Tusi sites
| Tusi sites | |
|---|---|
UNESCO world heritage 
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| Ruins of the Hailongtun fortress |
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| National territory: |
 People's Republic of China
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| Type: | Culture |
| Criteria : | (ii) (iii) |
| Surface: | 781.28 ha |
| Buffer zone: | 3,125.33 hectares |
| Reference No .: | 1474 |
| UNESCO region : | Asia and Pacific |
| History of enrollment | |
| Enrollment: | 2015 ( session 39 ) |
Tusi Sites is a UNESCO- listed World Heritage Site in the People's Republic of China . The World Heritage site comprises three archaeological sites belonging to administrative centers of the Tusi system.
background
The Tusi system (from Chinese 土司 , Pinyin tǔsī , W.-G. t'u-ssu - "chief / tribal leader") was a form of government, according to which in the empire of China since the 13th century in areas with national minorities tribal leaders or local princes were appointed Chinese officials. The title of a Tusi was inheritable. Tusi rulers existed in Yunnan , Guizhou , Sichuan , and Tibet, as well as in the Xiangxi autonomous districts in Hunan and Enshi in Hubei . After the establishment of the People's Republic of China , the Tusi system was abolished.
registration
Tusi sites were entered on the UNESCO World Heritage List as a cultural heritage site in 2015 based on a decision of the 39th session of the World Heritage Committee.
The reason for the entry states, among other things:
The three sites of Laosicheng, Tangya and the Hailongtun Fortress combine as a serial site to represent this system of government. ... Their combinations of local ethnic and central Chinese characteristics show an exchange of values and testify to Imperial Chinese administrative methods while maintaining their connection with the vibrant cultural traditions of the ethnic minorities brought about by the cultural traditions and practices of the Tujia community in Laosicheng be represented.
The entry was made on the basis of criteria (ii) and (iii).
(ii): The Tusi sites of Laosicheng, Tangya and the Hailongtun Fortress clearly show the exchange of human values between local ethnic cultures of southwest China and the national identity expressed through the structures of the central government.
(iii): The Laosicheng, Tangya and Hailongtun Fortress sites exemplify the Tusi system of government in the southwestern region of China and are an exceptional testimony to and for this form of governance stemming from previous systems of ethnic minority administration in China the Chinese civilization in the Yuan, Ming and Qing periods.
scope
The serial world heritage site consists of three separate areas. These cover a total of 781.28 ha of protection . The individual protection areas are each surrounded by buffer zones, which have a total area of 3,125.33 hectares.
| Ref. | designation | location | Protection area | Buffer zone | description |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1474-001 | Laosicheng |
Yongshun / Xiangxi / Hunan ( geographic coordinates ) |
534.24 ha | 1,023.93 ha | The city on the banks of the Lingxi . was built in 1135 and abandoned in 1724. It was the capital of the Peng clan. The excavated remains include the ruler's palace, the ancestral shrine of the Peng clan, a triumphal arch, streets paved with patterned pebbles, and a tomb complex. |
| 1474-002 | Tangya |
Xianfeng / Enshi / Hubei ( geographic coordinates ) |
86.62 ha | 973.61 ha | The city was built in 1355 and abandoned in 1755. It was the capital of Tangya, which was ruled by the Qin Dynasty. |
| 1474-003 | Hailongtun |
Huichuan / Zunyi / Guizhou ( geographic coordinates ) |
160.42 hectares | 1,127.79 hectares | The Bozhou fortress, built in 1257, was located on a mountain and was surrounded on three sides by inaccessible steep slopes. After the suppressed Bozhou uprising , the fortress was destroyed in 1600 and the Tusi rule dissolved. |
literature
- Tusi sites . In: The UNESCO World Heritage . Kunth Verlag, Munich 2017, ISBN 978-3-95504-413-8 , pp. 427 .
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ Official name English Tusi Sites , French Sites du tusi , German translation according to the World Heritage List. In: www.unesco.de. Retrieved November 12, 2017 .
