Stephaniviertel

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Eponymous Stephani Church
Sparkasse Bremen , at the transition from the center to the Stephaniviertel

The Stephaniviertel , also more rarely called Steffensstadt or Faulenquartier , forms the west of the Altstadt district in the Mitte district of Bremen . It is surrounded by ramparts in the west and north, the Bürgermeister-Smidt-Strasse in the east and the Weser in the south. The eastern border of the historic Steffenstadt corresponds to the streets Fangturm, Wenkenstraße and Hankenstraße, which roughly mark the course of the old Bremen city wall .

Lazy quarters

The Faulenstrasse towards Brill. Bamberger department store on the left, Radio Bremen's Stephani house on the right

The Faulenstraße crossed the Stephani quarter the Steffen city in east-west direction. It was connected to the free port area via Hafenstrasse . The Bremen folk tale writer Friedrich Wagenfeld settles his legend of the seven lazy people here. The day thieves are said to have built their houses on the lazy road they paved. Historically, however, the street name in the Middle Ages denotes a dirty, unpaved street.

history

Iron age

Next to the former gym of the demolished Stephanischule , where a wooden fortification was built in 1524, the Wichelnburg ('Weidenburg'), there was a coin of the tetrarch Maximianus Herculius from 305.

Emergence

When Bremen was still an unpaved market settlement, Archbishop Adalbert I founded a priory (here in the sense of a small monastery) of Saint Stephen in 1050 on a dune north-west of the settlement, which from then on was called mons sancti Stephani in Latin , Steffensberg in German . Ninety years later the urban settlement had expanded there, but the priory appeared to have perished. Archbishop Adalbert II commissioned the Willehadi chapter in 1139 to set up a parish for the west of the urban settlement and the nearby villages of Utbremen and Walle . The Stephanikirchspiel is the second oldest in Bremen's old town after the one that was later shared by St. Veit / Liebfrauen . The citizens of Bremen committed to building the church, of which parts of the west wall are probably still preserved. This first Stephanikirche burned down in the 13th century and was replaced by a larger one under Gerhard II , from which the choir and transept of the present day still come.

When Bremen was fortified in the middle of the 12th century , most of the Stephaniviertel was initially left outside, because the Kleine Belge, which flows into the Weser near its southeastern border, was difficult to wall over and at the same time offered a natural line of defense for the greater part of the urban settlement area.

After the Liebfrauensprengel was divided into three parishes in 1229, the Bremen council was elected in such a way that each of the four parish districts had the same number of councilors (mostly nine) and one of the four mayors.

Murtfeldt / Tischbein 1796 :
Road network still the same as around 1600: yellow = Faulenstrasse,
yellow-green = 1550 connections open to car traffic.
Gates replaced by classical guardhouses:
intensely colored = doorways,
pale = leading to the respective gates of roads,
red = the Natel , demolished in 1660,
adjacent to the Weser the new storehouse ,
strong pink = gateway of the medieval Stephanitors

The Stephaniviertel was only included in the city fortifications in the 14th century. There is evidence that construction began in 1307, when the “Stadtmure begundt umme sunte Steffens”. The new wall at Schwanengatt, the landside entry point of the small bellows, had a weak point. Therefore, the existing wall between the old town and Stephaniviertel, in the area of ​​the Fangturm, Hankenstraße to Jakobistraße, remained in place until the 16th century for security reasons. Both parts of the city were only connected by a gate, the Natel along Langenstrasse, which is still called Am Geeren in Stephanistadt today . There were also three narrow gates, even for pedestrians, the most famous of which is the Brill from Hutfilterstraße to Faulenstraße. Until 1471, “our stad muren” (the old wall) and the “stadmuren umme sunte Stephans” were mentioned separately in the Bremen city law and numerous other documents. On the other hand, as early as 1450, over a hundred years before the fall of the separating wall, the Kundige Rolle no longer differentiated between gates of the old and those of the new part of the outer wall. And as can also be seen from the representation of the Stephaniviertel in the council, its inhabitants had full citizenship, in contrast to those of the suburbs at St. Paul Monastery , St. Remberti Hospital and St. Michaelis .

