Tian Shan Mountains in Xinjiang

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Tian Shan Mountains in Xinjiang
UNESCO world heritage UNESCO World Heritage Emblem

Tianchi Lake.jpg
Heavenly lake in the Bogda chain
National territory: China People's RepublicPeople's Republic of China People's Republic of China
Type: nature
Criteria : (vii) (ix)
Reference No .: 1414
UNESCO region : Asia and Pacific
History of enrollment
Enrollment: 2013  (session 37)

Tian Shan Mountains in Xinjiang and Tian Shan of Sinkiang ( Chinese  新疆天山 , Pinyin Xinjiang Tianshan ) is one of the UNESCO -listed site of World Heritage in Asia . The World Heritage Site is located in the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region in the People's Republic of China .

background

The Tian Shan (Tienschan) is a high mountain range in the greater Turkestan region in the interior of Asia . Its eastern part is located in the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region in the northwest of the People's Republic of China , its western part extends over the Central Asian states of Kazakhstan , Kyrgyzstan , Tajikistan and Uzbekistan .

registration

Tian Shan Mountains in Xinjiang were inscribed on the UNESCO World Heritage List in 2013 based on a decision of the 37th session of the World Heritage Committee .

The reason for the entry states, among other things:

The site has outstanding scenic values ​​and many outstanding natural features - from Redbett canyons to high peaks and glaciers to beautiful wetlands, meadows and steppes. The visual impression of these features is enhanced by the strong contrasts between the mountainous areas and vast Central Asian deserts, as well as between the dry southern slopes and the much more humid northern slopes. The Tian Shan Mountains in Xinjiang are also an outstanding example of the ongoing biological and ecological evolutionary process in a temperate arid zone.

The entry was made on the basis of criteria (vii) and (ix).

(vii): The part of the Tian-Shan located in Xinjiang extends over 1,760 km in an east-west direction and is a mountain range of outstanding natural beauty. ... The mountain range lies between two Central Asian deserts, the Junggar Desert in the north and the Tarim Desert in the south. The beauty of the Tian Shan Mountains in Xinjiang lies not only in its spectacular snow-capped mountains and glacier-covered peaks, beautiful forests and meadows, clear rivers and lakes and red bed canyons, but also in the combination and contrast between the mountain elements and the vast deserts. The sharp difference between the bare rocks on its southern slope and the lush forest and meadows on the north side creates an impressive visual contrast between environments that are hot and cold, dry and wet, barren and lush - and of extraordinary beauty.

(ix): The Tian Shan Mountains in Xinjiang are an excellent example of the ongoing biological and ecological evolution process in a temperate arid zone. The landscapes and ecosystems have been preserved since the Pliocene due to the Tian Shan's location between two deserts and the Central Asian continental climate, which is unique among the world's mountain ecosystems. Xinjiang Tianshan has all the typical mountain elevation zones of a temperate dry zone, which reflects the changes in humidity and heat at different heights, inclines and slopes. The site is an excellent example of studying the biological community succession in mountain ecosystems in an arid zone exposed to global climate change. The Tian Shan Mountains in Xinjiang are also an excellent representation of the biological and ecological evolution in the Pamir Tian Shan highlands. The distribution of vegetation by altitude, significant differences between north and south slopes and the diversity of flora show the biological and ecological evolution of the Pamir-Tian-Shan highlands. The site is also an important habitat for relic species and numerous rare and threatened species, as well as endemic species. It is representative of the process by which the original warm-and-wet flora was gradually replaced by a modern xerian Mediterranean flora.

Three years after the Tian Shan Mountains in Xinjiang , the western part of the mountain range was also entered on the World Heritage List in 2016 under the name Western Tian Shan Mountains as a cross-border natural heritage site in Kazakhstan , Kyrgyzstan and Uzbekistan .

Protected areas

The world heritage site comprises four areas. These have a total protection area of ​​606,833 ha and are each surrounded by buffer zones, which have a total area of ​​491,103 ha.

ID no. designation location Protection area Buffer zone
1414-001 Tomur Aksu government district
( geographic coordinates )
344,828 ha 280,120 ha
1414-002 Kalajun kuerdening Kazakh Autonomous District Ili
( geographic coordinates )
113,818 ha 89,346 ha
1414-003 Bayin Bay Mongolian Autonomous District Bayingolin
( geocoordinates )
109,448 ha 80,090 ha
1414-004 Bogda Changji Hui Autonomous District
( geographic coordinates )
38,739 ha 41,547 ha

The individual areas comprise existing nature reserves or national parks.

The Tomur area includes the Tomur nature reserve with the main chain of the Tian Shan on the border with Kyrgyzstan, in which with the Dschengisch Tschokusu (Tomur, 7439  m ) lies the highest mountain of the entire Tian Shan, which is also the highest peak of Xinjiang and of Kyrgyzstan is. The reserve is home to rare species such as the snow leopard .

The Kalajun-Kuerdening area includes the Kalajun Provincial Park (卡拉 军 新疆) in the west and the Kuerdening nature reserve in the east . It is located in a mountain range south of the Ili River and is characterized by a particularly high level of biodiversity.

The Bayinbuluke area includes the Bayinbuluke nature reserve with the Bayinbuluke grassland (巴音 布鲁克 草原), one of the largest wetlands in China. It lies in a basin between two mountain ranges through which the Kaidu River flows.

The Bogda area is located in the Bogda Mountains and includes the Tian Shan Tianchi National Park with the Bogda Feng ( 5445  m ) and the Tianchi Mountain Lake (Himmelssee, 天池) in the north and the Bogda nature reserve in the south .

photos

Web links

Commons : Xinjiang Tianshan  - collection of pictures, videos and audio files
  • Tian Shan Mountains in Xinjiang on the UNESCO World Heritage Center website ( English and French ).

Individual evidence

  1. ^ English Xinjiang Tianshan , "German translation according to the World Heritage List. In: Unesco.de. Retrieved on February 8, 2017 .
  2. a b c d UNESCO World Heritage Center: Xinjiang Tianshan. In: whc.unesco.org. Retrieved February 7, 2017 .
  3. UNESCO World Heritage Center: Decision: 37 COM 8B.10. In: whc.unesco.org. Retrieved February 8, 2017 .
  4. UNESCO World Heritage Center: Western Tien-Shan. In: whc.unesco.org. Retrieved February 6, 2017 .
  5. UNESCO World Heritage Center: Xinjiang Tianshan. Maps. In: whc.unesco.org. Retrieved February 8, 2017 .
  6. Information ( Memento of the original from March 30, 2017 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. at cultural-china.com. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.cultural-china.com