Foreign workers
Foreign workers is a term for workers who have come to work in a country from abroad , especially since the beginning of industrialization . Basically, this term describes two groups:
- Migrant workers who volunteer in a foreign country.
- Forced laborers , who are forced in the war to work or as a result of a war in a foreign country.
Immigrants who immigrate forever from another country are not referred to as foreign workers, nor are slaves who have been taken to work from another country. As a rule, the term also does not include workers who work short-term for a specific job abroad, for example to assemble an industrial plant .
While the term foreign worker had a negative connotation due to its use during the time of National Socialism in Germany , it is still used neutrally in Switzerland . In Germany it is mostly replaced by the terms migrant workers or migrant workers .
History and usage of the term
Since the beginning of the 20th century , the term "foreign workers" was a common term for foreign workers in Germany . During the reign of National Socialism , foreigners were forced to work in and for Germany in World War II . There were millions of foreign workers who were deported to Germany as “ civil workers ” from their home countries. Forced laborers from Eastern Europe , especially from the Soviet Union , were usually referred to as " Eastern workers " in National Socialism . After the fall of Mussolini and Italy's conversion to the Allies , the so-called Italian military internees were added.
Using the term in connection with forced labor gave the term negative connotations . In Germany, the term was used in Federal Republican authorities and the media until the 1970s, especially with the beginning of the increased immigration of foreign workers in the 1960s , but increasingly replaced by the term “ guest workers ” in everyday language after the Second World War . In the meantime, the term guest worker is used only rarely or only for the historical context of the post-war period . This is mainly due to the fact that the recruitment of foreign workers was stopped by the Federal Republic of Germany with the recruitment stop in 1973, but since then many former guest workers have settled permanently in Germany.
In post-war Austria, the Nazi term was also adopted uncritically, which was replaced in the early 1970s by guest workers and later by foreign workers . When labor became scarce during the post-war boom, Austria entered international recruitment policy late. 1962 through a treaty with Spain, 1964 with Turkey and 1965/66 with Yugoslavia. The social partners had previously agreed in the Raab-Olah Agreement, the stability of prices and wages, the quota for labor migration and the time limitation (rotation) based on seasonal work experience.
In Switzerland, the term `` seasonal workers '' was officially used , i.e. workers who were employed seasonally in Switzerland. In summer mainly in construction, in winter at the ski and chair lifts of the winter sports resorts. Their easier recruitment was regulated in the 1934 seasonal statute.
literature
- Lothar Elsner: Foreign workers policy in West Germany . On the situation and the struggle of foreign workers under the conditions of the West German state monopoly system of rule 1955-1968. Verlag Tribune of the FDGB of the GDR, Berlin 1970, DNB (Habil.-Schrift, Rostock University)
- Thomas Schiller: Nazi propaganda for the "work assignment" . Camp newspapers for foreign workers in World War II: origin, function, reception and bibliography. LIT Verlag , Hamburg 1997, ISBN 3-8258-3411-5 .
- Ulrich Herbert: Foreign workers . Politics and practice of the "deployment of foreigners" in the war economy of the Third Reich. Verlag Dietz 1986, ISBN 978-3801201081 . Dissertation (University of Essen) 1985. New edition (paperback) 1999, ISBN 978-3801250287 .
Web links
- Andreas Heusler: Exploitation and Discipline. On the role of the Munich Special Court and the Munich Stapoleitstelle in the context of the National Socialist foreign labor policy , in: forum historiae iuris , January 15, 1998. (The article cannot be linked directly on this website, but is based on the chronology of the publications identified there based on the date the publication can be found.)
Individual evidence
- ↑ Telepolis: Don't mince your words , March 24, 2006.
- ↑ Peter Payer: "Get to work" . pdf, 2004, p. 2 f.
- ^ Sylvia Hahn, Georg Stöger: 50 years of the Austrian-Turkish recruitment agreement . P. 4 f.