Typhoon Saomai (2006)

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Typhoon Saomai
Typhoon ( JMA )
Category 5 Typhoon ( SSHWS )
Saomai before landfall on the coast of China
Saomai before landfall on the coast of China
Emergence 4th of August
resolution August 11th
Peak wind
speed
195  km / h (120  mph ) (10 minutes sustained)
260  km / h (160  mph ) (sustained for 1 minute)
Lowest air pressure 925  hPa ( mbar )
dead total 458
Property damage US $ 2.5 billion (2006)
Affected
areas 		Mariana Islands , Philippines , Taiwan , Southeast China
Season overview:
Pacific typhoon season 2006

Typhoon Saomai ( Saomai is Vietnamese for the planet Venus ) was the eighth typhoon of the 2006 Pacific typhoon season , shortly after Typhoon Prapiroon . It was classified as a Category 5 typhoon ( super typhoon ) on the five-point Saffir-Simpson hurricane wind scale . It was the worst typhoon in China in 50 years.

On August 10, 2006, the typhoon reached mainland China south of Shanghai in Zhejiang Province . It reached the mainland with wind speeds of up to 270 km / h. Previously, around 999,000 people in Zhejiang and 570,000 people in Fujian Province had been evacuated . In addition, 44,000 ships were ordered into the ports . The storm subsided over land and was downgraded to a tropical depression on August 13th. At least 295 people died in the storm, with 94 more missing on August 15. The storm destroyed about 50,000 homes and taught estimated damage of 1.1 billion US dollars to.

course

Saomai Railway

On July 31, a tropical disturbance formed east of Chuuk , which over the next few days moved northwest and grew steadily in organization. The Joint Typhoon Warning Center (JTWC) issued a Tropical Cyclone Formation Alert on the system on August 4th . A few hours later, on the same day, it was classified as a tropical depression by the JTWC and the Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA). On August 5th, the system intensified into a tropical storm, which the JMA named Saomai .

Saomai continued his migration route to the northwest and crossed the Mariana Islands on August 6, during which the storm intensified further so that the JMA upgraded the storm to a severe tropical storm during the day. The storm then began to organize and intensify more quickly and turned into a typhoon early on August 7th. Saomai moved to PAGASA's area of ​​responsibility on August 8 and was given the local name Juan . Due to the proximity of Typhoon Saomai to tropical storm Bopha not far from Taiwan , the Fujiwhara effect caused the Saomai train path to be deflected slightly south and brought the system to the rear of Bopha under the influence of humid southwest monsoonal air currents.

Saomai peaked just north of Miyakojima late on August 9th . According to the JMA estimates, the typhoon reached ten-minute wind speeds of 195 km / h and a central air pressure of 925 hPa. The JTWC classified Saomai as a much stronger system than a super typhoon equivalent to category 5 on the Saffir-Simpson hurricane wind scale with continuous one-minute wind speeds of 260 km / h and a central air pressure of 898 hPa. There are also, albeit less significant, differences between the various warning centers for China. Both the China Meteorological Administration (CMA) and the Hong Kong Observatory (HKO) assessed the typhoon somewhat more strongly than the JMA, namely with continuous ten-minute wind speeds of 215 km / h and 210 km / h and a central minimum air pressure of 915 hPa; or 920 hPa.

After the typhoon passed Okinawa to the south , Saomai swung more westward and grazed the north coast of Taiwan early on August 10th. The typhoon maintained its intensity up to 80 km off the east coast of China. On August 10, Typhoon Saomai came across the land in Cangnan County, south of Zhejiang, with a small but clear eye. According to the CMA, the landfall took place with maximum sustained wind speeds of 216 km / h and a minimum central air pressure of 920 hPa. In terms of wind speed, Saomai was just as strong as Typhoon Marge 1973 as the strongest typhoon to hit mainland China; Because Saomai had a lower central air pressure at landfall than the margin, the CMA considers Saomai to be the strongest typhoon to hit the country, a centenary event . Saomai was therefore the strongest typhoon to hit Zhejiang, eliminating the previous record set by typhoons Rananim in 2004 and Khanun in 2005. The wind force estimates for early typhoons, however, may be inaccurate or inaccurate. On the way overland, Saomai steadily weakened and weakened to low pressure on August 11th and dissolved a few hours later.

