Yandangshan

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Yandangshan
雁荡山
Rock formation in Yandangshan

Rock formation in Yandangshan

height 1150  m
location Zhejiang , People's Republic of China
Coordinates 28 ° 24 ′ 0 ″  N , 121 ° 6 ′ 0 ″  E Coordinates: 28 ° 24 ′ 0 ″  N , 121 ° 6 ′ 0 ″  E
Yandangshan (China)
Yandangshan
Type Rock peaks
rock granite
Age of the rock 100–120 million years

The Yandang ( Chinese  雁蕩山  /  雁荡山 , Pinyin Yandang Shān ) or Yandang Mountains , Chinese often abbreviated Yanshan ( 雁山 ) is a massif in the Chinese coastal province of Zhejiang . It is part of the 294.6 km² Yandangshan National Park.

description

The Yandangshan is predominantly in the northeast of the district-free city of Yueqing of the district-free city of Wenzhou in the southeast of Zhejiang. Foothills extend to the northwest of that location independent city of Wenling and the eastern county Yongjia . The core area of ​​the mountains covers about 295 km² and can be divided into an eastern, a central and a western part. The main attractions are in the middle part. The highest point is the 1150 m high Baigangjian ( 百 岗 尖 , Bǎigàng jiān ). There are several neighboring peaks of similar height and the neighboring mountains Baigangjian , Yanhujian ( 雁湖 尖 , Yànhú jiān ), Lingyunjian ( 凌云 尖 , Língyún jiān ) and Wuyanjian ( 乌 岩 尖 , Wūyán jiān ) are considered "the four Yandang peaks" ( 雁荡 四 尖 ). World icon World icon

The mountains are of volcanic origin and emerged from a large caldera in the Cretaceous period about 120 to 100 million years ago. The volcanic activity resulted from the subduction of the earlier Izanagi plate under the Eurasian plate . What remained was a rhyolite rock massif, which was gradually transformed in the following millions of years, primarily through erosion processes, and which finally assumed its present form. This is extremely varied and here you will find rock plateaus with picturesque views, steep rock faces, deep gorges or crevices, pointed rock needles, caves, rock bridges, waterfalls, etc. The volcanic activity has continued into the most recent geological times. There have been four prolonged periods of activity and several dozen eruptions over the past 20,000 years.

View in Yandangshan
Xiansheng ( 显 胜 门 ) - the " gate of heaven"
Lingfeng, the "ghost tip"
Lingyan - the "ghost rock"
Dalongqiu - the "Great Dragon" waterfall

Climate and flora

Climatically, the Yandangshan is characterized by a temperate subtropical oceanic monsoon climate. The annual mean temperature is 17.5 ° C, the annual precipitation is over 1700 mm and the mean air humidity is around 77%. In the Yandangshan three different vegetation landscapes can be distinguished: forest, water and wetlands, as well as the oceanic influenced non-forested land. The mountains lie in a transition zone between the southern and central subtropical flora and have a high biodiversity. 1248 species of seed plants from 160 plant families have been described. Many of them are endangered, including Machilus minutiloba , Japanese cake tree , Psilotum nudum , Semiliquidambar cathayensis , wild soybean and Strobilanthes sarcorrhiza . Some species, such as Machilus minutiloba , are endemic here or were first identified as a separate species based on specimens found , for example Carex yandangshanica from the genus of sedges in 2005.

Cultural meaning

The cultural discovery of Yandangshan began during the time of the Southern and Northern Dynasties (420 to 581). Since the Tang Dynasty (617/18 to 907) and Song Dynasty (960 to 1279) times, Yandangshan's aesthetics and atmosphere have inspired and impressed visitors. The multifaceted nature of Yandangshan aroused a multitude of associations and feelings in visitors. It appeared spiritual, beautiful, sublime, mysterious, magnificent, elegant, closed and almost impossible to grasp. Scholars and intellectuals such as Xie Lingyun , Guanxiu , Shen Kuo , Xu Xiake , Kang Youwei , Pan Tianshou , Yu Dafu , Guo Moruo , Deng Tuo and Shu Ting dealt with Yandangshan in a literary or literary way. In 1074, the 7th year of the reign of Emperor Song Shenzong , the scholar Shen Kuo visited Yandangshan and suggested that the bizarre rocky landscape was created by the effects of erosion. At the time of the Northern Song Dynasty there were the well-known "18 old temples", as well as 16 pavilions and 20 courtyards. In 1632, the Chinese geographer and travel writer Xu Xiake toured the Yandangshan and wrote a well-known travelogue. From him the saying has come down that only heavenly beings would be able to grasp the multitude of miracles to be found here.

