as horizontal tongues. The instrument was restored in 1997/1998 by the Weimbs company from Hellenthal. In 2008 the organ received a modern typesetting system from Schulte ( Kürten ).
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Pairing :
- Normal coupling: II / I, I / P, II / P as rockers and steps
- Playing aids : typesetting system , tutti, trigger
Bells
The massive tower carries an ensemble of four bells , of which the two larger instruments require attention. The big bell is likely to come from the previous building. It is not known where it remained until today's west tower was built. The bell has already been welded twice. It is characterized by an unconventionally bitter sound. The one-line inscription in Gothic majuscule runs between two pairs of round bars around the shoulder:
- (†) IN HONORE SANCTE † MARGA [RE] TE † + + ANNO DOMINI MILESIMO C · C · C · C † TESIMO DVVO DECIMO † AVE MARIA GRACIA PLENA †
The bell is adorned with the exception of a bundle of webs around the Wolm and two thin round webs above the sharpness. Master Joiris is given as the foundryman.
When the Second World War destroyed the previous three-part bell from the years 1643, 1792 and 1808, a bell from neighboring Geislar and a so-called loan bell from former East Prussia were put on the tower as a replacement . The latter has a very slender shape, reminiscent of the ribs of so-called sugar loaf bells from the 11th and 12th centuries. The structure of the partial tone behaves accordingly: a prime deepened to a fourth and a small sixth as an undertone. Its lowest three principal tones thus result in an sixth fourth chord in A flat minor, which significantly shapes the sound of the bell. It is very likely that this sugar loaf shape goes back to a previous bell that the foundry - Michael Dornmann - picked up. Other bells from the Baroque period usually have a shape that is not so strictly deviating from the norm of that time.
The small Marienglocke comes from the parish church in Geislar. In 1965 a bell specially intended for the church was cast.
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No. |
dedication |
Casting year |
Foundry, casting location |
Diameter (mm) |
Mass (kg) |
Percussive ( HT - 1 / 16 ) |
| 1 | Margarete | 1412 | (Master) Joiris, Metz (?) | 1,270 | ≈1,400 | f 1 +5 |
| 2 | - | 1648 | Michael Dornmann, Elbing | 1,053 | ≈650 | as 1 +5 |
| 3 | Pope Pius X. | 1965 | Petit & Gebr. Edelbrock , Gescher | 840 | 370 | b 1 +3 |
| 4th | Maria | 1930 | Petit & Gebr. Edelbrock, Gescher | 708 | 210 | of 2 +2 |
Incorporated parish churches and choir towers
The Vilich Abbey incorporated several parish churches in the area whose clergy were obliged to perform certain tasks in the St. Peter's Abbey Church. Immediately in the monastery immunity was the parish church of St. Paul, first mentioned in a document in 1144, a Romanesque sacred building with an east tower and adjoining apse . The choir bay was in the basement. This was a so-called choir tower . This building, which collapsed in 1765 due to a flood, was intended to set the style for the other parish churches with choir towers incorporated into Vilich Abbey, namely St. Gallus in Küdinghoven , St. Remigius in Königswinter , St. Cäcilia in Oberkassel , St. Michael in Niederdollendorf and St. Laurentius in Oberdollendorf .
literature
- Irmingard Achter: The Collegiate Church of St. Peter in Vilich - With a contribution: Life and adoration of St. Adelheid von Vilich by Jakob Schlafke, Düsseldorf 1968 (Die Kunstdenkmäler des Rheinlandes, Supplement 12).
- Dietrich Höroldt (Ed.): 1000 years Vilich Abbey 978–1978 . Bonn 1978, ISBN 3-7928-0412-3 .
- Schnorrenberg: The last days of the Vilich monastery in "Rheinische Geschichtsblätter" 4/1900 ( dilibri.de )
- Andreas Denk , Ingeborg flag : Architectural guide Bonn . Dietrich Reimer Verlag, Berlin 1997, ISBN 3-496-01150-5 , pp. 131/132.
- Peter Jurgilewitsch, Wolfgang Pütz-Liebenow: The history of the organ in Bonn and in the Rhein-Sieg district , Bouvier Verlag, Bonn 1990, ISBN 3-416-80606-9 , pp. 213–222.
Web links
Remarks
- ↑ Should be: DVO
- ↑ Translation: In honor of St. Margaret. In the 1412th year of the Lord. Hail Mary, full of grace.
Individual evidence
- ^ City of Bonn: List of gem. § 3 DSchG NW registered monuments, ground monuments, movable monuments and monument areas of the city of Bonn in the list of monuments. (pdf, 2.17MB) March 15, 2019, p. 66 , accessed on November 3, 2018 .
- ↑ "Villich Parish Church of St. Peter, former collegiate church", July 2003.
- ^ Helga E. Bachem-Bönsch: The stained glass windows of St. Peter in Vilich (= Monument and History Association Bonn-Rechtsrheinisch eV [Ed.]: Small contributions to memorials and history in Bonn on the right bank of the Rhine . Volume 3 ). Bonn 2015, ISBN 978-3-9812164-3-1 (48 pages).
- ↑ Gerhard Hoffs: Bell music of the Catholic churches in Bonn . Pp. 224-230.
- ↑ Magdalena Schmoll: The parish church of St. Gallus in Bonn-Küdinghoven, Neuss 1983, p. 4
- ↑ Dietrich Höroldt (Ed.): 1000 Years of Vilich Abbey 978–1978. Bonn 1978, pp. 14 and 131f.
- ^ Georg Dehio: Handbook of German Art Monuments. North Rhine-Westphalia I. Rhineland, arr. and exp. Edition, Deutscher Kunstverlag, Berlin and Munich 2005, pp. 844–846
Coordinates: 50 ° 45 ′ 10.9 ″ N , 7 ° 7 ′ 41 ″ E