Berjosowo (Khanty and Mansi)

Urban-type settlement Beryozovo Берёзово ( Russian ) Сўмӑтвош ( Khanty ) Ха̄льӯс ( Mansi ) flag coat of arms Federal district Ural region Autonomous circle of the Khanty and Mansi / Ugra Rajon Beryosovo head Valery Krasnov Founded 1593 Earlier names Beryosov (until 1926) Urban-type settlement since 1954 population 7287 inhabitants (as of Oct. 14, 2010) Height of the center 20  m Time zone UTC + 5 Telephone code (+7) 34674 Post Code 628140 License Plate 86, 186 OKATO 71 112 651 Website www.gradberezov.ru Geographical location Coordinates 63 ° 56 '  N , 65 ° 3'  E Coordinates: 63 ° 56 '0 "  N , 65 ° 3' 0"  E

Situation in Russia

Location in the Khanty and Mansi Autonomous Okrug / Ugra

Beryozovo ( Russian Берёзово ; Khanty Сўмӑтвош ; Mansi Ха̄льӯс ) is an urban-type settlement in the West Siberian autonomous district of Khanty-Mansi / Yugra ( Russia ) with 7287 inhabitants (as of October 14, 2010).

geography

The settlement is located in the West Siberian lowlands about 400 kilometers as the crow flies northwest of the administrative center of the Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug , on the left bank of the Northern Sosva 35 kilometers above its confluence with the left Ob -Arm (Little Ob). Immediately below Berjosowo, the Vogulka flows into the Northern Soswa from the left .

Berjosowo is the administrative center of the Berjosowo Rajons of the same name . The administration of the settlement (Gorodskoje posselenije) also includes the villages Deminskaya (7 km downstream) and Shaitanka (25 km upstream) and Tutleim on the Vogulka (20 km west), which are also on the left bank of the Northern Sosva.

history

Menshikov in Berjosow (painting by Vasily Surikow , 1881)

Berjosowo is one of the oldest Russian settlements on the other side of the Urals. It was founded as a fortress ( Ostrog ) by Cossacks as early as 1593 . The name is derived from the Russian word berjosa for birch ; the chantic name is synonymous. In the 17th century the place was a regional administrative center and an important trading center, especially for the export of furs from this part of western Siberia. In 1764 the place received city ​​rights as Berjosow as the administrative center of a Ujesds of the Tobolsk governorate . The city later became the center of an okrug from the governorate of the same name .

In the 18th and 19th centuries Berjosow , which is relatively easy to reach via Irtysh and Ob, was reached and described several times by explorers, including Gerhard Friedrich Müller (during the Second Kamchatka Expedition in the 1730s), Vasily Sujew (commissioned as a 17-year-old student Peter Simon Pallas ' during his Siberian expedition in 1771), Georg Adolf Erman (during his trip around the earth in 1828) and Otto Finsch (1876).

From the second half of the 18th century, Berjosow lost its economic importance, as the trade routes to Siberia now ran further south, first the Siberian tract , later the Trans-Siberian Railway . In addition, the place burned almost completely three times (1719, 1808 and 1887). In November 1923 it became the center of a Rajon as part of an administrative reform; on April 5, 1926, however, the city status was revoked and the place became a village (selo) under its current name.

With the discovery of the first natural gas deposit in Western Siberia on the outskirts of Berjosovo in September 1953 and the further exploration of this deposit, the population multiplied again, and on April 8, 1954 Berjosowo received the status of an urban-type settlement. The exploitation of the Beryozovskoye gas field began in 1963.

Berjosowo as a place of exile

Since the early 18th century, Beryosov was also a place of exile . In 1724 Tsar Peter I designated the Berjosower Ostrog as a prison for traitors and other political prisoners. One of the first inmates was Prince Alexander Menshikov , who died there in 1729. Other prominent prisoners were Prince Alexei Dolgoruki († 1734 in Berjosow), Duke Biron (from November 6, 1741 to February 27, 1742) and the statesman and diplomat Heinrich Ostermann († 1747 in Berjosow).

In the 19th century, Decembrists and revolutionaries (including Vasily Nogin ) were exiled to Berjosow . Leon Trotsky fled Beryosov in 1907 while he was being sent to his second exile in Obdorsk (today Salekhard), which is further down the mountain . Even in the Soviet period, the place remained a destination for exiles and “special settlers” during the Stalin purges until the early 1960s .

Population development

year	Residents
1701	331
1862	1,462
1897	1,070
1939	3,334
1959	6,756
1970	6.222
1979	6,953
1989	7,573
2002	7,085
2010	7,287

Note: from 1897 census data

Culture and sights

The Church of the Mother of God, whose cemetery is also where Menshikov is buried. Summer 2014

In Berjosowo there has been a local museum since 1979 in a building from the end of the 19th century. More stone and wood house from this period have survived, as did the Virgin Birth Church ( церковь Рождества Пресвятой Богородицы / Zerkow Roschdestwa Preswjatoi Bogoroditsy ) of 1786. The symbol of the village include a Menshikov Monument and the stylized hole R-1 as Monument to the discovery of the first natural gas in Western Siberia. There is also a center for the culture and art of the peoples of the north .

Economy and Infrastructure

The main branch of the economy is natural gas production; in addition, there is inland fishing.

Beryosovo is not connected to the Russian road network. The nearest railway station is about 150 kilometers south (upwards) in Priobje , the end point of a route from Serow via Ivdel on the Urals . To Priobje and other places (such as Khanty-Mansiysk, Jugorsk , Igrim ) there is a ship connection via Ob and Northern Sosva during the ice-free period, otherwise via ice roads on these rivers.

Beryosovo Airport ( ICAO code USHB ) has connections to various airports in the Autonomous Okrug and to Tyumen (mainly served by UTair ); small settlements in the Rajons are approached by helicopter .

Individual evidence

1. ↑ ^{a b} Itogi Vserossijskoj perepisi naselenija 2010 goda. Tom 1. Čislennostʹ i razmeščenie naselenija (Results of the All-Russian Census 2010. Volume 1. Number and distribution of the population). Tables 5 , pp. 12-209; 11 , pp. 312–979 (download from the website of the Federal Service for State Statistics of the Russian Federation)
2. ^ Eduard Winkelmann:  Ernst Johann, Duke of Courland . In: Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie (ADB). Volume 6, Duncker & Humblot, Leipzig 1877, pp. 286-291.
3. ↑ Information about the museum and other sights at museum.ru (Russian)

Web links

Commons : Berjosowo  - collection of pictures, videos and audio files

• Official website of the local government (Russian)