Yinxu
| Yinxu | |
|---|---|
UNESCO world heritage 
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| Yin ruins |
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| National territory: |
 People's Republic of China
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| Type: | Culture |
| Criteria : | ii, iii, iv, vi |
| Reference No .: | 1114 |
| UNESCO region : | Asia and Pacific |
| History of enrollment | |
| Enrollment: | 2006 (session 30) |
Yinxu ( Chinese 殷墟 , Pinyin Yīnxū - "Ruins of Yin") are the remains of the capital Yin of the later Shang Dynasty , which are located on the two banks of the Huan He River ( 洹 河 ), in the Xijiao ( 西郊 乡 ) community Yindu District ( 殷 都 区 ) of the prefecture-level city of Anyang , in northwestern Henan Province in the People's Republic of China . The most important sites in Xijiao were the villages of Xiaotun ( 小屯 ) and Huayuanzhuang ( 花园 庄 ). The ruins date from the 14th to 11th centuries BC. Chr. Yin was of Pan Geng intended for capital and remained so until the end of the Shang Dynasty.
Entry in the world heritage list
The site has been on the List of Monuments of the People's Republic of China (1-142) since 1961 . At the meeting of the UNESCO World Heritage Committee in Vilnius from 8-16 In July 2006, Yinxu was added to the UNESCO World Heritage List. The entry was justified with the fact that Yinxu, as the former capital of the late Shang Dynasty, represented an exchange of different cultures and a high point in the Chinese Bronze Age. The palace complexes, shrines and royal tombs are evidence of early Chinese architecture and prototypes for facilities in later times. The material relics of Yinxu would testify to the early development of the Chinese script and language, social organization and important historical events.
History of discovery and finds
Oracle bones were discovered here at the end of the 19th and beginning of the 20th century , but the first systematic official exploration did not begin until 1928 under the direction of Li Ji . The archaeological excavations were interrupted in 1937 by the Second Sino-Japanese War and only resumed under new management decades later after the end of the Chinese Civil War .
During the first phase of the excavation, 300 graves, including four royal tombs, and the remains of a royal palace were discovered. The finds included early evidence of Chinese bronze art and numerous oracle bones described .
More than 4500 individual characters have been identified on the oracle bones from Yinxu, of which more than 1700 could be deciphered. These characters are forerunners of the modern Chinese script. A new discipline is developing from research on oracle bones.
In 1976, archaeologists discovered the unlooted tomb of Fu Hao (wife of Shang King Wu Ding ) 100 meters north of Xiaotun Village in Anyang . There, a total of 1928 found objects - including 468 bronze vessels and 755 objects of jade - and nearly 7,000 cowries that in what was then China had cash (see cowrie money ).
literature
- Robert Bageley: Shang Archeology . In The Cambridge History of Ancient China: From the Origins of Civilization to 221 BC . Cambridge University Press 1999, ISBN 0-521-47030-7
- "Anyang", in: Microsoft Encarta Online Encyclopedia 2009
Web links
- Excavations at Anyang
- Entry on the UNESCO World Heritage Center website ( English and French ).
Individual evidence
Heritage: Great Wall of China (1987) | Imperial Palaces of the Ming and Qing Dynasties in Beijing ( Forbidden City ) and Shenyang (1987) | Mogao Grottoes (1987) | Qin Shihuangdis Mausoleum (1987) | Peking man's site in Zhoukoudian (1987) | Summer Residence and Eight Outer Temples near Chengde (1994) | Confucius Temple, Cemetery and Residence of the Kong Family in Qufu (1994) | Daoist shrines in the mountains of Wudang (1994) | Potala Palace (1994), Jokhang Temple (2000) and Norbulingka Palace (2001) | Lu Shan National Park (1996) | Lijiang Old Town (1997) | Old City of Pingyao (1997) | Classical Gardens of Suzhou (1997) | Yiheyuan Summer Palace (1998) | Temple of Heaven with imperial sacrificial altar in Beijing (1998) | Rock sculptures by Also (1999) | Mount Qingcheng Mountains and the Dujiangyan Irrigation System (2000) | Xidi and Hongcun Villages (2000) | Longmen Grottoes (2000) | Imperial Tombs of the Ming and Qing Dynasties (2000) | Yungang Grottoes (2001) | Capitals and Tombs of the Ancient Kingdom of Koguryo (2004) | Historic Center of Macau (2005) | Yinxu (2006) | Diaolou towers and villages in Kaiping (2007) | Tulou loam buildings in Fujian (2008) | Wutai Shan (2009) | Historical Monuments of Dengfeng (2010) | Cultural Landscape West Lake near Hangzhou (2011) | Xanadu Site (2012) | Hani rice terraces in Yunnan (2013) | Silk Roads: The Chang'an-Tianshan Corridor Road Network (2014) | Kaiserkanal (2014) | Tusi sites (2015) | Petroglyphs at Huashan and the Zuo Jiang River (2016) | Kulangsu: a Historic International Settlement (2017) | Liangzhu City Archaeological Ruins (2019)
Natural heritage: Jiuzhaigou Valley Landscape Park (1992) | Lime sinter terrace landscape Huanglong (1992) | Wulingyuan Landscape Park (1992) | Protection zones of the three parallel rivers of Yunnan (2003) | Sichuan Panda Nature Reserve (2006) | Karst landscapes in southern China (2007, 2014) | Sanqing Shan National Park (2008) | Danxia Shan at Shaoguan (2010) | Chengjiang Fossil Site (2012) | Tian Shan Mountains in Xinjiang (2013) | Shennongjia Forest Area (2016) | Qinghai Hoh Xil (2017) | Migratory bird sanctuaries along the coast of the Yellow Sea - Gulf of Bohai (Phase I) (2019)
Cultural / Natural Heritage: Tai Shan Mountain Region (1987) | Huang Shan Mountains (1990) | Mountain landscape of Emei Shan and Leshan Big Buddha (1996) | Wuyi Mountains (1999) | Fanjingshan (2018)
Coordinates: 36 ° 7 ′ 36 ″ N , 114 ° 18 ′ 50 ″ E