Krasnoturyinsk

city Krasnoturyinsk Краснотурьинск flag coat of arms Federal district Ural Oblast Sverdlovsk Urban district Krasnoturyinsk mayor Sergei Verkhoturov Founded 1758 Earlier names Turjinskije Rudniki, Turjinski City since 1944 surface 73  km² population 59,633 inhabitants (as of Oct. 14, 2010) Population density 817 inhabitants / km² Height of the center 200  m Time zone UTC + 5 Telephone code (+7) 34384 Post Code 624440-624450 License Plate 66, 96, 196 OKATO 65 456 Website adm.krasnoturinsk.ru Geographical location Coordinates 59 ° 47 ′  N , 60 ° 11 ′  E Coordinates: 59 ° 46 ′ 30 ″  N , 60 ° 11 ′ 0 ″  E

Location in the western part of Russia

Location in Sverdlovsk Oblast

List of cities in Russia

Krasnoturjinsk ( Russian Краснотурьи́нск ; German also Krasnoturinsk ; Turjinski for short ) is a city in Sverdlovsk Oblast ( Russia ) with 59,633 inhabitants (as of October 14, 2010).

geography

The Turja near Krasnoturyinsk

The city is located on the eastern edge of the Northern Urals about 430 km northwest of the Oblast capital Yekaterinburg on the left bank of the Turja , a right tributary of the Soswa in the Ob river system .

The city of Krasnoturjinsk forms a district of the same name . Administratively, the city is subordinate to five rural settlements with a total of 6,057 inhabitants, so that the total population of the administrative unit "City of Krasnoturjinsk" is 67,403 with an area of ​​719 km² (2009). Two of the villages, Rudnichny and Vorontsovka to the south of the city , had the status of urban-type settlements until after 2002 .

Today around 10% of the population are Russian Germans , including the mayor.

history

Soviet city coat of arms (1967)

In 1758 the first copper mine began to be built on the Turja River by the merchant Maxim Pochodjashin from Verkhoturye. After this Vasilyevsky mine , others were soon built: the Nikolajewski , Perschinski , Suchodoiski and Frolowski mines . In summary, they were called Turjinskie Rudniki (Turja mines) with the associated miners' settlement.

Iron ore was mined in the area in 1800 and gold from 1823. In 1833 the first narrow-gauge horse-drawn railway was built , connecting the Turja mines with the Bogoslowsk plant (now Karpinsk ), a few kilometers upstream . From 1886 a steam-powered narrow-gauge railway was finally built, which connected the two places with the Nadeschdinski factory (today Serow ) and later with the Russian railway network near Kuschwa ( converted to broad gauge in the 1930s ).

During the Russian Civil War , the copper works in nearby Bogoslowsk and the Turja mines were destroyed. As a result, they were out of service for years, which was reflected in the sharply declining population. From the 1920s the place was also called Turjinski for short . Reconstruction of the works did not begin until 1930, and in 1934 the first mine resumed operations.

In 1931 the first bauxite deposit was discovered in the area. In 1940 it was decided to build an aluminum plant near Turjinsk, named after the then more important neighboring town of Karpinsk, at that time still Bogoslowsk, hence Bogoslowsk aluminum plant . During the Second World War , equipment from existing aluminum plants in Tikhvin , Volkhov and Dnipropetrovsk was evacuated to here. The new plant finally started production in 1945, symbolically on the day the war ended, May 9, 1945.

Before that, on November 27, 1944, the town charter was granted under its current name. The prefix Krasno- , Russian for red - has ideological significance. Initially, the city was to be named after its most important son, Popovsk , but this was discarded because of the ambiguity with Pope (Russian pop ), the name for a priest in the Russian Orthodox Church , in that period of atheic ideology.

The factory and town were built to a large extent by prisoners from the Bogoslowlag located here in the Gulag system, especially by Volga Germans who were deported here to the labor army after the start of the war . According to conservative estimates, 20% of the prisoners died during this time. A few years ago a memorial was erected on the banks of the Turja to commemorate them.

Population development

year	Residents
1897	10,000
1926	6,000
1939	9,582
1959	62,606
1970	58,596
1979	61.012
1989	67,324
2002	64,878
2010	59,633

Note: census data (rounded up to 1926)

Culture, sights and education

In Krasnoturjinsk is the largest and oldest church in the Northern Urals, the Maximus Confessor Church ( церковь Максима Исповедника / zerkow Maxima Ispovednika ) from 1851. In its place there was a wooden church built in 1782 in memory of the founder of Turja Maxim Pochodjashin, which burned down in 1829. The church was closed during the Soviet era in 1936 and served as a cinema from 1957 to 1995. From 2000 to 2006 it was restored to its original condition.

