Bremen cog
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The Bremer Kogge is the name given to the wreckage of a cog , dated 1380 , that was found off Bremen in 1962 . It is exhibited today in the German Maritime Museum in Bremerhaven , and there are three almost identical replicas of it.
The original cog
On October 8, 1962, construction workers came across a wreck hidden in the mud while port expansion work in the Weser in front of the Bremen district of Rablinghausen . A summoned archaeologist quickly established that it was the remains of a cog that was later dated to around 1380. This dating is based on a dendrochronological analysis of the annual rings of the oak wood from which the cog was built. Up to that point in time it was the only wreck of this type of ship preserved to this extent, which the scientists only knew from records of the Hanseatic League and from pictures, for example on seals. Due to the incomplete appearance of the ship, it is assumed that it was driven away from its construction site by flooding.
The larger parts were first measured and numbered on site and, after being salvaged, stored in large water tanks in a harbor shed to prevent the wood from drying and shrinking. In the summer of 1965, another search with the help of the diving bell ship Carl Straat uncovered a total of over 2,000 individual parts of the ship. These were also stored in water to prevent further decay. They were measured and cataloged. Subsequently, from 1972 onwards, they were reassembled as well as possible in the now completed cog hall of the DSM with constant sprinkling. It was possible to reconstruct the starboard side almost completely and the port side to about a third. The entire work was preserved in an 800,000 liter tank containing a mixture of water and polyethylene glycol . The water-soluble polymer should replace the water in the pores of the cog and prevent it from shrinking any further. After 18 years, the conservation process was completed in May 2000. Since then, the cog has been exhibited in the German Maritime Museum.
Replicas
Ubena from Bremen
In 1986 the first idea came up to construct a replica of the Bremen cog. After several talks and meetings, the Hanse-Koggewerft eV association was founded in the same year. V. In the following year, the first construction work began on a Schnürboden at the New Harbor in Bremerhaven . Under the supervision of the classification society Germanischer Lloyd, the plans of the German Maritime Museum were followed and the intention was to make a replica on a 1: 1 scale. On July 21, 1988, the keel was laid , which was committed with great participation by the population. On August 18, 1990, the launch of the ship named Ubena von Bremen was celebrated . On July 27, 1991, the cog started on its maiden voyage, which took it from Lübeck to Gdansk . Since it was probably the first cog to use this route in 600 years, it was accompanied by radio and television reporters on the entire route, which led to national interest among the population. Today the Ubena of Bremen has its berth in Bremerhaven's New Harbor.
The Ubena of Bremen has an overall length of 23.23 meters and a width of 7.62 meters. The deck is typically 3.14 meters above the waterline. The trunk sail has an area of up to 200 square meters, but can be extended by two bonnets (strips of fabric to enlarge the sail area), each 50 square meters in size. The 23.80 meter long mast has a maximum diameter of 0.65 meters. The volume of the hold of the cog is 160 cubic meters. With her cargo she has a draft of 2.25 meters. Without a charge, this is reduced by one meter. At the same time, 3,000 liters of fresh water, 3,000 liters of diesel oil and 2,500 liters of wastewater can be carried in several tanks. The diesel oil drives the machine - a Deutz MWM 234 with 272 kW (370 hp ) - and a power unit with 20 kW. As anchor leading Ubena of Bremen with a simple 300 kg heavy stock anchor. There are 16 berths on the ship, but a minimum crew of only four people is required for a trip. The cog replica travels 4,000 to 4,500 nautical miles annually , of which it normally covers around 1,200 under sail.
Hanse cog
The development of a second replica was soon discussed, which should have its home port on the Baltic Sea . The construction was carried out by the association Jugend in Arbeit Kiel e. V., who was supported by a site manager and two foremen. At the end of 1987 the rudder , the malls made of spruce wood , the capstan and the 4.5 meter long and 60 centimeter thick frying cap were completed. At the beginning of 1988 the actual construction of the cog began in a hall of the yacht and boat yard Rathje in Kiel- Friedrichsort . The oak planks used are just under 4.5 centimeters thick, 64 centimeters wide and up to nine meters long. A total of 56 cubic meters of oak were used, while larch wood was used for the 25-meter-high mast and the yard . 11,000 hand-forged V4a nails and around 1,600 wooden dowels were required. The construction phase was completed in 1991. The replica was christened the Hansekogge and got its anchorage in Kiel .
With a keel length of 15.60 meters, the cog has a total length of 23.27 meters. The width is 7.62 meters. Your ship deck is 3.14 meters above the water. There are twelve berths in the 150 cubic meter loading space. When fully loaded, the museum ship has a draft of 2.25 meters with a displacement of 84 tons. It has a main sail with an area of 100 square meters and three bonnets with 33 square meters each. On the first trips, the ten-person crew was surprised by the good maneuverability of the Hansekogge , which had previously been assessed as worse. A turning maneuver takes just under a minute. The replica can sail with half the wind and can reach speeds of up to nine knots . As an alternative to the sails, but also to support them, the ship has two diesel engines, the company Volvo Penta , the two pump jet of Schottel drive.
