Silk Roads: the road network of the Chang'an-Tianshan Corridor
| Silk Roads: the road network of the Chang'an-Tianshan Corridor | |
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UNESCO world heritage 
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| Yumen Pass in China |
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| National territory: |
 People's Republic of China Kyrgyzstan Kazakhstan 
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| Type: | Culture |
| Criteria : | (ii) (iii) (v) (vi) |
| Surface: | 42,668 ha |
| Buffer zone: | 189963 ha |
| Reference No .: | 1442 |
| UNESCO region : | Asia and Pacific |
| History of enrollment | |
| Enrollment: | 2014 (session 38) |
Silk Roads: the road network of the Chang'an-Tianshan Corridor is a UNESCO- listed World Heritage Site . The serial transnational world heritage site comprises a total of 33 sites in the People's Republic of China , Kyrgyzstan and Kazakhstan .
background
The Silk Road is a network of trade routes that in ancient times and the Middle Ages connected the Mediterranean area by land via Central Asia with East Asia , especially the Empire of China . The road network got its name from the fact that silk was exported from China to Europe.
The most important stop on the road in China was the ancient city of Chang'an , China's “gateway to the world”, near present-day Xi'an . The main route ran from the Mediterranean through Iran, on via Bukhara , Samarkand and Kokand through the Fergana Valley , crossed the Tian Shan Mountains near Osh and reached the Tarim Basin near Kashgar . North or south of the Taklamakan Desert, we continued to Dunhuang and from there via Anxi to Chang'an . A north-east branch led from Samarkand via Tashkent north of the Tian Shan Mountains via Beshbaliq (near Urumqi ) and Turpan (Turfan) and reunited with the main branch at Anxi. In detail, there are other smaller branches, for example a cross connection from the northeast route to the main route via Bishkek , along Lake Issyk Kul via the Tian Shan into the Tarim Basin.
The selected section from the land of the Seven Rivers in Central Asia through the Tian Shan to central China is around 5000 kilometers long. Along the branched route are larger cities, smaller trading settlements, rock temples and other religious sites. The world heritage site also includes ancient paths, passes and fortifications as well as the tomb of the Chinese explorer Zhang Qian (195–114 BC), whose travels and reports led to increased trade relations between China and Central Asia and thus to the development of the Silk Road. The Mogao Grottoes (1987, Ref. 440 , Lage ) and Longmen Grottoes (2000, Ref. 1003 , Lage ) are also located on the selected route .
registration
The joint proposal of the People's Republic of China , Kyrgyzstan and Kazakhstan with the title Silk Roads: The Road Network of the Chang'an-Tianshan Corridor was entered on the UNESCO World Heritage List in 2014 based on a resolution of the 38th session of the World Heritage Committee. The entry was made on the basis of criteria (ii), (iii), (v) and (vi).
scope
The serial world heritage site consists of 33 separate sites. These cover a total of 42,668.16 ha of protection . The individual protection areas are each surrounded by buffer zones, which have a total area of 189,963.1 hectares.
Of these sites, 22 are in the People's Republic of China , 8 in Kazakhstan and 3 in Kyrgyzstan . The sites are grouped by the following geographic regions:
- Siebenstromland (sites in Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan)
- Northern and Southern Tian Shan (Sites in the Xinjiang Autonomous Region of China)
- Hexi Corridor (Sites in Gansu Province in China)
- Central China (Sites in Shaanxi and Henan Provinces )
Overview
The individual sites are categorized and numbered according to:
- C = sites of central cities (city)
- S = sites of trading settlements (settlement)
- T = sites of transportation and defense facilities (transportation)
- R = religious sites (religion)
- A = Associated sites
| Ref.No. | No. | designation | Location | Protection area | Buffer zone | image |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1442-01 | C01-CN | Weiyang Palace of the Western Han Dynasty in Chang'an |
Xi'an Shaanxi China ( location ) |
611.09 ha | 5,422.02 ha |
 more pictures |
| 1442-02 | C02-CN | Luoyang City from the Eastern Han Dynasty to the Northern Wei Dynasty |
Luoyang Henan China ( location ) |
1,088.38 hectares | 8,882.06 ha | |
| 1442-03 | C03-CN | Daming Palace of Tang Dynasty in Chang'an | Xi'an Shaanxi China ( location ) |
376.55 hectares | 267.05 ha |
 more pictures |
| 1442-04 | C04-CN | Dingding Gate of the Sui and Tang Dynasties in Luoyang | Luoyang Henan China ( location ) |
91.30 ha | 2,932.48 hectares |
 more pictures |
| 1442-05 | C05-CN | City of Kocho |
Turpan Xinjiang China ( location ) |
459.97 ha | 51,207.80 ha |
.jpg) more pictures |
| 1442-06 | C06-CN | Yar-Khoto City | Turpan Xinjiang China ( location ) |
680.33 ha | 2,522.25 hectares |
 more pictures |
| 1442-07 | C07-CN | Beshbaliq city |
Changji Xinjiang China ( location ) |
385.15 ha | | 789.54 ha | | |
| 1442-08 | C08-KG | City of Suyab (site of Ak-Besim ) |
Tschüi Rajon Tschüi Region Kyrgyzstan ( location ) |
37.78 hectares | 1,360 ha | |
| 1442-09 | C09-KG | Balasagun City ( Burana Site ) | Tschüi Rajon Tschüi Region Kyrgyzstan ( location ) |
36.58 ha | 1900 ha |
 more pictures |
| 1442-10 | C10-KG | Nawekat town (site of Krasnaya Rechka ) |
Ysyk-Ata Rajon Chüi Region Kyrgyzstan ( location ) |
743.31 ha | 3265 ha |
 more pictures |
| 1442-11 | C11-KZ | Kajalyk site |
Audany Sarqan Almaty Region Kazakhstan ( Location ) |
85.2 ha | 146.1 ha | |
| 1442-12 | S01-KZ | Site of Talghar |
Audany Talghar Almaty Region Kazakhstan ( Location ) |
55.7 ha | 329.3 ha | |
| 1442-13 | S02-KZ | Site of Aktobe |
Audany Schu Shambyl Region Kazakhstan ( Location ) |
4,135ha | 702 ha | |
| 1442-14 | S03-KZ | Site of Qulan |
Audany Turar Rysqulov Shambyl Region Kazakhstan ( Location ) |
1,113 ha | 561 ha | |
| 1442-15 | S04-KZ | Ornek site | Audany Turar Rysqulov Shambyl Region Kazakhstan ( Location ) |
6,549 ha | 4,294.5 ha | |
| 1442-16 | S05-KZ | Akyrtas site | Audany Turar Rysqulov Shambyl Region Kazakhstan ( Location ) |
36 ha | 736 ha | |
| 1442-17 | S06-KZ | Site of Kostobe |
Audany Baisaq Shambyl Region Kazakhstan ( Location ) |
43 hectares | 95.5 ha | |
| 1442-18 | T01-CN | Hangu Pass the Han Dynasty in the circle Xin'an | Luoyang Henan China ( location ) |
98.77 ha | 463.41 ha |
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| 1442-19 | T02-CN | Shihao section of the Xiaohan route |
Sanmenxia Henan China ( location ) |
37.17 ha | 1,206.72 ha | |
| 1442-20 | T03-CN | city Suoyang |
Jiuquan Gansu China ( location ) |
15,788.60 ha | 23,424.66 hectares |
 more pictures |
| 1442-21 | T04-CN | Xuanquanzhi Post Office |
Dunhuang Gansu China ( location ) |
824.26 ha | 2,647.39 hectares | |
| 1442-22 | T05-CN | Yumen pass | Dunhuang Gansu China ( location ) |
5,967.80 ha | 50,923.02 ha |
more pictures |
| 1442-23 | T06-CN | Kizilgaha lighthouse |
Aksu Xinjiang China ( location ) |
100.00 ha | 6,608.69 ha | |
| 1442-24 | T07-KZ | Site of Karamergen |
Audany Balqash Almaty Region Kazakhstan ( Location ) |
7.9 ha | 47.7 ha | |
| 1442-25 | R01-CN | Kizil grottoes | Aksu Xinjiang China ( location ) |
1,798.48 ha | 9,849.17 ha |
.jpg) more pictures |
| 1442-26 | R02-CN | Subashi Buddhist ruins | Aksu Xinjiang China ( location ) |
854.11 ha | 4,322.59 hectares |
 more pictures |
| 1442-27 | R03-CN | Bingling Temple |
Linxia Gansu China ( location ) |
132.62 ha | 2,044.37 hectares |
 more pictures |
| 1442-28 | R04-CN | Maijishan Grottoes |
Tianshui Gansu China ( location ) |
483.71 hectares | 1,259.28 hectares |
 more pictures |
| 1442-29 | R05-CN | Dafosi grottoes |
Xianyang Shaanxi China ( location ) |
34.68 ha | 587.26 ha | |
| 1442-30 | R06-CN | Big wild goose pagoda | Xi'an Shaanxi China ( location ) |
5.33 hectares | 354.32 hectares |
 more pictures |
| 1442-31 | R07-CN | Small wild goose pagoda | Xi'an Shaanxi China ( location ) |
3.97 hectares | 345.82 hectares |
 more pictures |
| 1442-32 | R08-CN | Xingjiao Temple | Xi'an Shaanxi China ( location ) |
2.08 ha | 428.77 hectares |
 more pictures |
| 1442-33 | A01-CN | Zhang Qian's tomb |
Hanzhong Shaanxi China ( location ) |
1.34 ha | 37.36 ha |
literature
- Routes of the Silk Road in the Tian Shan Mountains . In: The World Heritage . Frederking & Thaler, Munich 2015, ISBN 978-3-95416-181-2 , pp. 879 .