- ↑ a b c d Tusi Sites. In: whc.unesco.org. UNESCO World Heritage Center, accessed November 8, 2017 .
- ↑ Decision: 39 COM 8B.12. In: whc.unesco.org. UNESCO World Heritage Center, accessed November 12, 2017 .
- ↑ Tusi Sites. Maps. In: whc.unesco.org. UNESCO World Heritage Center, accessed November 13, 2017 .
- ↑ Site of Laosicheng Tusi domain. In: www.travelchinaguide.com. Retrieved November 13, 2017 .
- ↑ Laosicheng Becomes the First World Cultural Heritage in Hunan. In: english.rednet.cn. Retrieved November 13, 2017 .
- ↑ Hailongtun - the Demise of a Tusi Lord. (No longer available online.) In: www.chinascenic.com. Archived from the original on November 16, 2017 ; accessed on November 14, 2017 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
Heritage: Great Wall of China (1987) | Imperial Palaces of the Ming and Qing Dynasties in Beijing ( Forbidden City ) and Shenyang (1987) | Mogao Grottoes (1987) | Qin Shihuangdis Mausoleum (1987) | Peking man's site in Zhoukoudian (1987) | Summer Residence and Eight Outer Temples near Chengde (1994) | Confucius Temple, Cemetery and Residence of the Kong Family in Qufu (1994) | Daoist shrines in the mountains of Wudang (1994) | Potala Palace (1994), Jokhang Temple (2000) and Norbulingka Palace (2001) | Lu Shan National Park (1996) | Lijiang Old Town (1997) | Old City of Pingyao (1997) | Classical Gardens of Suzhou (1997) | Yiheyuan Summer Palace (1998) | Temple of Heaven with imperial sacrificial altar in Beijing (1998) | Rock sculptures by Also (1999) | Mount Qingcheng Mountains and the Dujiangyan Irrigation System (2000) | Xidi and Hongcun Villages (2000) | Longmen Grottoes (2000) | Imperial Tombs of the Ming and Qing Dynasties (2000) | Yungang Grottoes (2001) | Capitals and Tombs of the Ancient Kingdom of Koguryo (2004) | Historic Center of Macau (2005) | Yinxu (2006) | Diaolou towers and villages in Kaiping (2007) | Tulou loam buildings in Fujian (2008) | Wutai Shan (2009) | Historical Monuments of Dengfeng (2010) | Cultural Landscape West Lake near Hangzhou (2011) | Xanadu Site (2012) | Hani rice terraces in Yunnan (2013) | Silk Roads: The Chang'an-Tianshan Corridor Road Network (2014) | Kaiserkanal (2014) | Tusi sites (2015) | Petroglyphs at Huashan and the Zuo Jiang River (2016) | Kulangsu: a Historic International Settlement (2017) | Liangzhu City Archaeological Ruins (2019)
Natural heritage: Jiuzhaigou Valley Landscape Park (1992) | Lime sinter terrace landscape Huanglong (1992) | Wulingyuan Landscape Park (1992) | Protection zones of the three parallel rivers of Yunnan (2003) | Sichuan Panda Nature Reserve (2006) | Karst landscapes in southern China (2007, 2014) | Sanqing Shan National Park (2008) | Danxia Shan at Shaoguan (2010) | Chengjiang Fossil Site (2012) | Tian Shan Mountains in Xinjiang (2013) | Shennongjia Forest Area (2016) | Qinghai Hoh Xil (2017) | Migratory bird sanctuaries along the coast of the Yellow Sea - Gulf of Bohai (Phase I) (2019)
Cultural / Natural Heritage: Tai Shan Mountain Region (1987) | Huang Shan Mountains (1990) | Mountain landscape of Emei Shan and Leshan Big Buddha (1996) | Wuyi Mountains (1999) | Fanjingshan (2018)
Map with all coordinates: