Kürten
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Coordinates: 51 ° 3 ′ N , 7 ° 16 ′ E |
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| Basic data | ||
| State : | North Rhine-Westphalia | |
| Administrative region : | Cologne | |
| Circle : | Rheinisch-Bergischer Kreis | |
| Height : | 185 m above sea level NHN | |
| Area : | 67.29 km 2 | |
| Residents: | 19,662 (Dec. 31, 2019) | |
| Population density : | 292 inhabitants per km 2 | |
| Postal code : | 51515 | |
| Primaries : | 02268, 02207 | |
| License plate : | GL | |
| Community key : | 05 3 78 012 | |
| Community structure: | 69 districts | |
| Address of the municipal administration: |
Karlheinz-Stockhausen-Platz 1 51515 Kürten |
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| Website : | ||
| Mayor : | Willi Heider (independent) | |
| Location of the municipality of Kürten in the Rheinisch-Bergisches Kreis | ||
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Kürten is a municipality in the Rheinisch-Bergisches Kreis in the state of North Rhine-Westphalia . It has the suffix Stockhausen-Gemeinde .
geography
Geographical location
As a typical area municipality, Kürten and its parts of the municipality (four church villages, numerous courtyards) extend over a north-south extension of 11.2 kilometers and an east-west extension of 10.8 kilometers.
Kürten is located in the Bergisches Land around 24 kilometers (as the crow flies ) northeast of Cologne . The community belongs to the Bergisches Land nature park . The Kürtener Sülz , the northern source river of the Sülz, flows through the local area .
Neighboring communities
- Cities: Wermelskirchen , Wipperfürth , Overath , Bergisch Gladbach
- Municipalities: Lindlar , Odenthal .
Community structure
In addition to the eponymous core town, the municipality of Kürten includes the districts of Bechen , Biesfeld , Miebach , Dürscheid , Offermannsheide and Olpe . The municipality includes the districts of Bechen, Breibach, Collenbach, Engeldorf, Dürscheid, Kürten and Olpe. The municipality of Kürten also includes a large number of villages, hamlets and farmhouses, see below: Navigation bar districts, localities and residential areas of Kürten.
Population development
Kürten is one of the slowly growing places in the Bergisches Land . Only since the 1960s has there been a significant increase in the number of residents.
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history
Kürten and the "Liber Valoris", 1308 to 2008
The earliest secured written evidence of the existence of a church village in Kürten dates from the beginning of the 14th century. Around 1308, the Liber valoris ecclesiarum Coloniensis dioceses , or Liber valoris for short, lists the place CURTINE as a parish to the Church of St. Johannes Baptist with pastorate and vicariate , located in the Deutz deanery . Today the document is stored in the State Archive of North Rhine-Westphalia, Rhineland Department .
This first manuscript with evidence of the existence of a community in Kürten appeared almost one and a half centuries later as the earliest written evidence for the towns of Bechen and Olpe, which have long since been incorporated. The building of the church itself gives evidence of an older age in the church village of Kürten, the few remaining remains of the base under the church tower date back to the early High Middle Ages. With the name "Sankt Johannes Baptist" the church is dedicated to John the Baptist . These baptismal churches often go back to the time of the Christianization of the Bergisches Land. Kürten could have been settled as early as the Merovingian period , between 700 and 800. This assumption is also supported by a reference in the Prümer Urbar , a list of goods from 893: Here an unspecified church is mentioned, which lies between the two towns of Enkel and Vogelberg, both a “half mile” from the Altenberg monastery. According to some local historians, this is the Kürten Church; In general, however, there is uncertainty regarding the topographical allocation of the information in the Prümer Urbar.
Place name and topography
Until 1930, the spelling of the place name and surname Kürten was generally "Cürten". In the centuries before, the forms "Curten", "Cürthen", "Cörten" and "Corten" appeared. There are several views as to the origin of the place name itself.
- Kürten could be derived from "Op de Corte", meaning: "On the short (watercourse)". This is the opinion of the local history researcher Theo Stockberg. In fact, there was such a tributary to the Sülz near today's comprehensive school in Kürten.
A more obvious interpretation of the place name "Kürten" is based on the following:
- The traditional interpretation of the place name refers to the Middle Latin "curtis" for court, Fronhof or Hofstelle. "Curtis" describes the free, square space within a fenced-in courtyard. This representation speaks in favor of the interpretation of “curtis” as “courtyard”: “The village came into being when the court-hearing kötter settled around the manor. In a natural development, the word curtis - in the form of "Curts", "zur Cürten" - was first transferred to the farm itself and later to the village. In Middle Latin, “curtina” is ≈ small curtis ≈ small courtyard. The final syllable “court” is the word (in addition to the most common ending “-hofen” and the other rare endings “-hoop”, “-hop”) to denote the manor house and groups of buildings. "
- This approach is historically substantiated: In fact, there are indications of a manor house that probably belonged to the Cologne cathedral chapter . Kürten as the location of a regional court appears for the first time in records of court minutes since the middle of the 16th century: Kürten received its own seal in 1555 . The district court of Kürten was responsible for the parishes of Kürten, Bechen and Olpe. The Kurten jurisdiction itself was then and still in the following centuries subordinate to the Steinbach office.
- In the Liber valoris of 1308, Kürten was noted as "Curtine". Phonology and semantics as well as historical findings suggest that the place name “Kürten” should actually be derived from “Curtine”. Compared to the interpretation of “curtis” as “Fronhof”, the late medieval “Curtine” experiences an expanded scope of meaning, as “Curtina” is not just “Small Court” / “Court of Justice”, but also “Wall” or “Wall” (as part a "curtis") means; this as well as the new high German "curtain". A curtain wall is still understood today as the connecting wall between two towers or bastions of a castle or fortress. Topographical references also supported the Curtine interpretation. Two and a half kilometers east of the core town of Kürten, already belonging to the parish of Kürten-Olpe, there is a former castle or ring wall . The hamlet of Burgheim, which today belongs to Kürten, is located in the immediate vicinity of this facility.
- Therefore, the archaeological and local onomastic findings point around Kurten, including Burgheim together with its rampart and certainly associated curtain wall , in the time of the Christianization of the Frankish tribes in the early Middle Ages. At that time, one can assume that there was an increased need for presumably fortified baptismal places and church planting on formerly pagan soil in the region - and therefore also an exclusive veneration of John the Baptist.
Archive of the community
The Kürten municipal archive mainly contains administrative files. The documents that are kept in the old archive begin with the administrative structuring according to the Civil Code under Napoleonic rule. Inventory 1 comprises the files from 1804 to 1918, inventory 2 denotes the collection from the end of the First to the end of the Second World War, inventory 3 relates to the files from the post-war period from 1945 to 1963. In addition, there are several own and third-party collections from private estates, collections and exhibition materials, for example on Karlheinz Stockhausen (ongoing), on the currency reform of 1948, on the 700th anniversary celebration (2008); Most recently, a collection of “Kürten before, during and after the Second World War” was created with reference to the exhibition “Retrospectives on Kürten 1933–1955” (2012) from the municipal archives.
Due to a lack of written evidence from the time before Napoleon, the archive can only provide information over a period of 200 years - with one notable exception: In 2000, a bundle of 160 much older documents came into the municipal archive: nine original files from the 16th Century, on the one hand church files from the village of Olpe, on the other hand minutes of the von Landsbergische Lehnsgericht Olpe. These are original documents from the 16th to 19th centuries and in particular from the period around 1780. The oldest document in the relevant collection, a court record, dates from 1572. Photocopies of these court records were made by NJ Breidenbach in the 1980s. Years and are in the Catholic Public Library of the parish of St. Margareta in Kürten-Olpe and in the private collection "Sources & Materials" NJ Breidenbach in Wermelskirchen.
The interim archive houses the recently registered administrative files.
For the local history, see also: List of architectural monuments in Kürten
The archive has been providing information in the field of family and genealogy research since 2009, after the obligation to provide information to the public was transferred from the registry offices to the municipal archives. This affects the disclosure of historical civil status documents since 1810.