The Alexander Nevsky Chapel , built in 1870 to commemorate the abolition of serfdom in Russia in 1861, was also restored and has been open again since 2000. The orthodox Pantaleimon women's monastery has been in operation again since 1990.

The town's central square is called Little Leningrad by the townspeople because its development was designed by Leningrad architects during the war and, with its arched buildings of the city administration, today's industrial college and a communal dormitory, is reminiscent of the Petersburg Palace Square .

In the city is the Geological-Mineralogical Fyodorov Museum , which was one of the first of its kind in Russia to be founded in 1894 and today has a collection of over 140,000 mineral and ore levels. There has been a local museum since 1959. The Alexander Popov Memorial Museum, opened in 1956 for the co-inventor of radio , who spent his childhood in this building, is classified as a “monument of federal importance”. In the Vorontsovka district there is a memorial museum for the aviator Anatoly Serow, who was born there .

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  Maximus Confessor Church

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  Alexander Nevsky Chapel

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  Geological and mineralogical museum

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  City administration

Since 1955 there has been a branch of the State Technical University of the Urals in Krasnoturyinsk . There are also several larger vocational schools.

The bandy team Mayak Krasnoturjinsk plays in the highest Russian league.

Economy and Infrastructure

The Bogoslovsk aluminum plant

The largest company in the city is the Bogoslowsk aluminum plant ( Богословский алюминиевый завод / Bogoslowski aljuminijewy sawod ), which produces on the basis of the bauxite deposits near Severouralsk . The plant is one of the largest of the world's largest aluminum producer RUSAL (before their merger, SUAL ).

The mining holding UGMK ( Uralskaja Gorno-Metallurgitscheskaja Kompanija , also English Ural Mining and Metallurgical Company , UMMC ) has owned the Severopeschtschanskoje magnetite deposit near Krasnoturjinsk, from whose ores iron also sulfur , copper , cobalt , gold , silver and other elements are extracted become.

The joint stock company Soloto Severnowo Urala ( Gold of the Northern Urals ) extracts gold and silver from the Vorontsovskoye deposit south of the city. The " Artel " Yuzhno-Saosjorski Priisk extracts gold, silver and platinum from the rivers in the area and is also active in the timber industry.

The Bogoslowsk Thermal Power Plant ( Bogoslowskaja TEZ ) with an output of 141  megawatts , which today belongs to the regional energy supply company TGK-9 , has been in operation near Krasnoturjinsk since September 28, 1944 .

A natural gas pipeline from Tjumentransgas runs past the city . In Krasnoturjunsk there is a regional administration and a repair and maintenance base of the company ( Tyumentransgasremont ).

The city's "main train station", the Vorontsovka station , is located about two kilometers south of the city on the Serow – Karpinsk railway line, from which a line opened in 1935 via Volchansk to Severouralsk branches off. At the latter, the Krasnoturjinskaja stop is a little closer to the city center.

Since January 15, 1954, a single-track tram network has existed in Krasnoturjinsk with two lines, each five kilometers long. In 2004 there were five KTM-5 railcars and four 71-402 ( SPEKTR-1 ) railcars .

and display information about the image

Panorama of Krasnoturyinsk from the right bank of the Turja

Personalities

• Yevgraf Fjodorow (1853–1919), crystallographer, mineralogist and mathematician, worked as a mining engineer in Turjinsky Rudniki, founder of the museum that is named after him today
• Yevgeny Ivanushkin (* 1979), bandy player
• Alexander Karpinski (1847–1936), geologist, first elected President of the Russian Academy of Sciences (1917–1936, the presidents were previously appointed), born in Turjinsky Rudniki in the family of a mining engineer
• Eduard Lewandowski (* 1980), German ice hockey player, born in Krasnoturjinsk
• Alexander Popow (1859–1906), physicist and co-inventor of the radio , born in Turjinskije Rudniki
• Ernst Schacht (1953–2008), Evangelical Lutheran bishop
• Anatoly Serow (1910–1939), aviator and hero of the Soviet Union , born in Vorontsovka; had an accident with Polina Ossipenko
• Vitali Stähle (* 1982), German ice hockey player, born in Krasnoturjinsk
• Andrei Sychov (* 1986), Russian soldier and victim of the Dedovshchina

Individual evidence

1. ↑ ^{a b} Itogi Vserossijskoj perepisi naselenija 2010 goda. Tom 1. Čislennostʹ i razmeščenie naselenija (Results of the All-Russian Census 2010. Volume 1. Number and distribution of the population). Tables 5 , pp. 12-209; 11 , pp. 312–979 (download from the website of the Federal Service for State Statistics of the Russian Federation)

Web links

Commons : Krasnoturyinsk  - collection of pictures, videos and audio files

• City administration website (Russian)
• Information page about Krasnoturyinsk