In 1524 the Wichelnburg ('Weidenburg'), a wooden fortress was built to protect the exposed part of the city.

Consequences of industrialization, traffic lanes (mid-19th century to 1939)

With the construction of the Weserbahnhof and the railway line to Oldenburg , large parts of the Stephanibastion disappeared. The railway bridge began right next to the old Bremen poor house . Towards the end of the century, the Stephaniviertel was at the interface between the old town and the modern Bremen seaports with the adjacent workers' quarters in the west of Bremen . The dilapidated mostly late Gothic nave of the Stephan church was replaced by the Hanoverian architect Conrad Wilhelm Hase in 1890 with a neo-Romanesque basilica.

Before the Second World War, the Stephaniviertel was just as narrow and divided into small parts as the Schnoor quarter. The New Kornhaus from 1591 at the end of Langenstrasse , the tall packing houses and the small "Gaststätte zum Stephani" in Grossenstrasse , the old Focke Museum at the far end of the old quarter, the "Wichelnburg" on the Weser, the grocery store " AH Michael ” on the corner of Kleine Krummenstrasse / Stephanitorwall , the “ Krumme Viertel ” with its narrow streets, Police Station 5 in Knoopstrasse and the buildings of the Bremer Volkszeitung and the SPD party office between Geeren 6 to 8 and Weser.

Some of the old houses fell victim to urban redevelopment and road construction in the 1930s; this also included the old fisherman's house from 1650. With the third road bridge over the Weser in Bremen opened in 1936, the predecessor of today's Stephanibrücke , its eastern access cut through the blocks of houses near the Stephanitor.

Destruction in World War II and the post-war period

House of the Chamber of Architects , Geeren  41

The Stephaniviertel was almost completely destroyed in the air raids on Bremen , including St. Stephani and the Focke Museum. Few houses such as the magnificent gabled house from around 1625 Am Geeren 41, today the house of the Chamber of Architects , have been preserved.

The reconstruction of the quarter took place in the 1950s in a similar form and as in the neighboring suburb of Utbremen . Multi-family houses with four or more storeys and two-storey terraced houses were built, not of the Bremen house type . It is the largest residential area in the old town. During the reconstruction of the Stephanikirche, plans by Arthur Bothe from 1947 to 1959 , the silhouette was almost restored, as were the early Gothic parts in the east, but the nave was handed over to the parish while maintaining the exterior style, but without the south aisle, without vaults and with a different use of space.

The transition to the ports was cut off in the 1960s by the construction of a new elevated road ( Stephanibrücke , north-west traffic junction). As a result of this and the barrier effect of the main traffic axis on Bürgermeister-Smidt-Straße, the Stephaniviertel increasingly moved into a peripheral location in the following decades. Retail businesses migrated towards the center or closed. As a result of demographic change in Germany , the elementary school built in the 1970s was closed in 2007.

Structural change around the turn of the millennium

Bamberger department store

As part of the Überseestadt urban development project , the Stephaniviertel with Eduard-Schopf-Allee was once again given direct traffic connections to the port area, including by public transport . Pedestrians and cyclists can also reach Überseestadt via the newly developed Weser promenade. In order to revive and upgrade the Stephaniviertel, new businesses and facilities have been established. Radio Bremen moved there in 2007 and the adult education center moved to the Bamberger department store, which was built by Julius Bamberger from 1927 to 1928 and completely renovated in 2006 . The Stephaniviertel development concept (see literature) provides for further commercial settlements and a strengthening of residential use in the area. The development is being closely monitored by local companies and institutions.

structure

The street Am Wall is a main traffic axis with closed development mainly for residential purposes on the south side. The built-up area of ​​the Stephaniviertel ends here; to the north are the ramparts. The streets of Doventorstrasse , Faulenstrasse and Am Brill are busy and lined with commercial buildings, which often contain apartments on the upper floors. The houses in the streets on both sides of Faulenstrasse are also used for apartments and businesses. Around the Stephanikirche there is a quieter area with row houses and apartment buildings. The head office of the Sparkasse Bremen is located in a beautiful Art Nouveau building on Brill . The adjacent area is used by large service companies, particularly insurers and Deutsche Telekom.