Preparations

Tropical Storm Bopha (left) and Typhoon Saomai (right) on August 9th

The United States' National Weather Service issued a tropical storm warning for Guam on August 6 as Saomai approached the island. The military bases in Noren Guams prepared for one-minute winds of 50 knots or more within twelve hours; for the rest of the island these conditions were expected within 24 hours. Several military facilities were temporarily closed as a result. The Central Weather Bureau of the Republic of China were for areas in northern Taiwan from Taifunwarnungen, when Saomais outer bands approached. The warnings had been adapted from the still valid warnings about the tropical storm Bopha , which had hit southern Taiwan the day before. Five flights were canceled in Taiwan and there were also restrictions on ferry connections.

In the People's Republic of China , around a million Zhejiang residents and another 710,000 Fujian residents were evacuated prior to the landfall . Over 20,000 soldiers and police officers were mobilized to help with rescuing people and cleaning up.

According to the authorities, 10,286 fishing boats with 35,282 fishermen were ordered back to their ports in Fujian and another 5638 fishing boats were ordered back to ports in Zhejiang. In addition, all around 26,800 schools in Fujian were closed. The Wenzhou city ​​government ordered all shops to close and prepare for the storm. The airlines canceled 25 flights at Fuzhou Changle International Airport and another 17 from Hong Kong, including ferry traffic. During the storm, Wenzhou Longwan International Airport was closed and hundreds of travelers were stranded.

Effects

Mariana Islands and Philippines, Taiwan and Okinawa

Typhoon Saomai during the highest intensity on August 9th

During the night from August 5th to 6th, the tropical storm Saomai moved through the southern Mariana Islands in such a way that the center passed halfway between Guam and Rota . Because of the relatively rapid forward movement of the storm, the effects on the Mariana Islands were small. Rota received the strongest winds, with peak gusts of 88 km / h and continuous one-minute winds of 55 km / h at Rota International Airport . Weaker winds have been observed on Guam. A top gust of 61 km / h was measured at Andersen Air Force Base . The wind field reached north to Tinian and Saipan . Light to moderate rain accompanied the storm, and rainfall was generally less than 75 mm; under monsoonal influence on the south side of Saomai fell up to 115 mm. The property damage caused by the passage of the storm was minor and was limited to fallen trees and torn down power lines on Guam, which is why the power went out in Barrigada and Chalan Pago . Overall, property damage in the region was estimated at $ 5,000 .

As with Tropical Storm Bilis a month later, Saomai's outer rainbands affected areas of the Philippines. Here over 400 homes were destroyed by storm surge and two people were killed. At least seven people were missing after the typhoon passed through.

The core of the typhoon passed north of Taiwan, but heavy rain and wind reached the island and disrupted air traffic to and from Taipei . However, there was no reported property damage or personal injury.

When the typhoon was near Okinawa, Saomai grazed the southern Ryūkyū Islands . Wind gusts in the region reached their highest value at 72 km / h on Shimoji-shima . Miyakojima reported the heaviest rainfall in Japan, with a total of 52mm. Waves up to 10 m high caused property damage of ¥ 980,000  (around $ 8,500 USD ) in road damage.

People's Republic of China

TRMM satellite image showing the distribution of precipitation within the typhoon when it landed

Saomai was the third in a series of deadly storms to hit the People's Republic of China in the summer of 2006 after the effects of Tropical Storm Bilis killed over 600 people in July 2006 and around 80 people died in Typhoon Prapiroon in early August. Saomai was the sixth tropical cyclone to hit the country in 2006. When the storm landed in Zhejiang Province , Saomai generated high waves, gusty winds, and heavy rain. Cangnan County in Wenzhou Province reported 30mm of rainfall in just one hour and 300mm in 12 hours. Inland Jiangxi Province fell 200 mm of rainfall, with a peak of 105 mm in the Linchuan District within an hour . The storm broke several wind records in eastern China. A weather station in Cangnan County reported peak gusts of 245 km / h and a weather station in Fuding 273 km / h, which are the highest measured wind speeds in the provinces of Zhejiang and Fujian. (The latter is slightly below the 284 km / h recorded in Hong Kong during Typhoon Wanda in 1962. ) Fuding City also reported gusts of more than 144 km / h over a period of about three hours and came out of Zhejiang and Fujian widespread typhoon winds reported, with winds reaching a wind field of 216 km / h with a diameter of 45 km.

