Sakmara
|
Sakmara Сакмара |
||
 Course of the Sakmara (Сакмара) in the catchment area of the Urals |
||
| Data | ||
| Water code | RU : 12010000512112200004778 | |
| location | Bashkortostan , Orenburg Oblast ( Russia ) | |
| River system | Ural | |
| Drain over | Urals → Caspian Sea | |
| source | in the southern Urals 53 ° 17 ′ 58 ″ N , 58 ° 7 ′ 35 ″ E |
|
| Source height | approx. 800 m | |
| muzzle | in the Urals near Orenburg Coordinates: 51 ° 46 ′ 20 ″ N , 55 ° 1 ′ 36 ″ E 51 ° 46 ′ 20 ″ N , 55 ° 1 ′ 36 ″ E |
|
| Mouth height | 83 m | |
| Height difference | approx. 717 m | |
| Bottom slope | approx. 0.9 ‰ | |
| length | 798 km | |
| Catchment area | 30,200 km² | |
| Outflow location: 55 km above the mouth |
MQ |
144 m³ / s |
| Right tributaries | Silair , Bolshoi Ik , Salmysh | |
| Big cities | Orenburg | |
| Medium-sized cities | Kuwandyk | |
| Communities | Saraktash | |
| Navigable | Underflow (conditional) | |
 The Sakmara at the Saraktasch settlement , a little below the confluence of the Bolshoi Ik ( location ) |
||
 |
||
The Sakmara ( Russian Сакмара , Bashkir Һаҡмар / Haqmar ) is a 798 kilometer long right tributary of the Urals in the south of the Ural Mountains in the European part of Russia .
course
The Sakmara rises about 800 m above sea level on the Uraltau ridge of the southern Urals in the southwest of the Republic of Bashkortostan , a good 60 kilometers west-southwest of the city of Magnitogorsk ( Chelyabinsk Oblast ). It initially flows in a southerly direction in a wide valley between Uraltau and the parallel Irendyk ridge , then reaches the southeastern edge of the Silair plateau , into which it has cut a deep, ravine-like valley. Near the city of Kuwandyk , already on the territory of Orenburg Oblast , the river turns in a westerly to northwestern direction, cuts through the southern foothills of the Silair and reaches the flatter steppe landscape southwest of the mountains.
The Sakmara flows from Kuwandyk for over 150 kilometers (as the crow flies) at a distance of 15 to 35 kilometers, roughly parallel to the Ural River, which is considered the border between Europe and Asia. In the lower reaches, the river turns to the southwest and finally flows into the Urals on the western edge of the city of Orenburg as its most important tributary. The main tributaries of the Sakmara are the Silair , Bolshoi Ik (Great Ik), and Salmysh , all from the right.
The Sakmarium is named after the Sakmara , a chronostratigraphic level of the Permian . The 290 million year old layers of limestone may appear. a. on the Kurmain mountain in the Karamuruntau ridge, at the foot of which the Sakmara enters the plain ( Lage ).
Hydrography
The catchment area of the Sakmara covers 30,200 km². Near the mouth, the river is 100 meters wide and over 2 meters deep; the flow velocity is 0.5 m / s.
The Sakmara freezes between November and April. The average water flow 55 kilometers above the estuary is an annual average of 144 m³ / s (below the confluence of the Salmysch).
Economy and Infrastructure
The lower reaches of the Sakmara are navigable for smaller vessels, but not designated as an inland waterway.
The area through which it flows is relatively densely populated, especially in the Orenburg Oblast, and is largely used for agriculture.
Between Orenburg and Kuvandyk passing railway Orenburg- Orsk through the valley of Sakmara on the left (south) side. In Orenburg the railway line crosses from Samara toward Kazakhstan the river near its mouth, as well as the branch line Samara- Busuluk -Orenburg the highway M5 . The regional road R314 and the railway line (branches off the Orsk route at the Sakmarskaya station ), which connect Orenburg with the Bashkir capital Ufa , cross the river further above, northeast of Orenburg. The R361 from Magnitogorsk via the mining towns of Sibai and Baimak to Silair crosses the middle reaches of the Sakmara.
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c Article Sakmara in the Great Soviet Encyclopedia (BSE) , 3rd edition 1969–1978 (Russian)
- ↑ a b Sakmara in the State Water Directory of the Russian Federation (Russian)
- ↑ List of Inland Waterways of the Russian Federation (confirmed by Order No. 1800 of the Government of the Russian Federation of December 19, 2002)