Huang Xianfan

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Huang Xianfan 1932

Huang Xianfan ( Chinese  黃 現 璠  /  黄 现 璠 ; born November 13, 1899 in Fusui , Guangxi ; † January 18, 1982 in Guilin , Guangxi) from the Zhuang people , was a Chinese historian , ethnologist , folklorist , anthropologist and educator .

Life

Study time

Huang Xianfan came from a farming family in circle Fusui the prefecture-level city Chongzuo in today's autonomous region of Guangxi Zhuang . Huang grew up in an area that shaped him and his beliefs. As a child, he was an avid reader and was primarily interested in history. He is said to have read Sima Qian's Shi Ji three times by the age of seven . He attended elementary school in Quli community and then high school in Xinyu, the capital of Fusui. After graduating from high school, he studied classical Chinese, history, literature, and philosophy at the Guangxi Third Pedagogical School from 1922 to 1926, and deepened his knowledge of the history of the Zhuang nationality. During this time he wrote smaller tracts on historical subjects. From 1926 to 1935 he studied history, palaeography and classical Chinese phonology at the Beijing Pedagogical University . Here he was strongly influenced by Chen Yuan ( Chinese 陈垣 ) and Qian Xuantong ( 钱玄同 ). During his time in Beijing, he joined the Tao Xisheng ( 陶希圣 ) district and was friends with Xiao Yishan ( 萧 一山 ) and Tan Qixiang ( 谭 其 骧 ). In 1932 he founded the Beilei company. In 1934 he founded the Beijing History Society with his school friend Tan Qixiang and others. In Beijing he devoted himself to historical studies and published several works from 1932 to 1935, including a three-volume history of China and a work on the life of peasants in the Yuan dynasty .  

From 1935 to 1937 he studied folklore , ethnology , linguistics and Japanese history at the Imperial University of Tokyo . His teachers included the historian Wada Sei ( Japanese. 和田 清 ) as well as the practical economist Katō Shigeshi (Japanese. 加藤 繁 ). In addition to writing history, he devoted himself to archaeological lectures, especially those of Harada Yoshito (Japanese 原田 淑 人 ). He formed a discussion group with fellow students and published several papers from 1936 to 1937, including a social history of the Tang Dynasty and a paper on the patriotic activities of students in the Song Dynasty .

During his time in Tokyo, Huang joined the circle around Shiratori Kurakichi (Japanese 白鳥 庫 吉 ) and was friends with Tsuda Soukichi (Japanese 津 田 左右 吉 ) and Guo Moruo ( 郭沫若 ).

career

In 1937, Huang Xianfan returned to China and began teaching, initially at high schools in Nanning . In 1938 he became a lecturer in Chinese history at Guangxi University ; In 1940 he was appointed adjunct professor. There he taught history and folklore and looked after the school reading club. In 1941 he became a professor of ancient Chinese history at Sun Yatsen University in Guangzhou , where he taught from 1941 to 1942. In the same year he began an extensive investigation of ethnic minorities and thus became - after Cai Yuanpei , Li Ji , Rui Yifu , Wu Zelin , Pan Guangdan , Lü Zhenyu , Li Anzhai , Wu Wenzao , Lin Huixiang and Ling Chunsheng - one of the early representatives of one modern chinese ethnology . In addition to his work in the school service, he continued his ethnographic research.

During the Second Sino-Japanese War , he was involved in anti-Japanese propaganda with friends and fellow professors Luo Xianglin ( 罗香林 ) and Yang Chengzhi ( 杨 成 志 ).

In 1944 he was appointed professor of Chinese classical philology at Guangxi University, where he taught from 1944 to 1953. He then taught classical philology and ancient history at the Guangxi Pedagogical University from 1953 to 1982. At the same time he continued to devote himself intensively to ethnological research. He published a series of studies on the history of ethnic minorities , wrote on mythology and superstition, researched manners and customs, and collected data in the sense of oral history . Huang Xianfan died on January 18, 1982 in Guilin .

pedagogy

Huang Xianfan has looked after a handsome number of students for four decades, including many later university professors.

In 1932 he became a member of the Pedagogical Research Association of the Beijing Pedagogical University . In 1942 he became an employee at the Guangxi Education Institute and began his work as an educational reformer.

In 1981, he founded the Lijiang Private Evening School in Guilin . As its rector, he was involved in the development of curricula and in promoting talented students. A follower of the theories of his contemporary, the Chinese educator and founder of Chinese ethnology, Cai Yuanpei ( 蔡元培 ), he believed in the possibility of continuous improvement for humanity and was convinced that nothing would be of such great moral, intellectual and material use like sustainable education.

research

Historiography

As a professor of history, he devoted himself to the history of ancient Chinese and the peoples of China , especially the Zhuang . His research focus was on the study of folk culture, the oracle bones , narrative research, the Dong Son culture , regional studies and cultural and social history. Huang Xianfan's most effective work is the history of China, the several volumes of which were published between 1932 and 1934. It is one of the standard works of Chinese historiography. In the last years of his life, Huang Xianfan was mainly active as a journalist and wrote several comprehensive works on the history of the Zhuang.

Ethnology and anthropology

Huang Xianfan worked in ethnology mainly on Guangxi's culture, religion, languages ​​and population development. His first field research took him to Longsheng in 1940 and to the Dong people in Sanjiang County in 1943 .

From 1950 to 1953 he conducted field research in Donglan , Tian'e , Fengshan , Pingguo , Tianlin , Longlin , Luocheng , Bama and Dahua counties . He gathered information from oral traditions and contradicted the evolutionism of Lewis Henry Morgan . He did research with the Yao , Mulam and Gelao . From his studies there he believed he could deduce the inaccuracy of Morgan's theories.

As a supporter of the theories of the American anthropologist Franz Boas , Huang advocated cultural relativism. He believed that every national culture (culture of an ethnic group) is relative and can only be understood from within. He developed a historical nationalism: every culture of an ethnic group has its own history and development and one should not try to formulate a general law of cultural development.

Huang is considered to be the founder of the Bagui School ( 八桂 学派 ), the first ethnological school in China founded by members of an ethnic minority , and one of the leading figures in post-war Chinese ethnology .

Zhuangology

Huang Xianfan became known as the founder of Zhuangology , a new science in China. Huang and his disciples (such as Huang Zengqing and Zhang Yiming) had an important influence on Chinese ethnology. Huang spoke English , Japanese , Yao , Dong and various Chinese dialects . He achieved fame through his field research with the Zhuang.

Huang Xianfan published numerous books on history, ethnology, anthropology, folklore, linguistics and made a significant contribution to the study of the Zhuang. In 1957 he published the Guangxi Zhuangzu jianshi (广西 僮 族 简史 'Short History of the Zhuang in Guangxi), the most important historical work on the Zhuang up to that time. Huang became the leading authority on zhuangology in China and is also considered its father.

His estate is gradually being published by his students, including Nong Zhigao , Zhuangzu tongshi and Wei Baqun pingzhuan .

Focus of work

After 1949 he was a member of the National People's Congress and the CPPCC . During the Hundred Flower Movement , he was classified as a right wing and was not rehabilitated until 1979.

In 1980, Huang Xianfan co-founded the "Chinese Ethnological Society" and also a member of the "Chinese Society for Dong Son Culture " and the "Research Society for the Nationalities of Southwest China". He also served as president of the Chinese Society for the Study of the History of the Hundred Yue Peoples in 1980 and 1981 .

Works (selection)

  • Zhongguo tongshi gangyao ( 中国 通史 纲要 ). Beijing 1932-34.
  • Huang Xianfan, Huang Zengqing, Zhang Yimin ( 黃 現 璠, 黃增慶, 張一民 編著 ): Zhuangzu tongshi ( Chinese  壯族 通史 ). Nanning 1988. ISBN 7-5363-0422-6 .
  • Wei Baqun pingzhuan ( 韦 拔群 评 传 ). Guilin 2008. ISBN 978-7-5633-7656-8 .

bibliography

  • Chen Jisheng 陈吉生: 试论 壮族 著名 史学 家 黄 现 璠 对 20 世纪 中国 “新 史学” 实践 与 建设 的 贡献Shilun Zhuangzu zhuming shixue jia Huang Xianfan dui 20 shiji Zhongguo 'Xin Shixue' shijian yu jianshe de gongxian (try on the gongxian of the famous historian of the Zhuang nationality, Huang Xianfan, for the realization and establishment of a 'New History Research' of China in the 20th century). In: 广西 民族 研究Guangxi minzu yanjiu (Nationality Research Guangxi), Nanning 2007, Issue 1, pp. 80-104. ISSN  1004-454X .

Individual evidence

  1. Huang Xianfan: One of the co-founders of modern ethnology in China
  2. a b Yang Xiong: Huang Xianfan. Literature Biography, 1 Vols., Taipei 1998, pp. 69-73.
  3. Chinese anthropologist: Huang Xianfan
  4. Chen Ji Shen. Bagui school. Nanning: Social Sciences in Guangxi, 7-11 Vols., 2008. ISSN  1004-6917
  5. Pan Rongcai: Huang Xianfan and History of the Zhuang. Guangxi Cultural History, 2 Vols., Nanning 2002, pp. 19–22.
  6. Mo Jun: Father of Zhuangology: Huang Xianfan. Guangxi Daily, Nanning March 9, 2002.
  7. Father of Zhuangology: Huang Xianfan ( Memento of the original from September 5, 2011 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.  @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.zhuangzu.nev.cn

Web links

Commons : Huang Xianfan  - collection of pictures, videos and audio files