Along its path, Saomai destroyed around 54,000 buildings and widely cut off the power supply. A total of 61,277 rooms were destroyed and another 371,147 damaged. Most of the damaged buildings were largely masonry houses; newer buildings performed better due to higher construction standards. The typhoon damaged 244,900 hectares of agricultural land, mostly in Jiangxi. Saomai hit a poorly developed area of ​​the People's Republic of China, which limits insured property damage to approximately ¥ 400–500 million ( renminbi , around $ 50–63 million), about four to nine percent of total property damage, which is ¥ 11.66 billion ( $ 1.5 billion). In total, at least 441 people were killed as a result of the impact of Saomai, although unofficial sources put around 1,000 victims.

The storm caused power cuts in almost all of Zhejiang Province and about half of communications links were cut. The authorities declared a state of emergency because of the severe damage. In Wenzhou, more than 18,000 homes were destroyed and more than 213,000 people lost access to safe drinking water. 193 residents of Wenzhou were killed. In Cangnan County, the typhoon damaged 450 schools with property damage of ¥ 25 million (US $ 3.1 million). The heavy rain flooded 56 provincial roads and highways. Six people were killed in a landslide in Lishui . Overall, property damage in Zhejiang totaled ¥ 4.9 billion (US $ 610 million), including ¥ 4.5 billion (US $ 560 million) in Wenzhou.

Around 1,000 fishing boats were destroyed in Fuding . Most of the ships were lost in Shacheng Village, where an additional half of the residents were left homeless . Some villages were completely razed to the ground by wind and rain. Strong winds and heavy rain only destroyed 32,700 houses in Fuding, another 80,000 were damaged. The economic damage totaled ¥ 3.1 billion (USD 388 million); About two hundred people were killed in Fuding by the effects of the storm. Saomai also destroyed the roof tiles and the gatehouse of the ancient Ziguo Temple, built in 860. The monks had gone to safety and property damage to the building was estimated at ¥ 5 million (US $ 625,000). In Fuzhou , also in Fujian Province, property damage totaled ¥ 200 million (USD 25 million). A total of 234 factories or mining operations in the province were forced to shut down because of the typhoon. The total economic damage in Fujian was estimated at 6.4 billion yen (795 million US dollars).

About a month after Typhoon Kaemi hit the region, Saomai caused further flooding in inland Jiangxi Province. Six dams were damaged, causing property damage of ¥ 348 million (US $ 45 million). About 35,000 people in the province were forced to leave their homes because of the storm. One person was swept away by the flood and another was killed by a collapsing house. In the neighboring province of Anhui , too , residents had to leave their homes due to flooding.

87 deaths were reported from storm effects in Zhejiang, mostly in Wenzhou . Major roads in the province have been eroded. Most of the deaths were caused by the storm surge that flooded fishing villages, such as in Fuding . Eight of the victims were killed because the shelter they were evacuated to collapsed. Strong winds and floods destroyed 37,000 homes; 380 km 2 of agricultural land was flooded, and the economic damage amounted to 6.3 billion yuan.

consequences

Immediately after Saomai's landfall in China, local Red Cross organizations supported residents who had become homeless with blankets, clothing, medicine and disinfectants. After the storm landed, the Wenzhou government banned entry to the most affected areas. Authorities instructed supermarkets to only sell items that promote resilience. Eleven days after the storm hit, 80% of the factories in Wenzhou had resumed operations. The Fuding administration provided ¥ 104.9 million (US $ 13.2 million) for reconstruction and ¥ 5,000 (US $ 625) in emergency aid for each family.

