Alexander Petrovich Karpinsky

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Alexander Petrovich Karpinsky ( Russian Алекса́ндр Петро́вич Карпи́нский , English transcription Alexander Petrovich Karpinsky; born January 7, 1847 in Turjinskije Rudniki ; † July 15, 1936 in Udelnaja near Moscow ) was a Russian geologist and petrologist, mineralologist. He is considered the "creator" of Russian geology.

life and work

Karpinski came from a family of mining engineers, was born in the Urals and studied mining and mineralogy in Saint Petersburg from 1857, graduating in 1866. After completing his dissertation in 1869, he was adjunct professor and from 1877 to 1885 full professor at the local mining institute. From 1885 to 1916 he was the imperial director of mining research in Russia. From 1886 he was a corresponding and from 1896 actual member of the Russian Academy of Sciences , of which he was president from 1917 until his death. As president of the Academy of Sciences in the revolutionary transition period, he was able to receive much of its influence and to receive valuable archival holdings and scientific instruments.

Karpinski published over 200 scientific papers and mastered the full range of geosciences (paleontology, stratigraphy, tectonics, petrography, mineralogy, deposit research). In particular, he provided the basic knowledge about the tectonic structure of the European part of Russia. He did not leave behind any larger works in book form, but published mostly in shorter essays and communications in meeting reports; some treatises, such as one of over 200 pages on the Eastern Urals, are more extensive.

He dealt mainly with regional geology of the Urals, stratigraphy of Devonian, Carboniferous, Permian, with Mesozoic and Tertiary from the eastern slope of the Urals and western Siberia and the Cambrian and Silurian of the Baltic States. In 1874 he introduced the Artinskian of the Permian and in 1891 he treated the ammonites of the Artinsk stage. Further work as a paleontologist is on the genus Helicoprion (1899) and on trochilisks (1906) and Palaeodictyon (1932). As early as 1874 he discovered a general overturning of the folds to the west in the West Urals and investigated the tectonic connections between the Urals and the Central Asian mountain ranges. In 1883 he demonstrated tectonic faults in southern Russia and in 1894 examined general tectonic movements in Russia (whereby he distinguished an older phase parallel to the Urals and a younger phase parallel to the Caucasus). In 1884 he published a geological map of the Eastern Urals. In 1887 he published the first study of paleogeography in European Russia from the Cambrian to the Quaternary. He dealt both in general (nomenclature, classification of rocks) with petrography and with regional petrography, especially of the Urals. In 1881 he described the usable minerals of the Urals and he dealt with deposits of gold, coal and nickel, with platinum deposits in the Urals and iron ore deposits.

Karpinsky worked mainly in the Urals and completed the first geological map of European Russia (published in Basics of the Geological History of the European Part of Russia 1883-1894). It was created by the Geological Committee founded in 1882, of which Karpinski was director from 1885 until his voluntary resignation in 1903. It included well-known geologists such as Feodossi Nikolajewitsch Tschernyschow , Sergei Nikolajewitsch Nikitin (1851-1909), Ivan Vasilyevich Muschketow (1850-1902), Alexei Petrovich Pavlov (1854–1929), A. Krasnopolski and N. Sokolow. The main objective was a geological map of Russia in 142 sheets at a scale of 1: 420,000. They were each provided with explanations and the paleontological finds were processed in parallel in monographs. The first 11 sheets were published by 1892. In 1893 a geological overview map of the European part of Russia appeared in 6 sheets 1: 252,000 (edited by Karpinski, Nikitin, Tschernyschow), which replaced the outdated maps by Gregor von Helmersen and Roderick Murchison .

He was the main organizer of the 7th International Geological Congress in Saint Petersburg in 1897.

He is buried on the Kremlin wall .

Memberships

Honors

According to Alexander Karpinski, the mineral Karpinskit (whose status is questionable), a mountain in the Urals and one on the October Revolution Island , a volcanic group on the Kuril Islands , the city of Karpinsk in Sverdlovsk Oblast , a lunar crater, a Soviet freighter ( Akademik Karpinski , Built in 1936 as Thalia in Emden ) and the All-Russian Geological Research Institute (WSEGEI) in Saint Petersburg. Mount Karpinskiy in Antarctica also bears his name.

In 1916 he received the Wollaston Medal and the Cuvier Prize. From 1925 he was a member of the Leopoldina .

literature

Web links

Commons : Alexander Petrovich Karpinsky  - collection of pictures, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Polutoff reports to Bogoslowski Sawod, Ural
  2. ↑ Polutoff: Pioneers of geological research in Russia. In: Geologische Rundschau. Volume 31, number 7/8, 1940, pp. 457-487, here p. 458.
  3. ↑ Geological Review. Volume 2, Number 1, 1911, p. 55 .
  4. ↑ Paleontological Journal . Volume 1, Number 1, March 1914.
  5. ↑ Mindat - Karpinskite
  6. ↑ Handbook of Mineralogy - Karpinskite (PDF 67.6 kB)
  7. ^ IMA / CNMNC List of Minerals; January 2014 ; PDF 1.5 MB
personal data
SURNAME Karpinsky, Alexander Petrovich
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Карпинский, Александр Петрович (Russian spelling)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Russian geologist
DATE OF BIRTH January 7, 1847
PLACE OF BIRTH Turjinsky Rudniki
DATE OF DEATH July 15, 1936
Place of death Udelnaya