Norbulingka

Tibetan name
Tibetan script : ནོར་བུ་ གླིང་ ཀ
Wylie transliteration : nor bu gling kha
Pronunciation in IPA : [ noːpuliŋka ]
Official transcription of the PRCh : Norbulingka
THDL transcription : Norbulingka
Other spellings: Norbulinka
Chinese name
Traditional : 羅布林卡
Simplified : 罗布林卡
Pinyin : Luóbùlínkǎ

The Norbulingka is a palace and a park in Lhasa ( Tibet , China ), the summer residence of the Dalai Lama served.

history

There was originally a willow grove at the site of the facility . For around 250 years, the Lhasa Summer Palace has been expanded and rebuilt by the various Dalai Lamas again and again. The establishment was carried out on the instructions of the Sino-Tibetan Amban , who wanted to create a representative residence for the 7th Dalai Lama . He had more buildings built in 1755 and gave the palace the name Norbulingka ("Jewel Garden"). Since around 1780, the Norbulingka traditionally served the Dalai Lama as a summer residence from the fourth to the ninth month of the Tibetan calendar .

In 1950, Tibet was incorporated into the People's Republic of China . Although the Chinese government guaranteed cultural and religious sovereignty in an agreement, reprisals, repression and bans also increased in Tibet. In early March 1959, rumors spread that the arrest of the very young 14th Dalai Lama was imminent. For this reason, on March 10, 1959, around 30,000 Tibetans surrounded the Norbulingka Palace to form a human shield for the supreme head of Buddhism. On March 15, 3,000 bodyguards of the Dalai Lama left the palace and took position on a prepared escape route. At 4 pm on March 17th, the Chinese " People's Liberation Army " fired two mortar shells at the Norbulingka. This made it clear that the Chinese government actually wanted to eliminate the Dalai Lama. That same evening at 10 p.m. the Dalai Lama, disguised as a soldier with a rifle on his shoulder, left the Norbulingka Palace, never to see Tibet again to this day. According to Tibetan sources, Chinese soldiers fired 800 grenades at the Norbulingka. Thousands of men, women and children who were still around the palace walls were killed; Tens of thousands fled to India. In the end, the palace was in ruins. Contrary to this information, the British couple Roma and Stuart, who visited Lhasa for a long time in the summer of 1962, reported that the palace was found intact and that the Dalai Lama's apartment was originally preserved as a museum. It has been publicly available to the people since October 2, 1959 (the anniversary of the Chinese revolution). The building would not have been rebuilt, but looked like a photo in the Dalai Lama's autobiography. There would have been only a few deaths among the armed men in Sera monastery.

After Tibet was granted an autonomous status, the Tibetans began restoring the buildings that had been preserved and, from the early 1980s, began to rebuild the facility true to the original. Today the Norbulingka is a museum open to the public. The park has an area of ​​36 hectares. Since 1988, the Norbulingka is on the list of monuments of the People's Republic of China , and since 2001 he has been a part of the "historical complex of the Potala Palace " World Heritage of UNESCO .

gallery

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  Summer Palace of the 14th Dalai Lama in Norbulingka

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  Park of the Norbulingka

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  The stables of the Dalai Lamas in Norbulingka, photographed in 1986

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  Dance at the "Yoghurt Festival" (Tib .: zho ston ) in Norbulingka, photographed in 1993

literature

• ལྗོངས་ རིག་ དངོས་ དོ་ དམ / Xīzàng zìzhìqū wénguǎnhuì 西藏自治区 文 管 会 (ed.): ནོར་བུ་ གླིང་ ག་ / Luóbùlínkǎ jiǎnzhì罗布林卡 简 志, Lhasa, Xīzàng rénmín chūbǎnshì 2004 .è 西藏 人民出版社 人民出版社, ISBN 7-223-01503-9 .

Web links

Commons : Norbulingka  - collection of images, videos and audio files

• Entry on the UNESCO World Heritage Center website ( English and French ).

Individual evidence

1. ↑ Chinese transcription Niǎoyáo Pōzhāng鸟 尧 颇 章 or translation Liángtínggōng凉亭 宫.
2. ↑ Chinese transcription Gésāng Pōzhāng格桑 颇 章 or translation Xiànjiégōng贤劫 宫.
3. ↑ ^{a b} Guójiā cèhuìjú dìmíng yánjiūsuǒ 国家 测绘 局 地名 研究所, Xīzàng dìmíng西藏 地名 / bod ljongs sa ming བོད་ ལྗོངས་ ས་ མིང (Tibetan place names) , Beijing, Zhōngguó Zàngxué chūbǎ藏nsh 出版社 中国 1995; ISBN 7-80057-284-6 , p. 288.
4. ↑ Ludwig Witzani: Tibet. In the land of the living gods. epubli, 2014; P. 66.
5. ↑ Tseten Samdup: The uprising in Lhasa and the flight of the Dalai Lama. (P. 42 f.) Tibetisches Zentrum eV; accessed on September 1, 2017
6. ↑ Gelder, Stuart; The Timely Rain; London 1964 (Hutchinson), chap. 22nd

Coordinates: 29 ° 39 '15.9 "  N , 91 ° 5' 29.7"  E