The International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies provided around 1.8 million Chinese yuan in relief supplies and financial aid to the victims in the People's Republic of China until August 11, 2006 . The Chinese government allocated 120 million yuan in disaster relief to regions hit by Saomai and earlier storms of the season. These funds were mainly used to supply the homeless residents with food and drinking water as well as for the reconstruction in Zhejiang and Fujian.

The name Saomai (with four other names) was removed from the list of names of tropical cyclones at the 39th annual meeting of the ESCAP / WMO Typhoon Committee in Manila in December 2006 . In November 2007, at its fortieth session, the committee decided on the name Son Tinh to replace Saomai . The new name was first used in 2012 .

Web links

Commons : Taifun Saomai  - Collection of pictures, videos and audio files

annotation

  1. ↑ The value was originally given in Japanese yen. The amount converted into US dollars was obtained from the Oanda Corporation website .

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Review of the 2006 Typhoon Season ( English ) World Meteorological Organization . December 4, 2006. Archived from the original on June 20, 2007. Retrieved May 5, 2014.
  2. ↑ a b Hundreds of thousands flee from “Saomi” , Der Tagesspiegel . August 10, 2006. Archived from the original on August 11, 2006. Retrieved on May 5, 2014. 
  3. ↑ a b Typhoon death toll rises in China (English) , BBC . August 13, 2006. Retrieved January 21, 2010. 
  4. ↑ Reuters : More than 100 dead in China from typhoon "Saomai" , August 11, 2006
  5. ↑ "Saomai" kills almost 300 people , Spiegel Online . August 15, 2006. Archived from the original on July 18, 2007. Retrieved May 5, 2014. 
  6. ↑ Saomai moves past Guam, COR 1 remains ( English ) August 6, 2006. Archived from the original on September 27, 2007. Retrieved on August 20, 2006.
  7. ↑ Hongxiong Xu, Xuejin Zhang, Xiangde Xu: Impact of Tropical Storm Bopha on the Intensity Change of Super Typhoon Saomai in the 2006 Typhoon Season . In: Advances in Meteorology . 2013, May 2013, pp. 1–13. doi : 10.1155 / 2013/487010 . Retrieved August 20, 2018.
  8. ↑ 台風 0608 号 (0608 Saomai) ( Japanese , PDF) Japan Meteorological Agency. 2006. Retrieved August 20, 2018.
  9. ↑ Super Typhoon 08W (Saomai) Best Track ( English , TXT) In: Joint Typhoon Warning Center . United States Navy. 2007. Retrieved August 20, 2018.
  10. ↑ Kenneth R. Knapp: 2006 Saomai (2006216N07151) ( English ) In: The International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship (IBTrACS): Unifying tropical cyclone best track data . Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society. 2010. Archived from the original on January 16, 2016. Info: The archive link has been inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Retrieved August 20, 2018. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / atms.unca.edu
  11. ^ A b Duan Yihong: Typhoons Bilis and Saomai: why the impacts were so severe ( English ) World Meteorological Organization. Archived from the original on July 14, 2014. Retrieved on August 20, 2018.
  12. ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o Typhoon Saomai: Impact and Historical Comparison ( English , PDF) Guy Carpenter . November 2006. Archived from the original on February 18, 2012. Retrieved on August 20, 2018.
  13. ^ Tropical Cyclone Condition of Readiness ( English ) US Naval Forecast Detachment Atsugi, Japan. Archived from the original on October 15, 2004. Retrieved on August 20, 2018.
  14. ↑ Guam braces for Tropical Storm Saomai ( English ) Stars and Stripes. August 7, 2006. Archived from the original on September 28, 2007. Retrieved on August 20, 2018.
  15. ↑ Saomai poised to hit as Bopha departs Taiwan ( English ) Taiwan News. August 10, 2006. Archived from the original on September 27, 2007. Retrieved on August 20, 2018.
