Tian Shan Mountains in Xinjiang
| Tian Shan Mountains in Xinjiang | |
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UNESCO world heritage 
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| Heavenly lake in the Bogda chain |
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| National territory: |
 People's Republic of China
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| Type: | nature |
| Criteria : | (vii) (ix) |
| Reference No .: | 1414 |
| UNESCO region : | Asia and Pacific |
| History of enrollment | |
| Enrollment: | 2013 (session 37) |
Tian Shan Mountains in Xinjiang and Tian Shan of Sinkiang ( Chinese 新疆天山 , Pinyin Xinjiang Tianshan ) is one of the UNESCO -listed site of World Heritage in Asia . The World Heritage Site is located in the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region in the People's Republic of China .
background
The Tian Shan (Tienschan) is a high mountain range in the greater Turkestan region in the interior of Asia . Its eastern part is located in the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region in the northwest of the People's Republic of China , its western part extends over the Central Asian states of Kazakhstan , Kyrgyzstan , Tajikistan and Uzbekistan .
registration
Tian Shan Mountains in Xinjiang were inscribed on the UNESCO World Heritage List in 2013 based on a decision of the 37th session of the World Heritage Committee .
The reason for the entry states, among other things:
The site has outstanding scenic values and many outstanding natural features - from Redbett canyons to high peaks and glaciers to beautiful wetlands, meadows and steppes. The visual impression of these features is enhanced by the strong contrasts between the mountainous areas and vast Central Asian deserts, as well as between the dry southern slopes and the much more humid northern slopes. The Tian Shan Mountains in Xinjiang are also an outstanding example of the ongoing biological and ecological evolutionary process in a temperate arid zone.
The entry was made on the basis of criteria (vii) and (ix).
(vii): The part of the Tian-Shan located in Xinjiang extends over 1,760 km in an east-west direction and is a mountain range of outstanding natural beauty. ... The mountain range lies between two Central Asian deserts, the Junggar Desert in the north and the Tarim Desert in the south. The beauty of the Tian Shan Mountains in Xinjiang lies not only in its spectacular snow-capped mountains and glacier-covered peaks, beautiful forests and meadows, clear rivers and lakes and red bed canyons, but also in the combination and contrast between the mountain elements and the vast deserts. The sharp difference between the bare rocks on its southern slope and the lush forest and meadows on the north side creates an impressive visual contrast between environments that are hot and cold, dry and wet, barren and lush - and of extraordinary beauty.
(ix): The Tian Shan Mountains in Xinjiang are an excellent example of the ongoing biological and ecological evolution process in a temperate arid zone. The landscapes and ecosystems have been preserved since the Pliocene due to the Tian Shan's location between two deserts and the Central Asian continental climate, which is unique among the world's mountain ecosystems. Xinjiang Tianshan has all the typical mountain elevation zones of a temperate dry zone, which reflects the changes in humidity and heat at different heights, inclines and slopes. The site is an excellent example of studying the biological community succession in mountain ecosystems in an arid zone exposed to global climate change. The Tian Shan Mountains in Xinjiang are also an excellent representation of the biological and ecological evolution in the Pamir Tian Shan highlands. The distribution of vegetation by altitude, significant differences between north and south slopes and the diversity of flora show the biological and ecological evolution of the Pamir-Tian-Shan highlands. The site is also an important habitat for relic species and numerous rare and threatened species, as well as endemic species. It is representative of the process by which the original warm-and-wet flora was gradually replaced by a modern xerian Mediterranean flora.
Three years after the Tian Shan Mountains in Xinjiang , the western part of the mountain range was also entered on the World Heritage List in 2016 under the name Western Tian Shan Mountains as a cross-border natural heritage site in Kazakhstan , Kyrgyzstan and Uzbekistan .
Protected areas
The world heritage site comprises four areas. These have a total protection area of 606,833 ha and are each surrounded by buffer zones, which have a total area of 491,103 ha.
| ID no. | designation | location | Protection area | Buffer zone |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1414-001 | Tomur |
Aksu government district ( geographic coordinates ) |
344,828 ha | 280,120 ha |
| 1414-002 | Kalajun kuerdening |
Kazakh Autonomous District Ili ( geographic coordinates ) |
113,818 ha | 89,346 ha |
| 1414-003 | Bayin Bay |
Mongolian Autonomous District Bayingolin ( geocoordinates ) |
109,448 ha | 80,090 ha |
| 1414-004 | Bogda |
Changji Hui Autonomous District ( geographic coordinates ) |
38,739 ha | 41,547 ha |
The individual areas comprise existing nature reserves or national parks.
The Tomur area includes the Tomur nature reserve with the main chain of the Tian Shan on the border with Kyrgyzstan, in which with the Dschengisch Tschokusu (Tomur, 7439 m ) lies the highest mountain of the entire Tian Shan, which is also the highest peak of Xinjiang and of Kyrgyzstan is. The reserve is home to rare species such as the snow leopard .
