Imperial tombs of the Ming and Qing dynasties

Imperial tombs of the Ming and Qing dynasties 明清 皇家 陵寝
UNESCO world heritage
Qianlong's Mausoleum in Yuling
National territory:	People's Republic of China
Type:	Culture
Criteria :	(i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (vi)
Surface:	3437.94 ha
Buffer zone:	23,429.44 ha
Reference No .:	1004
UNESCO region :	Asia and Pacific
History of enrollment
Enrollment:	2000  (session 24)
Extension:	2003, 2004

The imperial tombs of the Ming and Qing dynasties ( 明清 皇家 陵寢  /  明清 皇家 陵寝 , Míng qīng huángjiā língqǐn ) are several tombs of the emperors of China and their wives, which were built in the 15th to 18th centuries during the Ming dynasty (1368-1644) and Qing dynasty (1644-1911) emerged. The tombs are spread over several regions of China.

list

1 2 3 4th 5 6th 7th 8th 9 10 11 12 13 14th

Tombs of the Ming and Qing dynasties (numbering according to the table)

The world heritage includes the following 14 sites according to the numbering of UNESCO:

UNESCO number	Surname	place	province	Coordinates	Protection zone (ha)	Buffer zone (ha)
1004-001	Ming Xianling Mausoleum 明显 陵	Zhongxiang	Hubei	31 ° 1 ′ 0 ″  N , 112 ° 39 ′ 0 ″  E	87.6	226.4
1004-002	Eastern Qing Tombs 清 东陵	Zunhua	Hebei	41 ° 11 ′ 0 ″  N , 117 ° 38 ′ 0 ″  E	224	7800
1004-003	Western Qing Tombs 清西陵	District Yi ( Baoding )	Hebei	39 ° 20 ′ 0 ″  N , 115 ° 13 ′ 0 ″  E	1842	4758
1004-004	13 Ming tombs 明 十三陵	Changping District	Beijing	40 ° 16 '10.4 "  N , 116 ° 14' 40.6"  E	823	8100
1004-005	Ming Xiaoling Mausoleum (Emperor Hongwu ) 明孝陵	Nanjing	Jiangsu	32 ° 3 ′ 30 ″  N , 118 ° 51 ′ 7 ″  E	116	-
1004-006	Tomb of Chang Yuchun 常 遇春	Nanjing	Jiangsu	32 ° 3 ′ 44 "  N , 118 ° 49 ′ 54"  E	0.98	-
1004-007	Tomb of Qiu Cheng 仇 成	Nanjing	Jiangsu	32 ° 3 ′ 51 ″  N , 118 ° 49 ′ 59 ″  E	0.55	-
1004-008	Tomb of Wu Liang 吴良	Nanjing	Jiangsu	32 ° 4 ′ 0 ″  N , 118 ° 49 ′ 51 ″  E	0.4	-
1004-009	Tomb of Wu Zhen 吴 桢	Nanjing	Jiangsu	32 ° 4 ′ 5 "  N , 118 ° 49 ′ 57"  E	0.35	-
1004-010	Tomb of Xu Da 徐达	Nanjing	Jiangsu	32 ° 4 ′ 30 "  N , 118 ° 50 ′ 6"  E	0.85	-
1004-011	Tomb of Li Wenzhong 李文忠	Nanjing	Jiangsu	32 ° 4 ′ 47 "  N , 118 ° 50 ′ 23"  E	0.87	180
1004-012	Qing Dynasty Yongling Mausoleum 永陵	Xinbin County ( Fushun )	Liaoning	41 ° 20 ′ 37 "  N , 124 ° 49 ′ 18"  E	236.59	1343.9399
1004-013	Fuling Mausoleum from the Qing Dynasty 福 福	Shenyang	Liaoning	41 ° 49 ′ 34 "  N , 123 ° 34 ′ 49"  E	53.86	702.36
1004-014	Zhaoling Mausoleum from the Qing Dynasty 清 昭陵	Shenyang	Liaoning	41 ° 50 ′ 29 "  N , 123 ° 25 ′ 4"  E	47.89	318.74

meaning

The graves are on the list of monuments of the People's Republic of China (see under the individual provinces) and on the list of UNESCO World Heritage .

UNESCO describes the importance of the graves with five criteria: the graves are a masterful example of the integration of architecture and natural surroundings according to the principles of Fengshui . They represent the further development of earlier art forms in the Ming and Qing times and are excellent evidence of a cultural and architectural tradition that has shaped this world region for over 500 years. The connection between architecture and nature forms a unique cultural landscape; the tombs illustrated the worldview, beliefs and geomantic principles of feudal China.

History of enrollment

On December 2, 2000, the first four above-mentioned graves were inscribed in the world heritage. On July 5, 2003, the Xiaoling Mausoleum from the Ming Dynasty (1004-005) and the graves of several imperial officials of the Ming Dynasty in Nanjing (1004-005 to 1004-011) were added to the World Heritage List. On July 7, 2004, three more tombs from the 17th century in Liaoning Province ( Yongling Mausoleum , Fuling Mausoleum , Zhaoling Mausoleum ) were added to the World Heritage Complex (1004-012 to 1004-014).

Web links

• Imperial Tombs of the Ming and Qing Dynasties on the UNESCO World Heritage Center website ( English and French ).

Individual evidence

1. ^ Imperial Tombs of the Ming and Qing Dynasties: Multiple Locations (14). UNESCO website, accessed January 3, 2019 . 
2. ↑ ^{a b c} UNESCO World Heritage Center: Imperial Tombs of the Ming and Qing Dynasties. Retrieved March 30, 2017 (English). 

 Map with all coordinates: OSM | WikiMap