More recently, 21 temples, 6 Daoist temples, 11 nunneries, 3 halls, 10 monasteries, 22 pavilions and other religious buildings have been counted in the area of ​​Yandangshan.

tourism

Yandangshan offers more than 500 viewpoints and is often divided into "8 landscapes" or "8 views". The most famous of these are the Lingfeng Peak ( 靈峰  /  灵峰 , Língfēng  - "ghost peak "), the Lingyan Rock ( 靈巖  /  灵岩 , Língyán  - "ghost rock ") and the Dalongqiu Waterfall ( 大 龍 湫  /  大龙 湫 , Dàlóngqiū  - "Big Dragon Pool "), which is the highest waterfall in China with a height of 192 meters. These three are known as "the three perfections" of Yandangshan ( 雁荡 三绝 , Yàndàng sān jué ).

World geopark and nomination for UNESCO World Heritage

On February 11, 2005, a 294.6 km² area around the Yandangshan was designated a World Geopark by UNESCO . On 29 November 2001, the Yandang was also in the tentative list of UNESCO World Heritage added

Web links

Commons : Yandangshan  - collection of pictures, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Mount Yandang - National Park of China. NationalParkOfChina.com, accessed October 13, 2019 .
  2. ^ Yandang Mountain World Geopark. absolutechinatours.com, accessed October 13, 2019 .
  3. ↑ a b Yu Ran: Zhejiang Special: Lakes and mountains surround economic hub. China Daily, July 1, 2011, accessed November 27, 2019 .
  4. ↑ a b c d Yandang Mountain. Zhejiang Province Culture and Tourism Department, accessed October 13, 2019 .
  5. ↑ Thomas H. Hahn: Formalized wild space - Chinese mountains and their descriptions (shanzhi) . Chapter 2: The example of Zhejiang province - mountains and texts, doi : 10.11588 / heidok.00007287 , urn : nbn: de: bsz: 16-opus-72876 ( online ).
  6. ↑ a b c d Yandang Mountain. UNESCO website, accessed October 13, 2019 .
  7. ↑ Yandang Mountain. china.org.cn, June 30, 2010, accessed November 12, 2019 .
  8. ↑ Yandangshan World Geopark in Zhejiang Province. chinareise.com, accessed November 12, 2019 .
  9. ↑ Xiao-Feng Jin, Chao-Zong Zheng: Carex yandangshanica sp. nov. (Cyperaceae; C. sect. Rhomboidales ) from Zhejiang, China . In: Nordic Journal of Botany . tape 28 , no. 6 , August 12, 2010, p. 709-712 , doi : 10.1111 / j.1756-1051.2010.00817.x (English).
  10. ↑ Scenic introduction. en.wzyds.com (Yandangshan Tourism Authority in Wenzhou), accessed October 13, 2019 .
  11. ↑ Yong Ma, Hongxia Su, Qian Jin, Wei Feng, Jianuo Liu, Wenying Huang: The General History Of Chinese Tourism Culture . SCPG Publishing Corporation, New York 2016, ISBN 978-1-938368-39-4 , pp. 220 (English).
  12. ↑ Yandang Mountain. en.chinaculture.org, September 2003, accessed on November 28, 2019 .
  13. ↑ Yong Ma, Hongxia Su, Qian Jin, Wei Feng, Jianuo Liu, Wenying Huang: The General History Of Chinese Tourism Culture . SCPG Publishing Corporation, New York 2016, ISBN 978-1-938368-39-4 , pp. 284 (English).
  14. ↑ For a long time the geographer Xu Xiake was only valued as a man of letters. China Radio International (CRI), December 28, 2006, accessed November 28, 2019 .
  15. ^ Yandang Mountain Scenic Area. MyWenzhou.com, accessed November 28, 2019 .
  16. ^ Li Qian: Peculiar peaks of Yandang Mountain. ShanghaiDaily.com, November 15, 2015, accessed November 28, 2019 .
  17. ↑ 管理员 (administrator): Wenzhou Yandang Mountain. Wenzhou University website, September 9, 2017, accessed October 13, 2019 .
  18. ↑ Yandangshan Geopark. Global Geoparks Network, accessed November 28, 2019 .
  19. ↑ Yandangshan World Geopark in Zhejiang Province. china.org.cn, accessed October 13, 2019 .