Youth hostel Bremen

Various hotels and hostels, the Bremen Youth Hostel as the House of Youth in Kalkstrasse and the Seemannsheim offer overnight accommodation. Restaurants can often be found in the Stephaniviertel, with a focus on the Weser and Hankenstrasse.

The Schlachte with its extension to Überseestadt, the Focke-Garten and the ramparts invite you to stroll and linger.

On Fridays there is a farmers' market in the parking lot on Fangturm Street .

The August Münchhausen coffee roastery roasts coffee in the traditional long-term process in the drum roaster and offers guided tours.

The headquarters of the Bremen Adult Education Center in Bamberg offers not only educational opportunities, but also a panoramic view from the viewing platform on the ninth floor, which is accessible during opening hours. On the way back you can use the stairwell and visit the permanent exhibition Bamberger - On the trail of an eventful life .

Due to the reduced number of members of the evangelical parish of St. Stephani, the small church service room in the north aisle of the church offers sufficient space. In order to make appropriate use of the large church with a nave, crossing and organ loft, the cultural church of St. Stephen was created in 2007 as a project of the Bremen Evangelical Church with a diverse cultural program.

The Bremer Seemannsmission in Straße Jippen was located in the Stephaniviertel until 2017. A residential construction project is currently being built on this property in the middle of the district.

Tram lines 2 and 3 and bus line 25 run through Faulenstraße with the stops Radio Bremen / Volkshochschule and Am Brill . The bus line 20 drives the street Am Wall with the stops Am Wall and Doventorstraße . The Am Wall and Am Brill stops are served by other bus and tram lines.

Buildings

Monuments

literature

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ See literature: Schwarzwälder, page 248; Kloos / Thiel, page 104.
  2. ↑ a b The Stephaniviertel - Behind the Wall. (No longer available online.) Digitales-heimatmuseum.de, archived from the original on September 7, 2015 ; accessed on May 12, 2014 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.  @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.digitales-heimatmuseum.de
  3. ^ Dieter Bischop : Potters in front of the Wichelnburg , in: Archeology in Germany 01 | 2017, p. 41 f., Here: p. 42.
  4. ↑ Bremer Urkundenbuch, entry no.20 (Adam von Bremen, lib. III, cap. 9, in Mon. Germ. VII, p. 388)
  5. ↑ Bremen document book August 27, 1139 : Archbishop Adalbero (II.) Relocates the Wilhadikapitel to the Stephaniberg and grants the church, which the citizens of Bremen have promised to build there, the parish right within the city for all citizens who live from the Elverici house to Stephaniberg, as well as for the villages of Utbremen and Walle.
  6. ^ Dieter Bischop : Potters in front of the Wichelnburg , in: Archeology in Germany 01 | 2017, p. 41 f., Here: p. 41.
  7. ↑ Bombs on Stephaniviertel and Bahnhofsvorstadt. spurensuche-bremen.de, accessed on May 12, 2014 .
  8. ^ Location community Stephani eV stephani-bremen.de, accessed on May 14, 2014 .
  9. ↑ Fangturm farmers' market. (No longer available online.) Grossmarkt-bremen.de, archived from the original on May 15, 2014 ; accessed on May 14, 2014 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.grossmarkt-bremen.de
  10. ↑ Münchhausen coffee roastery, guided tours. muenchhausen-kaffee.de, accessed on May 14, 2014 .
  11. ↑ Kulturkirche St. Stephani, program. Kulturkirche-bremen.de, accessed on May 14, 2014 .
  12. ↑ Seafarer's Mission. seemannsheim-bremen.de, accessed on May 14, 2014 .

Web links

Commons : Stephaniviertel (Bremen)  - Collection of images, videos and audio files
Commons : Faulenstraße (Bremen)  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Coordinates: 53 ° 4 ′ 50 "  N , 8 ° 47 ′ 49"  E