Rock sculptures by also
The rock sculptures of Besides ( Chinese 大 足 石刻 , Pinyin Dàzú Shíkè , English Additionally Rock Carvings ) are a series of religious sculptures in China that go back to the 7th century. Their representation is influenced by Buddhist , Confucian and Daoist worlds of thought. The cave temples of the Tang and Song times are also subsumed under the term.
The sites have been on the UNESCO World Heritage List since 1999 . Under the heading of stone carvings byAdditional , 75 protected sites are combined, which contain an estimated 50,000 statues - with fully sculptural figures alternating with half or bas-reliefs - with over 100,000 Chinese characters from inscriptions and epigraphs . The facility is located in steep slopes of the circle This (near the city of Chongqing ). The stone carvings of the mountains Baodingshan and Beishan are artistic highlights.
The earliest stone carvings were started in the early Tang Dynasty in 650 , but the main creative period began in the late 9th century when Wei Junjing ( 韦君靖 ), the prefect of Changzhou ( 昌 州 ), paved the way for the Beishan Mount carvings and After the collapse of the Tang Dynasty, officials and members of the upper class, monks and nuns and commoners followed his example during the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms (907-65). In the 12th century, during the Song Dynasty , a Buddhist monk named Zhao Zhifeng ( 赵智凤 ) began work on the most elaborate sculptures and carvings on Baodingshan Mountain, devoting 70 years of his life to this project.
The Chinese art historian Li Fangyin did a great job researching stone carvings.
In addition to the Beishan and Baodingshan mountains, there are other sites that can be found in the following overview.
The individual sites
- Berg Bei ( Bei shan 北山 ): a 300 m long rock face with more than 10,000 sculptures, more than half of which depict themes from Tantric Buddhism
- Baoding Mountain ( Baoding shan 宝顶 山 ): horseshoe-shaped site on the edge of a gorge with two groups of sculptures that are considered to be the apotheosis of Chinese rock carving, including the " Avalokitesvara with a Thousand Arms" ( Qianshou Guanyin ) (in reality there are 1007 ) particularly noteworthy
- Mount Nan ( Nan shan 南山 ): a site with sculptures from the 12th century, mainly dealing with Daoist themes
- Mount Shizhuan ( Shizhuan shan 石 篆 山 ): a site with sculptures from the end of the 11th century depicting Buddhist, Daoist and Confucian themes, respectively
- Mount Shimen ( Shimen shan 石门山 ): a site with sculptures from the first half of the 12th century, in which Buddhist and Taoist themes are dealt with
The stone carvings ( Beishan and Baodingshan ) have been on the list of monuments of the People's Republic of China in Chongqing (1-45 and 1-46) since 1961 .
gallery
literature
- Angela Falco Howard: Summit of Treasures - Buddhist Cave Art of Besides, China. Bangkok: Orchid Press 2001; ISBN 974-524-007-9
- Zhongguo da baike quanshu : Kaoguxue (Great Chinese Encyclopedia: Volume Archeology). Beijing: Zhongguo da baike quanshu chubanshe, 1986
Web links
- Baodingshan Rock Carvings, also
- The caves in addition - treasure chamber of stone carving
- Documents for the evaluation of ICOMOS (1997 and 2000) (English; PDF; 165 kB)
- Les sculptures rupestres de This (French) (ChinaToday)
- Entry on the UNESCO World Heritage Center website ( English and French ).
Individual evidence
- ↑ UNESCO World Heritage Center: In addition rock carvings. Accessed August 17, 2017 .
- ↑ http://www.art-and-archaeology.com/china/baoding/ba11d.html
- ↑ http://www.luoshiyy.com/zypt/ShowArticle.asp?ArticleID=246 ( page no longer available , search in web archives ) Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
Heritage: Great Wall of China (1987) | Imperial Palaces of the Ming and Qing Dynasties in Beijing ( Forbidden City ) and Shenyang (1987) | Mogao Grottoes (1987) | Qin Shihuangdis Mausoleum (1987) | Peking man's site in Zhoukoudian (1987) | Summer Residence and Eight Outer Temples near Chengde (1994) | Confucius Temple, Cemetery and Residence of the Kong Family in Qufu (1994) | Daoist shrines in the mountains of Wudang (1994) | Potala Palace (1994), Jokhang Temple (2000) and Norbulingka Palace (2001) | Lu Shan National Park (1996) | Lijiang Old Town (1997) | Old City of Pingyao (1997) | Classical Gardens of Suzhou (1997) | Yiheyuan Summer Palace (1998) | Temple of Heaven with imperial sacrificial altar in Beijing (1998) | Rock sculptures by Also (1999) | Mount Qingcheng Mountains and the Dujiangyan Irrigation System (2000) | Xidi and Hongcun Villages (2000) | Longmen Grottoes (2000) | Imperial Tombs of the Ming and Qing Dynasties (2000) | Yungang Grottoes (2001) | Capitals and Tombs of the Ancient Kingdom of Koguryo (2004) | Historic Center of Macau (2005) | Yinxu (2006) | Diaolou towers and villages in Kaiping (2007) | Tulou loam buildings in Fujian (2008) | Wutai Shan (2009) | Historical Monuments of Dengfeng (2010) | Cultural Landscape West Lake near Hangzhou (2011) | Xanadu Site (2012) | Hani rice terraces in Yunnan (2013) | Silk Roads: The Chang'an-Tianshan Corridor Road Network (2014) | Kaiserkanal (2014) | Tusi sites (2015) | Petroglyphs at Huashan and the Zuo Jiang River (2016) | Kulangsu: a Historic International Settlement (2017) | Liangzhu City Archaeological Ruins (2019)
Natural heritage: Jiuzhaigou Valley Landscape Park (1992) | Lime sinter terrace landscape Huanglong (1992) | Wulingyuan Landscape Park (1992) | Protection zones of the three parallel rivers of Yunnan (2003) | Sichuan Panda Nature Reserve (2006) | Karst landscapes in southern China (2007, 2014) | Sanqing Shan National Park (2008) | Danxia Shan at Shaoguan (2010) | Chengjiang Fossil Site (2012) | Tian Shan Mountains in Xinjiang (2013) | Shennongjia Forest Area (2016) | Qinghai Hoh Xil (2017) | Migratory bird sanctuaries along the coast of the Yellow Sea - Gulf of Bohai (Phase I) (2019)
Cultural / Natural Heritage: Tai Shan Mountain Region (1987) | Huang Shan Mountains (1990) | Mountain landscape of Emei Shan and Leshan Big Buddha (1996) | Wuyi Mountains (1999) | Fanjingshan (2018)
Coordinates: 29 ° 44 ′ 39.3 " N , 105 ° 47 ′ 37.6" E