A local archive in Kürten has been created on a voluntary basis since 2017, which mainly contains the (book) holdings of the “History Association for the Municipality of Kürten and Surroundings e. V. “supervised. The community archive in the new town hall building and the local archive in the old town hall building work closely together, especially with regard to the selection, assignment and listing of topics. The aim is to perceive both archives as a local center for local history education. There are three main areas to be mentioned: the administrative files of the interim archive (since 1980), the files / holdings of the old archive (1810–1965) as well as the books, magazines, notebooks and picture holdings of the local archive.
Timetable
- presumably 9th century: evidence of settlement and the foundation of a church
- 1171: First documentary mention of the part of the municipality Olpe
- 1175: First mention of the municipality of Bechen
- 1217: First mention of the Dürscheid part of the community
- 1308: Kürten is mentioned for the first time in a document: The Liber valoris records the place "Curtine" as the location for a church .
- Around 1300: The counts of those von Berg - since the 14th century Dukes of Berg - introduce a constitution that is not repealed until 1808 by Napoleon. For around 500 years, Kürten has been under the authority of Steinbach .
- 1363, September 6th: First written references to offices in County Berg. The document describes the Steinbach office with its places Wipperfeld , Bechen, Kürten, Olpe, Lindlar, Overath, Engelskirchen, Hohkeppel and Wipperfürth.
- 1555: Reference to the old seal of the Kürten "Landgeding" (regional court).
- 1699: Kürten is the location of a jurisdiction (regional court / court court; cf. place name interpretation “Curtis”, cf. medieval evidence for “Curtine”). Reference to a manor house with patronage and jury, to which Biesfeld and Offermannsheide are also assigned.
- 1739: Official affiliation: Again evidence of the assignment of the parish of Kürten to the Steinbach office.
- 1806: " French era ": King Maximilian I Joseph of Bavaria cedes the Duchy of Berg to Napoleon . In 1806, the Grand Duchy of Berg was established as a federal state on the Rhine . In 1808, under Joachim Murat , radical reforms of the administrations, in particular of the municipalities: introduction of the “ Code civil ” with the establishment of mayor offices (“Mairie”) - ( Mairies = mayor offices ). - The area of today's municipal area is subordinate to the Rhine department . The Mairie Kürten with Bechen and the Mairie Olpe with Wipperfeld belong to the canton of Wipperfürth / Arrondissement Elberfeld. Dürscheid, in turn, belongs to Mairie Bensberg and is therefore subordinate to the canton of Bensberg in the Mülheim arrondissement.
- 1815: Congress of Vienna : The former Duchy of Berg - and with it the two mayorships of Kürten and Olpe - are assigned to Prussia .
- 1816–1927: Reorganization in the administrative district of Cologne : the mayor offices of Kürten and Olpe are assigned to the district of Wipperfürth , Dürscheid (as the area of the mayor's office of Bensberg ) is assigned to the district of Mülheim. In 1927 the two mayorships became offices.
- 1929: Merger: The two offices of Kürten (consisting of the municipalities of Kürten and Bechen) and Olpe (consisting of the municipalities of Olpe and Wipperfeld) are merged.
- 1932: October 1st: The Kürten Office becomes part of the newly constituted Rheinisch-Bergisches Kreis.
- 1946: Reorganization and immigration: the Kürten office becomes part of the newly formed state of North Rhine-Westphalia. Refugees and displaced persons from the previous eastern German areas lead to a significant increase in population.
- 1935, Feb. 25: Change of name of the rural community "Cürten" to "Kürten".
- 1975: 800 years of Bechen - The district of Bechen celebrates the anniversary of its first mention.
- 1975: January 1st - Local reorganization : The previous municipality of Kürten and major parts of the municipalities of Bechen and Olpe merge to form the new municipality of Kürten (Section 11 (1) of the Cologne Act ). Parts of the former town of Bensberg (including Dürscheid) and smaller areas of the communities of Lindlar, Odenthal and Wipperfeld will also be incorporated into the new community . In the course of the dissolution of the office of Kürten, most of the former area of Wipperfeld will become part of the city of Wipperfürth. The municipality of Kürten remains part of the Rheinisch-Bergisches Kreis; however, the municipality of Lindlar and the city of Wipperfürth are assigned to the Oberbergischer Kreis.
