Xiamen

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Xiàmén Shì
厦门 市
Xiamen
Xiamen montage.png
Clockwise from top: City silhouette, Gulangyu house , Haicang Bridge and Xiamen University
Xiamen (China)
Xiamen
Xiamen
Coordinates 24 ° 28 ′  N , 118 ° 5 ′  E Coordinates: 24 ° 28 ′  N , 118 ° 5 ′  E
Location of Xiamen in the People's Republic of China
Location of Xiamen in the People's Republic of China
Basic data
Country People's Republic of China
region East china
province Fujian
ISO 3166-2 CN-FJ
status Sub-provincial town
special economic zone
structure 6 boroughs
surface 212 km²
Metropolitan area 1565 km²
Residents 1,770,000 (2009)
Metropolitan area 2,520,000 (2009)
density 8,349.1  Ew. / km²
Metropolitan area 1,610.2  Ew. / km²
Post Code 361000
Telephone code (+86) 592
Time zone China Standard Time (CST)
UTC +8
License Plate 闽 D
Website www.xiamen.gov.cn
politics
mayor Pei Jinjia
economy
GDP 156,000 million ¥
62,651 per capita (2008)

Xiamen ( Chinese  廈門 市  /  厦门 市 , Pinyin Xiàmén Shì ; obsolete Post Amoy) is a coastal city in the southeast of the People's Republic of China and in the south of Fujian Province . It is one of the 15 sub-provincial cities in the country. Its center is on an island of the same name off the mainland and has an international airport .

According to the UN, 3.6 million people lived in the agglomeration of Xiamen in 2017.

General

Xiamen is also known by the local name Amoy, which is also the name of the local dialect. The city is one of the economic centers of the Chinese coastal area. Xiamen is nicknamed crane city because allegedly migrating cranes had settled here. In front of the island of Xiamen lies the famous islet Gulangyu (鼓浪屿), which belongs to the Siming district. The city's climate is subtropical, with an average annual temperature of 21 ° C.

Due to this subtropical climate, more violent typhoons can occur in the months of July to September.

On September 14, 2016, typhoon "Meranti" moved over the southern Chinese coastal province of Fujian directly via Taiwan, Gulangyu and Xiamen further inland, where it left an image of devastation. It was the strongest typhoon in about six decades.

The tallest building is the Xiamen International Center .

Xiamen
Climate diagram
J F. M. A. M. J J A. S. O N D.
 
 
37
 
17th
10
 
 
65
 
17th
10
 
 
99
 
19th
12
 
 
147
 
23
16
 
 
152
 
27
20th
 
 
196
 
29
23
 
 
140
 
32
25th
 
 
155
 
32
25th
 
 
117
 
31
24
 
 
29
 
27
21st
 
 
37
 
23
16
 
 
25th
 
19th
12
Temperature in ° C ,  precipitation in mm
Source: China Meteorological Administration
Monthly average temperatures and rainfall for Xiamen
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
Max. Temperature ( ° C ) 16.8 16.5 18.8 23.0 26.7 29.4 32.4 32.2 30.7 27.4 23.4 19.1 O 24.7
Min. Temperature (° C) 9.7 9.8 11.9 16.1 20.3 23.3 25.3 25.2 23.8 20.5 16.4 11.7 O 17.9
Precipitation ( mm ) 37 65 99 147 152 196 140 155 117 29 37 25th Σ 1,199
Rainy days ( d ) 8th 13 17th 16 16 14th 10 10 11 3 5 4th Σ 127
T
e
m
p
e
r
a
t
u
r
16.8
9.7
16.5
9.8
18.8
11.9
23.0
16.1
26.7
20.3
29.4
23.3
32.4
25.3
32.2
25.2
30.7
23.8
27.4
20.5
23.4
16.4
19.1
11.7
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
N
i
e
d
e
r
s
c
h
l
a
g 		37
65
99
147
152
196
140
155
117
29
37
25th
  Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

Administrative structure

Xiamen is made up of six districts at the county level. Two of these districts - Siming and Huli - occupy Xiamen Island (including Gulangyu):