Two of the many trips the Hansekogge made should be emphasized: in 1991 it went to an international congress of ship archaeologists in the Viking Ship Museum in Roskilde . Three years later she went on a trip to Danzig , where she was allowed to dock in front of the crane gate .
Roland of Bremen
Since 1995 there have been considerations to build another replica of the Hanse cog, which should serve as Bremen's maritime landmark. The first plans were made by the Crafts and Training Cooperative Bremen e. V. , which also organized the financing. The sponsors were the Bremen Senate , the European Union and the Federal Employment Agency . Between July 1996 and May 2000, as part of an employment and training initiative, the Roland von Bremen was created in the dock of Bremer Bootsbau Vegesack (BBV) on the site of the former Bremer Vulkan , which was able to dock at the Schlachte in Bremen for the opening of Expo 2000 .
The Roland von Bremen has a length of 23.98 meters and a width of 7.18 meters. She has a displacement of 120 tons and a draft of 1.85 meters. The area of the trunk sail is 90 square meters. There are also three bonnets, each measuring 30 square meters. A MAN D2866 LXE40 with an output of 279 kilowatts served as the main drive and powered two Schottel pump jets, similar to the Hansekogge .
The mast of the ship and the fore stem were hydraulically foldable so that the cog could cross under river bridges. The ship was designed for a maximum of 80 people, with a minimum of four nautical crew members.
In May 2003, the Roland von Bremen eV association was formed with the aim of looking after the cog and ensuring that it undertakes long journeys and does not just lie idle at the anchorage. In 2005, Bremen 's application for the qualification for the European Capital of Culture 2010 was brought to Berlin on board the Roland von Bremen .
The ship was owned by the Halöver shipping company , which occasionally made trips of different lengths with it, including to Rostock and Cuxhaven . In the early morning hours of January 28, 2014, the Roland von Bremen sank at its berth on the Schlachte due to a defective sea valve. It was lifted again the following day and, due to its poor condition, sold for one euro to a non-profit organization, which is now trying to get the ship to float at least again without having to use the engine and approval.
See also
literature
- Siegfried Fliedner, Rosemarie Pohl-Weber : The Bremen cog . In: Booklets of the Focke Museum . No. 19 . Bremen 1968.
- Herbert Abel (Hrsg.): The Bremen Hanse-Kogge - A key to the history of shipping - find, conservation, research . Röver, Bremen 1969.
- Uwe Baykowski: The Kiel Hanse cog. The replica of a historical sailing ship from 1380. Kiel 1991. ISBN 3-924381-34-8 .
- Werner Lahn: The cog of Bremen. Components and construction process . With an abbreviated Engl. Version transl. by Judith Rosenthal. In: Writings of the German Maritime Museum . No. 30 . Kabel, Hamburg 1992, ISBN 3-8225-0186-7 .
- Peter Baumann: Adventure Hanse-Kogge. Log of a sea voyage into history. Stuttgart 1992. ISBN 3-421-06537-3 .
- The cog - great moment in German naval archeology . In: Gabriele Hoffmann, Uwe Schnall (Hrsg.): Writings of the German Maritime Museum . No. 60 . Convent Verlag, Hamburg 2003, ISBN 3-934613-50-0 .
- Gabriele Hoffmann: Precious cogs: Rare images from illuminated manuscripts and Gothic churches. In: Deutsches Schiffahrtsarchiv, 27, 2004, pp. 7–33.
- Per Hoffmann and Gabriele Hoffmann: Sailing with the Bremer Kogge . In: Yearbook of the Men of the Morning Star . No. 86 , 2007, pp. 249-271 .
- Hans-Walter Keweloh: The Bremen Hansekogge from 1380 in the German Maritime Museum - a century find - 50 years ago the Hansekogge was discovered in the Weser in Bremen . In: Niederdeutsches Heimatblatt . October 2012, No. 754 , 2012, p. 1–2 ( online version [PDF; 3.3 MB ]).
Web links
- The Hansekogge from 1380 at the German Maritime Museum
- www.hanse-koggewerft.de - the website of the Ubena from Bremen
- www.hansekogge.de - the website of the Hansekogge
- The rescue of the Hanse-Kogge, Radio Bremen, accessed May 8, 2015
Footnotes
- ↑ http://www.kreiszeitung.de/lokales/bremen/langzeitarbeitslose-sanieren-stark-beschaedigte-kogge-roland-bremen-5339775.html
Coordinates: 53 ° 32 ′ 23.8 " N , 8 ° 34 ′ 37.7" E