- 2000: Upswing and crises: The expansion efforts in all regions of the Federal Republic of Germany in the second half of the 20th century opened up a hitherto unimagined infrastructural and economic upswing in Kürten up to the 1990s, accompanied by a population increase of almost 4,000 people in the Post-war period up to a size of over 20,000 inhabitants in the year 2000. On the other hand, since the turn of the millennium, with the increasingly scarce public budget funds, the signs of a decline in growth have been evident.
- 2008: 700 years of Kürten: The main town of Kürten celebrates the anniversary of its first mention as CURTINE in Liber valoris (1308).
- 2010: “The Stockhausen Community” - Kürten is officially allowed to name itself after its honorary citizen, the composer Karlheinz Stockhausen (1928–2007). Numerous accompanying exhibitions, Stockhausen courses and concerts.
- 2012: “Looking back on Kürten 1933–1955” - present and inform citizens' forum and community archive.
- 2013: April 27th: Sixth day of Rheinisch-Bergische history in Kürten.
politics
Municipal council
Results of the past municipal council elections:
Share of votes of the parties:
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Allocation of seats in the municipal council:
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mayor
Since the local elections in 2014, Willi Heider has been mayor . In a second ballot he obtained 61.19% of the votes cast.
Finance
Since 2008, the New Municipal Financial Management (NFK) has replaced the conventional cameralistics for internal administrative budget management.
coat of arms
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Blazon : "Divided by silver and red, above a two-tailed, blue-armed and -crowned red lion, below a silver heron with drawn up right leg and a silver fish in its beak." |
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Justification of the coat of arms: Traditionally, the Bergische Löwe always forms part of the coat of arms of the localities that are in the area of the original county of Berg. In order to distinguish the coats of arms from one another, the cities and municipalities of this region also cover the freely designed half of their coats of arms with an independent local symbol.
The Kürten coat of arms shows the Bergisch lion in the upper half . The heron in the lower part of the coat of arms indicates the abundance of fish in the numerous streams. The municipal coat of arms essentially corresponds to the original seal of the court in Cürten from 1598. This old court seal is also shown in a file from 1742; This document was only found in 1925 in the State Archives in Düsseldorf. A year later, this coat of arms was finally awarded to the municipality of Kürten, initially by decree of the Prussian State Ministry of October 5, 1926. The coat of arms was awarded to the office of Kürten again, namely with the establishment of the Federal Republic of Germany - now by means of a certificate from the state government of the state of North Rhine-Westphalia from December 8, 1949. In the following period, the coat of arms was valid until the municipal reorganization on January 1, 1975: At this point in time, the current sub-communities of Bechen and Olpe were also included in the coat of arms privilege. As a reaction to the changed local political situation, Kürten received a newly revised municipal coat of arms, which in its current form was approved by the district president in Cologne in a document dated March 15, 1982. |
Town twinning
Since 1999, Sister City Kürten the Italian city of Rodengo-Saiano in Lombardy .
Economy and industry
Trade and commerce
Kürten has been part of the Cologne Chamber of Commerce and Industry since 1977. The move of numerous families to Kürten led to a significant increase in population until the 1990s. Many local workers are employed outside of Kürten. In the past few years, Kürten has designated a number of commercial areas, mainly craft businesses have settled here. With the "Splash Bath", Kürten has a generously dimensioned leisure pool.
Club festival
Every three years more than 50 groups and institutions as well as representatives of the Italian partner community celebrate their club festival under the motto “We in Kürten”.
traffic
For A 1 , A 3 and A 4 can be reached, respectively, within 15 to 30 minutes, using public transport, the driving time is less than one hour to Cologne. Cologne-Bonn is the closest airport.
Road traffic
On January 1, 2018, 16,338 motor vehicles were registered in Kürten, 13,307 of which were cars.