  • City district Siming思明区, 75 km², 440,000 inhabitants (2002), south of Xiamen Island
  • District of Huli湖里 区, 61 km², 130,000 inhabitants (2002), north of Xiamen Island
  • District of Haicang海沧 区, 155 km², 130,000 inhabitants (2002) in the southwest
  • City district Jimei集美 区, 268 km², 290,000 inhabitants (2002), in the mid-west
  • Municipality of Tong'an同安区, 658 km², 330,000 inhabitants (2002), in the northwest
  • District Xiang'an翔安区, 352 square kilometers, 250,000 inhabitants (2002), the Northeast

population

The 2000 census counted 2,053,070 residents of Xiamen.

Name of the people Residents proportion of
Han 2,028,169 98.79%
She 7.115 0.35%
Hui 4,770 0.23%
Tujia 4,490 0.22%
Miao 2,766 0.13%
Zhuang 1,070 0.05%
Manchu 946 0.05%
Mongols 874 0.04%
Dong 689 0.03%
Korean 509 0.02%
Bouyei 324 0.02%
Others 1,348 0.07%

The local language is a dialect of the Hokkien .

Population development of the agglomeration according to the UN

year population
1950 193,000
1960 317,000
1970 418,000
1980 491,000
1990 639,000
2000 1,416,000
2010 3,040,000
2017 3,521,000

history

In 1313 Franciscans began serving in Xiamen. Xiamen has been used by Europeans as a trading port since 1541 and was the main export port for tea in the 19th century . Until his retreat to Taiwan before the Qing Dynasty, Xiamen was the last base of Zheng Chenggong (called Koxinga ), who became known as the warlord of the Ming Dynasty and pirate leader .

With the Treaty of Nanjing (1842), which ended the First Opium War , Xiamen became one of the treaty ports opened for Great Britain.

economy

Overview

Center of Xiamen

In 1981, Xiamen became one of the first four special economic zones in China. Since 2001, the Three Mini Links have provided regular mail, transport and trade links to the nearby island of Kinmen, which is controlled by the Republic of China in Taiwan .

Economic data:

  • Gross domestic product : ¥ 64.8 billion yuan
  • Gross domestic product per capita: ¥ 42,270 renminbi - # 1 in Fujian
  • Exports: $ 8,793 million
  • Imports: $ 6,391 million

The gross domestic product per capita here is several times higher than the average for the province.
Figures: Fujian Statistical Yearbook 2003 (figures from 2002)

Companies

Numerous electrical industry companies have set up shop in the greater Xiamen area , including Xiamen Hongfa Electroacoustic Co. Ltd , which manufactures relays and electronic components - for household appliances, for example - for the world market, including the German market. The company King Long (one of the largest bus manufacturers in the world), which is also active on the European market , and Neonlite Electronic & Lighting (H. K.) Ltd. are also based there. which produces energy-saving lamps for the German IDV GmbH (see also Megaman ).

One of the nationally known companies from Xiamen is the airline Xiamen Airlines , which has joined the third-largest airline alliance China Southern Airlines . The logo of Xiamen Airlines shows a crane that goes back to the cranes of Xiamen (see above).

In 2012, the State Development and Reform Commission approved the construction of the Xiamen Metro . The first line opened in December 2017. The long-term plans envisage a total of eleven lines with a total length of 404 km and 188 stations; In addition to the two lines currently in operation, three more are under construction or in planning as of summer 2019.

port

In 2010, the port of Xiamen merged with the neighboring port of Zhangzhou . This largest transshipment point in south-east China handled 191 million tons of sea freight in 2013, including 8.1 million  TEU , making it the eighth largest container port in China. The Xiamen container port is in 18th place worldwide.

By 2018, four terminals with special berths for cruise ships are to be expanded for the equivalent of 16 million US dollars .

education

Xiamen can be seen as one of the most important places in Sino-German educational cooperation in southern China.

Numerous leading universities are located in Xiamen. The leading universities include Xiamen University , Jimei University and the University of Overseas Chinese .