The Kalajun-Kuerdening area includes the Kalajun Provincial Park (卡拉 军 新疆) in the west and the Kuerdening nature reserve in the east . It is located in a mountain range south of the Ili River and is characterized by a particularly high level of biodiversity.
The Bayinbuluke area includes the Bayinbuluke nature reserve with the Bayinbuluke grassland (巴音 布鲁克 草原), one of the largest wetlands in China. It lies in a basin between two mountain ranges through which the Kaidu River flows.
The Bogda area is located in the Bogda Mountains and includes the Tian Shan Tianchi National Park with the Bogda Feng ( 5445 m ) and the Tianchi Mountain Lake (Himmelssee, 天池) in the north and the Bogda nature reserve in the south .
photos
High mountain region in the Tomur nature reserve
Kuerdening Valley
Bayin Bay Prairie
View over the Himmelssee to Bogda Feng
.jpg)
Web links
Individual evidence
- ^ English Xinjiang Tianshan , "German translation according to the World Heritage List. In: Unesco.de. Retrieved on February 8, 2017 .
- ↑ a b c d UNESCO World Heritage Center: Xinjiang Tianshan. In: whc.unesco.org. Retrieved February 7, 2017 .
- ↑ UNESCO World Heritage Center: Decision: 37 COM 8B.10. In: whc.unesco.org. Retrieved February 8, 2017 .
- ↑ UNESCO World Heritage Center: Western Tien-Shan. In: whc.unesco.org. Retrieved February 6, 2017 .
- ↑ UNESCO World Heritage Center: Xinjiang Tianshan. Maps. In: whc.unesco.org. Retrieved February 8, 2017 .
- ↑ Information ( Memento of the original from March 30, 2017 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. at cultural-china.com.
Map with all coordinates: 
Heritage: Great Wall of China (1987) | Imperial Palaces of the Ming and Qing Dynasties in Beijing ( Forbidden City ) and Shenyang (1987) | Mogao Grottoes (1987) | Qin Shihuangdis Mausoleum (1987) | Peking man's site in Zhoukoudian (1987) | Summer Residence and Eight Outer Temples near Chengde (1994) | Confucius Temple, Cemetery and Residence of the Kong Family in Qufu (1994) | Daoist shrines in the mountains of Wudang (1994) | Potala Palace (1994), Jokhang Temple (2000) and Norbulingka Palace (2001) | Lu Shan National Park (1996) | Lijiang Old Town (1997) | Old City of Pingyao (1997) | Classical Gardens of Suzhou (1997) | Yiheyuan Summer Palace (1998) | Temple of Heaven with imperial sacrificial altar in Beijing (1998) | Rock sculptures by Also (1999) | Mount Qingcheng Mountains and the Dujiangyan Irrigation System (2000) | Xidi and Hongcun Villages (2000) | Longmen Grottoes (2000) | Imperial Tombs of the Ming and Qing Dynasties (2000) | Yungang Grottoes (2001) | Capitals and Tombs of the Ancient Kingdom of Koguryo (2004) | Historic Center of Macau (2005) | Yinxu (2006) | Diaolou towers and villages in Kaiping (2007) | Tulou loam buildings in Fujian (2008) | Wutai Shan (2009) | Historical Monuments of Dengfeng (2010) | Cultural Landscape West Lake near Hangzhou (2011) | Xanadu Site (2012) | Hani rice terraces in Yunnan (2013) | Silk Roads: The Chang'an-Tianshan Corridor Road Network (2014) | Kaiserkanal (2014) | Tusi sites (2015) | Petroglyphs at Huashan and the Zuo Jiang River (2016) | Kulangsu: a Historic International Settlement (2017) | Liangzhu City Archaeological Ruins (2019)
Natural heritage: Jiuzhaigou Valley Landscape Park (1992) | Lime sinter terrace landscape Huanglong (1992) | Wulingyuan Landscape Park (1992) | Protection zones of the three parallel rivers of Yunnan (2003) | Sichuan Panda Nature Reserve (2006) | Karst landscapes in southern China (2007, 2014) | Sanqing Shan National Park (2008) | Danxia Shan at Shaoguan (2010) | Chengjiang Fossil Site (2012) | Tian Shan Mountains in Xinjiang (2013) | Shennongjia Forest Area (2016) | Qinghai Hoh Xil (2017) | Migratory bird sanctuaries along the coast of the Yellow Sea - Gulf of Bohai (Phase I) (2019)
Cultural / Natural Heritage: Tai Shan Mountain Region (1987) | Huang Shan Mountains (1990) | Mountain landscape of Emei Shan and Leshan Big Buddha (1996) | Wuyi Mountains (1999) | Fanjingshan (2018)