- B 506 (Cologne - Bergisch Gladbach - Kürten-Bechen - Wipperfürth)
railroad
The closest train station is in Bergisch Gladbach . From there, the S11 S-Bahn travels via Cologne and Neuss to Düsseldorf Airport .
bus connections
- 426 : Bergisch Gladbach (S) - Dürscheid - Kürten - Thier - Wipperfürth ( Wupsi , Monday to Friday until 9 p.m., every 20 minutes, night bus connections, on weekends every 30 minutes to one hour)
- 427 : Bergisch Gladbach (S) - Bechen - Weiden - Kürten-Olpe - Wipperfeld - Wipperfürth (Wupsi, Monday to Friday, every 20 minutes to Bechen, every 40 minutes to Weiden and every hour to Kürten-Olpe. Hourly on weekends)
- 429 : Bergisch Gladbach (S) - Eichhof - Olpe - Ahe - Wipperfürth (Wupsi, primarily used for school and business commuter traffic to Bergisch Gladbach and Wipperfürth)
- 335 : Frielingsdorf - Hartegasse - Lindlar - Linde - Biesfeld - Dürscheid - Herkenrath - Sand - Bergisch Gladbach (S) ( OVAG , Monday to Friday about every two hours, Saturday and holiday traffic, no evening or night traffic)
- 454 : Bensberg - Moitzfeld - Herkenrath - Spitze - Herweg - Bechen ( RVK , every hour)
In addition, there are numerous bus routes that support school traffic and that only run on school days.
Kürten belongs to the tariff area of the Verkehrsverbund Rhein-Sieg (VRS).
Education, culture, performance
Church affiliation
Kürten is traditionally Roman Catholic. The Liber Valoris (1308) shows that Kürten belonged to the Archdiocese of Cologne as early as the 14th century. It can be assumed that a parish under the Church of St. John Baptist has been in existence since the 9th century. The Protestant regional church has also been gaining influence since 1960 (Cologne church district, now part of the Cologne church district on the right bank of the Rhine, EKR)
- Catholic parish of St. Marien; Church association since reorganization on January 1, 2010, consisting of the churches
- "St. Anna Chapel ”, Kürten-Weiden
- "St. Antonius Einsiedler ”, Kürten-Bechen
- "St. Johannes Baptist ”, Kürten
- "St. Margareta “, Kürten-Olpe
- "St. Nikolaus ”, Kürten-Dürscheid
- "St. Petrus and Paulus ”, Kürten-Offermannsheide
- "Mater Dolorosa" (parish church), Kürten-Biesfeld
- Three catholic public libraries are affiliated.
- Evangelical parish Delling with the parish districts
- District I: Delling
- District II: Biesfeld (Christ Church) and Bechen (Reconciliation Church)
- New Apostolic Church Eichhof; Municipality of Kürten-Eichhof
Youth and education
Kürten has eleven church, municipal and private kindergartens, five elementary schools , a comprehensive school and a privately run facility for educational assistance and children's villages (“Die Gute Hand”). There are also seven youth centers.
Schools in the municipality:
- Tilman Röhrig Community Primary School Kürten
- Community elementary school Biesfeld
- Community elementary school Olpe
- Bechen Catholic Primary School
- Community elementary school Dürscheid
- Kurten comprehensive school
- Private institution for educational aid foundation Die Gute Hand
The concept of an open all-day school (“Ogata”) was implemented in Kürten, Bechen and Dürscheid. - The comprehensive school in Kürten leads u. a. for general university entrance qualification. Secondary schools are also: Herkenrath , Lindlar, Wipperfürth or Bergisch Gladbach. The closest vocational schools are in Bergisch Gladbach and Wipperfürth.
Open educational institutions
- music school
- Courses from the branch of the Volkshochschule Bergisch Gladbach
- “Stockhausen Concerts and Courses”, organized by the Stockhausen Foundation for Music ; in continuation of the work of the composer Karlheinz Stockhausen (1928–2007), who lived in Kürten. The international “Stockhausen Courses and Concerts” have taken place in Kürten since 1997, initially annually and since 2013 every two years in midsummer.
