Gerhard Friedrich Müller

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Gerhard Friedrich Müller (also Fyodor Ivanovich Miller * 29. October 1705 in Herford , Westphalia , † October 11 . Jul / 22. October  1783 greg. In Moscow ) was a German historian, geographer, Russia researcher and explorer. He is called "the father of Siberian historiography".

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Gerhard Friedrich Müller

Müller first attended the Friedrichs-Gymnasium Herford , where his father was principal. He studied philosophy and history at the University of Rinteln and the University of Leipzig . In 1725 he went to Saint Petersburg and worked there as a history and Latin teacher at the Russian Academy of Sciences, which was founded in 1724/25 . At the age of 25 he was appointed full professor at the Academy of Sciences in 1730, as had only one compatriot before in 1725, the polymath Johann Peter Kohl . In 1730 Müller was elected a member ( Fellow ) of the Royal Society .

He traveled to Holland and England on the Academy's research assignment . After his return he was entrusted with Johann Georg Gmelin by Tsarina Anna Ivanovna to lead the historical and ethnographic working group of the Second Kamchatka Expedition (1733–1743). In 1736, Professor Müller found evidence in the archives of the Yakutsk Chancellery that it was not Vitus Bering who was the first to cross the Bering Strait in 1728 , but the Russian fur trader Semyon Deshnev years earlier . In 1761 he became a corresponding member of the Académie des Sciences .

Fonts

  • Gerard Fridrich Miller [Gerhard Friedrich Müller]: Opisanie sibirskich narodov. [Description of Siberian peoples] . Edited by Aleksandr Christianovich Elert and Wieland Hintzsche. Pamjatniki Istoricheskoj Mysli, Moscow 2009.
  • Gerhard Friedrich Müller: Ethnographic writings I . Edited by Wieland Hintzsche and Aleksandr Christianovich Elert with the assistance of Heike Heklau. Verlag der Francke Foundations zu Halle, Harrassowitz Verlag in commission (= sources on the history of Siberia and Alaska from Russian archives , vol. 8, part 1: Description of the Siberian peoples [approx. 1736–1747]). Halle 2010, ISBN 978-3-447-06402-6 .

literature

  • Joseph Lawrence Black: GF Müller and the Imperial Russian Academy of Sciences, 1725-1783: First Steps in the Development of the Historical Sciences in Russia McGill-Queen's University Press, Kingston-Montréal 1986, ISBN 0-7735-0553-9 .
  • Joseph Lawrence Black, Dieter K. Buse: G.-F. Müller and Siberia, 1733-1743. With translations of German materials by Victoria Joan Moessner (= Russia and Asia Series, Vol. 1). Limestone Press, Kingston, Ontario / Fairbanks, Alaska 1989, ISBN 0-919642-23-3 .
  • Aleksander Christianovich Elert: Ekspedicionnye materialy GF Millera kak istocnik po istorii Sibiri [travel report 1733–1743, Kamchatka peninsula]. Akademija Nauk SSSR, Sibirskoe Otdelenie, Institut Istorii, Filologii i Filosofii, Novosibirsk, 1990. ISBN 5-02-029627-9 .
  • Gudrun Bucher: "On the description of the customs and traditions of the people". The instructions of Gerhard Friedrich Müller and their significance for the history of ethnology and historical science (= sources and studies on the history of Eastern Europe , vol. 63). Franz Steiner Verlag, Stuttgart 2002, ISBN 3-515-07890-8 .
  • Ludwig Stieda :  Müller, Gerhard Friedrich von . In: Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie (ADB). Volume 22, Duncker & Humblot, Leipzig 1885, pp. 547-553.
  • Claus Priesner:  Müller, Gerhard Friedrich von. In: New German Biography (NDB). Volume 18, Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 1997, ISBN 3-428-00199-0 , p. 394 f. ( Digitized version ).
  • Peter Hoffmann: Gerhard Friedrich Müller (1705-1783): historian, geographer, archivist in the service of Russia . Peter Lang, Frankfurt am Main 2005, ISBN 3-631-54586-X .
  • Konstantin Kaminskij: The Norman dispute as the founding battle of Russian historiography. On the poetics of initial scientific narratives . In: Thomas Wallnig [et al.] (Ed.): European cultures of history around 1700 between scholarship, politics and denomination . de Gruyter, Berlin 2012, ISBN 978-3-11-025918-6 , pp. 553-581.
  • Han F. Vermeulen: Before Boas. The genesis of ethnography and ethnology in the German Enlightenment . University of Nebraska Press, Lincoln 2015, ISBN 978-0-8032-5542-5 ; therein Chapter 4: Ethnography and Empire: GF Müller and the Description of Siberian Peoples , pp. 131-218.

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Entry on Muller, Gerhard Friedrich (1705 - 1783) in the archive of the Royal Society , London
  2. ^ List of members since 1666: Letter M. Académie des sciences, accessed on January 26, 2020 (French).
personal data
SURNAME Müller, Gerhard Friedrich
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Müller, Fyodor Ivanovich; Miller, Fyodor Ivanovich
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German Siberian explorer
DATE OF BIRTH October 29, 1705
PLACE OF BIRTH Herford , Westphalia
DATE OF DEATH October 22, 1783
Place of death Moscow