  16. ↑ China: Heavy rain as Taiwan braces for typhoon (English) , ReliefWeb. August 9, 2006. Retrieved August 20, 2018. 
  17. ↑ a b c d China: Floods Emergency Appeal No. MDRCN001 Operations Update No. 1 ( English ) In: International Federation of Red Cross And Red Crescent Societies . ReliefWeb. August 14, 2006. Retrieved August 20, 2018.
  18. ↑ China typhoon's death toll rises ( English ) BBC. August 10, 2006. Retrieved August 20, 2018.
  19. ^ Southeast China braces for typhoon Saoma (English) , ReliefWeb. August 9, 2006. Retrieved August 20, 2018. 
  20. ↑ a b Karl Malakunas: Typhoon hits China as over 1.5 million evacuated (English) , ReliefWeb. August 10, 2006. Retrieved August 20, 2018. 
  21. ↑ a b c d e Nir Elias: Super typhoon slams into China, kills two (English) , ReliefWeb. August 10, 2006. Retrieved August 21, 2018. 
  22. ↑ National Weather Service Office in Guam: Guam Event Report: Tropical Storm ( English ) In: National Climatic Data Center . National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. 2007. Retrieved August 20, 2018.
  23. ↑ National Weather Service Office in Guam: Northern Mariana Islands Event Report: Tropical Storm ( English ) In: National Climatic Data Center . National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. 2007. Retrieved August 20, 2018.
  24. ↑ Eighty dead as typhoon hits China ( English ) BBC. August 10, 2006. Retrieved August 21, 2018.
  25. ^ Typhoon Saomai pounds Taiwan ( English ) AFX News Limited. August 10, 2006. Retrieved August 12, 2006.
  26. ↑ Digital Typhoon: Typhoon 200608 (Saomai) ( English ) Retrieved August 21, 2018.
  27. ^ Historical Exchange Rates . Oanda Corporation. 2014. Retrieved July 5, 2014.
  28. ↑ Digital Typhoon: Weather Disaster Report (2006-927-04) ( English ) National Institute of Informatics. Retrieved August 21, 2018.
  29. ↑ a b c d e Death toll from Saomai rises to 106, 191 still missing . August 2006. Retrieved July 5, 2014. 
  30. ↑ China: Typhoon Saomai causes casualties, while drought raises drinking water concerns (English) , ReliefWeb. August 11, 2006. Retrieved August 21, 2018. 
  31. ↑ United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs: China: Typhoons OCHA Situation Report No. 4 ( English ) ReliefWeb. August 14, 2006. Retrieved August 21, 2018.
  32. ↑ China typhoon toll hits 134 as tragedy strikes fishing communities (English) , ReliefWeb. August 13, 2006. Retrieved August 21, 2018. 
  33. ↑ 1,146-year-old Temple Destroyed by Typhoon Saomai (English) , China Internet Information Center. August 14, 2006. Retrieved August 21, 2018. 
  34. ↑ China's death toll rises to 134, 163 still missing ( English ) EITB. August 13, 2006. Archived from the original on September 27, 2007. Retrieved on August 21, 2018.
  35. ↑ Death toll from Saomai rises to 214 in China ( English ) Xinhua News Agency. August 13, 2006. Retrieved August 21, 2018.
  36. ↑ 300 dead, missing in China super typhoon ( English ) Bangkok Post. August 12, 2006. Retrieved August 12, 2006.
  37. ↑ China: Red Cross responds to worst typhoon in half a century ( English ) In: International Federation of Red Cross And Red Crescent Societies . ReliefWeb. August 11, 2006. Retrieved August 21, 2018.
  38. ↑ China: Red Cross responds to worst typhoon in half a century ( English ) International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies . August 11, 2006. Retrieved January 21, 2010.
  39. ↑ Govt allocates $ 15.2 mln for natural disaster relief ( English ) Government of the People's Republic of China. August 18, 2006. Retrieved January 21, 2010.
  40. ↑ ESCAP / WMO Typhoon Committee Thirty-Ninth Session ( English , PDF) World Meteorological Organization. Pp. 5, 59. Retrieved August 20, 2018.
  41. ^ Report of the Fortieth Session of the Typhoon Committee ( English , PDF) World Meteorological Organization. 2007. Retrieved August 20, 2018.