Tulou
Tulou ( Chinese 土樓 / 土楼 , Pinyin tǔlóu - "earth building, multi-storey earth house") is the name for a fortified house shape that is traditionally used by the Hakka in Fujian Province in southeast China . Therefore, they are sometimes referred to as Fujian-Tulou ( 福建 土樓 / 福建 土楼 , Fújiàn tǔlóu ).
Most of these houses are in Yongding County, on the border with Guangdong Province .
architecture
The Tulou are large, mostly circular houses with outer walls made of clay up to several meters thick. They usually have three to five floors and accommodate up to 800 people. As defensive structures, they have almost no windows to the outside and only a single entrance. The rooms are built around a large inner courtyard, the roofs are tiled and have overhanging eaves. Contrary to the simple outer appearance, they are often richly decorated on the inside.
history
Tulou have been built since the 12th century to the present day. The most elaborate buildings date from the 17th and 18th centuries.
In 2008, 46 of the Tulou of Fujian were added to the UNESCO World Heritage List .
See also
Web links
- Entry on the UNESCO World Heritage Center website ( English and French ).
- The Tulou Round Houses in Fujian, China . Treasures of the world, heritage of humanity , episode 379 on swr.de
Individual evidence
- ↑ UNESCO World Heritage Center: Fujian Tulou. Retrieved August 19, 2017 .
Heritage: Great Wall of China (1987) | Imperial Palaces of the Ming and Qing Dynasties in Beijing ( Forbidden City ) and Shenyang (1987) | Mogao Grottoes (1987) | Qin Shihuangdis Mausoleum (1987) | Peking man's site in Zhoukoudian (1987) | Summer Residence and Eight Outer Temples near Chengde (1994) | Confucius Temple, Cemetery and Residence of the Kong Family in Qufu (1994) | Daoist shrines in the mountains of Wudang (1994) | Potala Palace (1994), Jokhang Temple (2000) and Norbulingka Palace (2001) | Lu Shan National Park (1996) | Lijiang Old Town (1997) | Old City of Pingyao (1997) | Classical Gardens of Suzhou (1997) | Yiheyuan Summer Palace (1998) | Temple of Heaven with imperial sacrificial altar in Beijing (1998) | Rock sculptures by Also (1999) | Mount Qingcheng Mountains and the Dujiangyan Irrigation System (2000) | Xidi and Hongcun Villages (2000) | Longmen Grottoes (2000) | Imperial Tombs of the Ming and Qing Dynasties (2000) | Yungang Grottoes (2001) | Capitals and Tombs of the Ancient Kingdom of Koguryo (2004) | Historic Center of Macau (2005) | Yinxu (2006) | Diaolou towers and villages in Kaiping (2007) | Tulou loam buildings in Fujian (2008) | Wutai Shan (2009) | Historical Monuments of Dengfeng (2010) | Cultural Landscape West Lake near Hangzhou (2011) | Xanadu Site (2012) | Hani rice terraces in Yunnan (2013) | Silk Roads: The Chang'an-Tianshan Corridor Road Network (2014) | Kaiserkanal (2014) | Tusi sites (2015) | Petroglyphs at Huashan and the Zuo Jiang River (2016) | Kulangsu: a Historic International Settlement (2017) | Liangzhu City Archaeological Ruins (2019)
Natural heritage: Jiuzhaigou Valley Landscape Park (1992) | Lime sinter terrace landscape Huanglong (1992) | Wulingyuan Landscape Park (1992) | Protection zones of the three parallel rivers of Yunnan (2003) | Sichuan Panda Nature Reserve (2006) | Karst landscapes in southern China (2007, 2014) | Sanqing Shan National Park (2008) | Danxia Shan at Shaoguan (2010) | Chengjiang Fossil Site (2012) | Tian Shan Mountains in Xinjiang (2013) | Shennongjia Forest Area (2016) | Qinghai Hoh Xil (2017) | Migratory bird sanctuaries along the coast of the Yellow Sea - Gulf of Bohai (Phase I) (2019)
Cultural / Natural Heritage: Tai Shan Mountain Region (1987) | Huang Shan Mountains (1990) | Mountain landscape of Emei Shan and Leshan Big Buddha (1996) | Wuyi Mountains (1999) | Fanjingshan (2018)
Coordinates: 24 ° 38 ' N , 117 ° 0' E