Verkhnyaya Sinyachikha
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Verkhnyaya
Sinjachikha Верхняя Синячиха
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Verkhnyaya Sinjatschicha ( Russian Верхняя Синячиха ) is an urban-type settlement in Sverdlovsk Oblast ( Russia ) with 9,999 inhabitants (as of October 14, 2010).
geography
The settlement is located in the western part of the West Siberian lowlands , about 140 km as the crow flies northeast of the oblast capital Yekaterinburg on the Sinyachicha, a left tributary of the Neiwa , into which it flows a few kilometers to the east.
Verkhnyaya Sinjatschicha belongs to the Alapayevsk district , which was created in 2005 as part of the administrative reform in Russia by converting the raion of the same name , and is 13 km north of its administrative center.
history
The place arose in an area previously inhabited by Mansen after iron ore was found near the Sinyachika River in 1769. In the following years a mining and ironworks as well as an associated settlement were built and the river was dammed by a 300 m long dam. The place name after the river means Upper Sinyachicha ; while the village of Nizhnyaya Sinjatschicha , i.e. Unter-Sinjatschicha, about 7 km downstream near the confluence with the Neiwa, was built in 1680 (an ironworks was also built there later).
During the civil war , on the night of July 18, 1918, one day after the murder of part of the Russian tsar's family with Tsar Nicholas II in Yekaterinburg, in a forest southeast of Verkhnyaya Sinyachicha, further members of the Bolshevik family were murdered. These included Grand Duchess Jelisaweta Fjodorovna (Princess Elisabeth of Hesse-Darmstadt, older sister of the Tsarina), Grand Duke Sergei Michailowitsch , Princes Ivan , Konstantin and Igor Konstantinowitsch, and Prince Vladimir Paley . Together with some servants and attendants, some of them were thrown alive into a mine shaft.
In 1928 Verkhnyaya Sinyachikha received urban-type settlement status. From November 25, 1944 to March 1959, the settlement was the administrative center of an independent Sinyachikha district before it was placed under the administration of the city of Alapayevsk. Since 1963 the place belonged to the Alapayevsk Rajon.
Population development
| year | Residents |
|---|---|
| 1939 | 3,310 |
| 1959 | 8,740 |
| 1970 | 7,761 |
| 1979 | 10,033 |
| 1989 | 11,957 |
| 2002 | 11,147 |
| 2010 | 9,999 |
Note: census data
Culture and sights
A number of historical buildings have been preserved in Verkhnyaya Sinyachikha as well as in the nearby village of Nizhnyaya Sinyachikha.
In Verkhnyaya Sinjatschikha there are the ruins of the Church of the Dormition of the Virgin Mary ( Успенская церковь / Uspenskaja zerkow ), which was donated by the ironworks owners Yakovlev and consecrated in 1796 and whose restoration is planned, as well as the water tower of the ironworks as "Architectural monument of federal importance" is classified. A museum for the history and development of industry has existed since 1978
On the southeast edge of the settlement, near the site of the murder of members of the imperial family in 1918 was between 1996 and 2001 in honor of the now canonized the Alapajewsker Convent of the Russian New Martyrs and Confessors ( Алапаевский монастырь Новомучеников и Исповедников Российских / Alapajewski monastyr Nowomutschenikow i Ispowednikow Rossijskich ), the has developed into an important place of pilgrimage.
In Nizhnyaya Sinjatschicha there is the late baroque - classicist Church of the Transfiguration of Christ ( Преображенская церковь / Preobrazhenskaya zerkow ), which was also built from 1794 with funds from the Yakovlev family, consecrated in 1810 and completed in 1845. The open-air museum for wood construction and folk art , the only one of its kind in the oblast, which was built near the church and occupies part of the village , shows, among other things, five wooden chapels from surrounding villages, several farms from different periods, a mill, a forge, a banya and a well . The museum also includes the dam of the pond of the former Nizhnesyachichinsk ironworks, the old village cemetery and a pine grove that was laid out in the middle of the 19th century . Like the church, the ensemble of the museum is “a historical and architectural monument of federal importance”.
Economy and Infrastructure
In addition to the products resulting from such iron from 1769 Werchnesinjatschinsker Metallurgical plant , there is a resulting 1943 Forest chemical plant and as the most important companies today a 1972 commissioned in plywood factory, next to a brick factory and a dairy giant.
The station Sinjatschicha of the railway line Serov - Alapayevsk - Bogdanowitsch opened on this section in 1947 (route km 231) is located five kilometers southeast of the town center .
Since the end of the 19th century, the main line of the Alapayevsk narrow-gauge railway ( gauge 750 mm) also ran directly through the settlement. With a length of more than 700 km at its heyday in the 1970s to 1980s, it was the longest 750 mm narrow-gauge network in the Soviet Union and today with the remaining routes it is still the longest in Russia. Today (2009) the 148 km Alapayevsk - Kalatsch route leads through Verkhnyaya Sinyachikha ; west of the village branched off to Senkovka at the Sovetskaya station until 2007 .
The regional road that connects Alapayevsk in a northerly direction with Machnjowo on Tagil runs through the settlement .
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b Itogi Vserossijskoj perepisi naselenija 2010 goda. Tom 1. Čislennostʹ i razmeščenie naselenija (Results of the All-Russian Census 2010. Volume 1. Number and distribution of the population). Tables 5 , pp. 12-209; 11 , pp. 312–979 (download from the website of the Federal Service for State Statistics of the Russian Federation)
- ↑ a b c Northeastern part of the oblast on the official tourism server of the oblast (Russian)
- ↑ a b Alapayevsk Raion on the official website of the Oblast Administration (Russian)
- ^ Church of the Dormition of the Virgin Mary at sobory.ru (Russian, photos)
- ↑ a b Information on the museum at museum.ru (Russian)
- ↑ Alapayevsk New Martyrs Monastery at sobory.ru (Russian, photos)
- ↑ Savior's Transfiguration Church in sobory.ru (Russian, photos)
- ↑ Elias Church and others at sobory.ru (Russian, photos)
- ↑ Alapayevsk Narrow Gauge Railway on the website parovoz.com (Russian, photos)
- ↑ Alapayevsk Narrow Gauge Railway on the website of Sergei Bolashenko (Russian, photos)