The university cooperation between Jimei University (approx. 42,000 students) in the Jimei district and the Technical University of Wildau in Germany, which was signed in 2008, is an important partnership in the field of education . Since then, there has been a lively exchange between students and lecturers at both universities.

Also located at Jimei University, hundreds of Chinese students and lecturers are linguistically prepared for study or guest studies in Germany every year.

The Freshman Institute of the Aachen University of Applied Sciences has been selecting some of its future international students in Xiamen since 2007 as part of an all-day assessment center .

The Xiamen University operates a Confucius Institute at the University of Trier . The "Xiamen Academy of International Law", which it organizes and takes place once a year, has achieved importance in the international arena.

The Xiamen City Vocational College ( 廈門 城市 職業 學院  /  厦门 城市 职业 学院 , Xiàmén Chéngshì Zhíyè Xuéyuàn , English Xiamen City University ) maintains friendly contacts with universities in Poland, Italy and Germany.

tourism

In 2002, 673,718 tourists visited the city of Xiamen, also because of its attractive coastal landscape. Chinese tourism is likely to be an essential part of tourism.

An important excursion destination in Xiamen is the island of Gulangyu , only a few hundred meters away , which is car-free and offers a view of the school town of Jimei and the island group of Kinmen, which largely belongs to Taiwan . The standing crossing with the passenger ferry, which covers the distance in a few minutes, costs 35 or 50 RMB there and back and is only available to a limited extent (2018). The island can be easily "hiked" in half a day. The paths are - in order to keep them easily accessible despite the heavy rainfall - not natural paths. The island is actually a gem of colonial architecture. Unfortunately, the condition of the buildings and the surrounding land is often poor. Much has been left to decay, although it would certainly be worth preserving, especially from a tourist point of view. The organ museum is disastrous from a museum perspective. The aviary obviously does not correspond to (more) international standard. Highlights: the statue of Zheng Chenggong (called Koxinga ) and the Sunlight Rock (63 m), the latter with a panoramic view from the highest point on the island. The island offers a typical example of a Chinese tourist attraction with its street vendors, restaurants and devotional shops, etc. Another tourist attraction is the traditional-style campus of Xiamen University by the sea .

Xiamen from which can round houses of the Hakka in county Yongding be visited by the 2008 UNESCO in the list of world cultural heritage were taken.

Town twinning

  • Night skyline, view from Gulangyu from

  • Waterfront promenade with the Yanwu Bridge, which runs parallel to the coast for several kilometers

  • Tan Kah Kee memorial

  • An airplane is loaded with Dell computer parts at Xiamen Airport

  • Zhongshan Street

  • Old and new buildings in Xiamen

  • Ferry on the way to Gulangyu Island

  • Nanputuo Temple

literature

Web links

Commons : Xiamen  - collection of pictures, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Page no longer available , search in web archives: Zhuhai local government@1@ 2Template: Dead Link / www.zhuhai.gov.cn
  2. ^ The Mayor and Deputy Mayor ( Memento April 9, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Mayor
  3. ↑ HKTDC
  4. ^ A b World Urbanization Prospects - Population Division - United Nations. Retrieved July 23, 2018 .
  5. ^ South China: "Meranti" strongest typhoon for 60 years. In: kurier.at. September 15, 2016. Retrieved December 29, 2017 .
  6. ↑ Former Xiamen Cathedral becomes part of Gulangyu UNESCO World Heritage. In: China heute , vol. 36 (2017), p. 155.
  7. ↑ 厦门 市 城市 轨道 交通 第二 期 建设 规划 （2016 ～ 2022 年）. State Development and Reform Commission, August 10, 2016, accessed July 22, 2019 (Chinese).
  8. ↑ Xiamen. Urbanrail.net, accessed on July 22, 2019 .
  9. ↑ https://www.containerbasis.de/blog/branche/groessten-containerhafen/
  10. ↑ Wolfhart Fabarius: $ 16 million for the port of Xiamen . In: Daily port report of August 17, 2015, p. 4