Miron Cristea
Miron Cristea or Christea (* July 18 and July 20, 1868 in Toplița , Transylvania , Austria-Hungary ; † March 6, 1939 in Bucharest , Romania and Cannes , France ), actually Ilie or Elie Gheorghe Cristea , was a Romanian patriarch and politician.
From 1887 Cristea studied theology first in Sibiu , then philosophy in Bucharest and after his doctorate in 1895 worked for the archbishop's consistory in Sibiu. Under the name Miron he entered the monastery Hodoş-Bodrog in 1902 and was elected (and consecrated) Bishop of Caransebeş in the Banat in 1909 and 1910 respectively . After the First World War , at the end of 1918, he promoted the connection of Transylvania (and the Banat) to Romania, took part in the Union Assembly of Alba Iulia and was sent to Bucharest as a representative of this assembly. After the Anschluss, Cristea was elected Archbishop of Bucharest and Metropolitan of Wallachia and Primate of the whole of Greater Romania in 1919 , and as such was chairman of the National Council of Churches. Since 1919 he was also a member of the Romanian Academy . A resolution of the Holy Synod or the Parliament promoted him to the first Patriarch of the Romanian Orthodox Church in 1925 . Appointed to the Regency Council by King Ferdinand I in 1926, after Ferdinand's death, Cristea took over the reign of Ferdinand's underage grandson Mihai I from July 1927 together with Prince Nicolae and Gheorghe Buzdugan († 1929, then Constantin Sărăţeanu) , before Mihai I's father in June 1930 Carol II became king himself.
In order to prevent the increasingly popular Iron Guard from seizing power after years of power struggles between national liberal, conservative and fascist parties , the king deposed the clerical-fascist government of Octavian Goga in February 1938 , the democratic constitution was suspended and the upcoming parliamentary elections were suspended . Carol II established a royal dictatorship and replaced the lack of parliamentary-democratic legitimation with religious legitimation by appointing Patriarch Cristea as the new Prime Minister in February. Cristea issued on 27 February 1938, new authoritarian constitution, which endowed the king with dictatorial powers and he created Front of National Rebirth made (Frontul Renasterii national) as the only legal party. As Prime Minister, Cristea strove for the unity of church and state, continued the anti-Semitic measures enacted by his predecessor and increasingly leaned on the German Reich. Until his death, Cristea was also chairman of the privy council created by the king.
Web links
- Newspaper article about Miron Cristea in the 20th century press kit of the ZBW - Leibniz Information Center for Economics .
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c d e f dtv-Lexikon, Volume 3, page 136 (Christea, Miron) . Deutscher Taschenbuchverlag, Munich 1971
- ↑ a b Golo Mann (ed.): Propylaen Weltgeschichte , ninth volume, page 656. Propyläen Verlag, Berlin / Frankfurt 1986
- ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l Biographical lexicon on the history of Southeast Europe: Cristea, Miron
- ↑ a b c d e f britannica.com : Miron Cristea
- ↑ a b c d e f Enciclopedia Identitatii Romanesti Personalitati 2011 , page 230: Cristea, Miron
- ↑ a b c d e f rulers.org: Cristea, Miron
See also
| personal data | |
|---|---|
| SURNAME | Cristea, Miron |
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES | Cristea, Ilie; Cristea, Elie Gheorghe; Christea, Miron |
| BRIEF DESCRIPTION | Romanian patriarch and politician |
| DATE OF BIRTH | July 18, 1868 or July 20, 1868 |
| PLACE OF BIRTH | Toplița |
| DATE OF DEATH | March 6, 1939 |
| Place of death | Cannes |