- Gut Hungenbach - a cultural asset in the Bergisches Land
- KunstRaum B
- China Forum Gallery T
carnival
Kürten is located in the catchment area of the Rhenish carnival stronghold of Cologne. Whether during the great days the Carnival Friends Bechen from 1952 e. V. or KG Dürscheder Mellsäck e. V. move through the village streets: In Kürten and the affiliated church villages, especially in Bechen, Dürscheid and in the Kürten Sülztalhalle, numerous carnival activities take place during the fifth season with foolish meetings, triumvirate and parades.
Personalities
Honorary citizen
- Karlheinz Stockhausen (1928–2007), composer, lived in the Kettenberg district for 24 years, and in 1988 was made the only honorary citizen of Kürten in 1988. On August 22, 2008, when he would have been 80 years old, the town hall square “Marktfeld” was renamed “Karlheinz-Stockhausen-Platz”.
Sons and daughters of the church
- Johann Eberhard Hoffmann (1708–1767), Mayor of Elberfeld, born in Delling
- Maria Louise Denst (1932–2016), local history researcher and dialect poet
- Johann Fischer (1934–2012), angel collector
- Theo Röhrig (* 1936), politician (SPD)
Personalities who (d) live in Kürten
- Kerstin Gier (* 1966), writer
- Gert Kreutzer (* 1940), Scandinavian scholar and translator
- Fritz H. Lauten (1935–1989), glass artist and state prize winner
- Helmut Lieth (1925–2015), co-author of the Walter Lieth climate diagram
- Carsten Ramelow (* 1974), former professional footballer
- Franz Toenniges (1923–2008), calligrapher, graphic artist and local researcher
- Edith Weyde (1901–1989), chemist and inventor
- Tim Wiese (* 1981), former Bundesliga goalkeeper
See also
- Mayor's office in Kürten
- Ringwall castle ring
- List of architectural monuments in Kürten
- List of nature reserves in the Rheinisch-Bergisches Kreis
Individual evidence
- ↑ Population of the municipalities of North Rhine-Westphalia on December 31, 2019 - update of the population based on the census of May 9, 2011. State Office for Information and Technology North Rhine-Westphalia (IT.NRW), accessed on June 17, 2020 . ( Help on this )
- ^ Peter Opladen : Das Deanery Wipperfürth, Verlag F. Schmitt, Siegburg 1955, p. 187
- ↑ Mobility in North Rhine-Westphalia - data and facts 2018/2019. In: Road traffic. Ministry of Building, Housing, Urban Development and Transport of the State of North Rhine-Westphalia, p. 66 (PDF; 14.2 MB, holdings on January 1, 2018).
literature
- NJ Breidenbach: The Königsspitzer Hof near Kürten. In: Kürten writings. Issue 6, 2007.
- Josef Büchel, Peter Gronwald: Pictures from ancient times. Kürten Municipality, Kürten 1984–1998 (3 volumes).
- Ute Ströbel-Dettmer (ed.), Municipality of Kürten (ed.): CURTINE - CURTEN - KÜRTEN. 1308-2008. Rural life 700 years ago. Exhibition with commemorative publication. Ancos, Osnabrück 2008.
- Maria Louise Denst : The Delling. Origin and history of the Protestant parish in Delling. Heider, Bergisch Gladbach 1985, ISBN 3-87314-160-4 .
- Bernd Kokerols: Rough Land. Economy and society in the municipality of Kürten in the 19th century. Kürten Municipality, Kürten 1991.
- Peter Opladen : The Deanery Wipperfürth. Schmitt, Siegburg 1955.
- Herbert Stahl (editor): Grube Luther , in: Das Erbe des Erzes, Volume 3, The pits in the Paffrather Kalkmulde, Bergisch Gladbach 2006, ISBN 3-932326-49-0 , p. 55ff.
- Ute Ströbel-Dettmer, Olaf Mickenhagen (editing): From the Reichsmark to the D-Mark to the euro. Currency reform and currency union in Kürten and elsewhere. (Special exhibition with catalog 1999, from: Community archive Kürten, inventory 3, 1945–1961).
- Lydia Kieven: cultural guide Rheinisch-Bergischer Kreis . Heider, Bergisch Gladbach 1998, ISBN 3-87314-334-8 , p. 155-180 .
Web links
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