- Routes of the Silk Road in the Tian Shan Mountains . In: The UNESCO World Heritage . Kunth Verlag, Munich 2017, ISBN 978-3-95504-413-8 , pp. 408 .
- Silk Roads: Initial Section of the Silk Roads, the Routes Network of Tian-shan Corridor . Cultural Heritage Nominated by People's Republic of China, Republic of Kazakhstan, Kyrgyz Republic. January 2013 (5714 pp., Unesco.org [PDF; 1000 kB ]).
Web links
- Silk Roads: the road network of the Chang'an Tianshan Corridor on the UNESCO World Heritage Center website ( English and French ).
Individual evidence
- ↑ Official name English Silk Roads: the Routes Network of Chang'an-Tianshan Corridor , French Routes de la soie: le réseau de routes du corridor de Chang'an-Tian-shan , German translation according to the World Heritage List. In: www.unesco.de. German UNESCO Commission, accessed on January 31, 2019 .
- ^ A b c Silk Roads: the Routes Network of Chang'an-Tianshan Corridor. In: whc.unesco.org. UNESCO World Heritage Center, accessed January 31, 2019 .
- ↑ Decision: 38 COM 8B.24. In: whc.unesco.org. UNESCO World Heritage Center, accessed February 6, 2019 .
- ^ Silk Roads: the Routes Network of Chang'an-Tianshan Corridor. Maps. In: whc.unesco.org. UNESCO World Heritage Center, accessed February 5, 2019 .
Heritage: Great Wall of China (1987) | Imperial Palaces of the Ming and Qing Dynasties in Beijing ( Forbidden City ) and Shenyang (1987) | Mogao Grottoes (1987) | Qin Shihuangdis Mausoleum (1987) | Peking man's site in Zhoukoudian (1987) | Summer Residence and Eight Outer Temples near Chengde (1994) | Confucius Temple, Cemetery and Residence of the Kong Family in Qufu (1994) | Daoist shrines in the mountains of Wudang (1994) | Potala Palace (1994), Jokhang Temple (2000) and Norbulingka Palace (2001) | Lu Shan National Park (1996) | Lijiang Old Town (1997) | Old City of Pingyao (1997) | Classical Gardens of Suzhou (1997) | Yiheyuan Summer Palace (1998) | Temple of Heaven with imperial sacrificial altar in Beijing (1998) | Rock sculptures by Also (1999) | Mount Qingcheng Mountains and the Dujiangyan Irrigation System (2000) | Xidi and Hongcun Villages (2000) | Longmen Grottoes (2000) | Imperial Tombs of the Ming and Qing Dynasties (2000) | Yungang Grottoes (2001) | Capitals and Tombs of the Ancient Kingdom of Koguryo (2004) | Historic Center of Macau (2005) | Yinxu (2006) | Diaolou towers and villages in Kaiping (2007) | Tulou loam buildings in Fujian (2008) | Wutai Shan (2009) | Historical Monuments of Dengfeng (2010) | Cultural Landscape West Lake near Hangzhou (2011) | Xanadu Site (2012) | Hani rice terraces in Yunnan (2013) | Silk Roads: The Chang'an-Tianshan Corridor Road Network (2014) | Kaiserkanal (2014) | Tusi sites (2015) | Petroglyphs at Huashan and the Zuo Jiang River (2016) | Kulangsu: a Historic International Settlement (2017) | Liangzhu City Archaeological Ruins (2019)
Natural heritage: Jiuzhaigou Valley Landscape Park (1992) | Lime sinter terrace landscape Huanglong (1992) | Wulingyuan Landscape Park (1992) | Protection zones of the three parallel rivers of Yunnan (2003) | Sichuan Panda Nature Reserve (2006) | Karst landscapes in southern China (2007, 2014) | Sanqing Shan National Park (2008) | Danxia Shan at Shaoguan (2010) | Chengjiang Fossil Site (2012) | Tian Shan Mountains in Xinjiang (2013) | Shennongjia Forest Area (2016) | Qinghai Hoh Xil (2017) | Migratory bird sanctuaries along the coast of the Yellow Sea - Gulf of Bohai (Phase I) (2019)
Cultural / Natural Heritage: Tai Shan Mountain Region (1987) | Huang Shan Mountains (1990) | Mountain landscape of Emei Shan and Leshan Big Buddha (1996) | Wuyi Mountains (1999) | Fanjingshan (2018)
Cultural heritage: Mausoleum of Hodja Ahmad Yasawi (2003) | Petroglyphs from the Tamgaly archaeological site (2003) | Silk Roads: The Chang'an-Tianshan Corridor Road Network (2014)
Natural heritage: Saryarka steppe and lakes of Northern Kazakhstan (2008) | Western Tian Shan Mountains (2016)
Heritage: Sacred Mount Suleiman-Too (2003) | Silk Roads: The Chang'an-Tianshan Corridor Road Network (2014)
Natural Heritage: Western Tian Shan Mountains (2016)
Map with all coordinates: