Nenets language

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The Nenet language (hist .: Jurak language ) is one of the Samoyed languages . Together with the Finno-Ugric languages, these form the Uralic language family .

Nenzisch

Spoken in

RussiaRussia Russia
speaker approx. 24,000
Linguistic
classification
Official status
Official language in Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous OkrugYamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug , Nenets Autonomous Okrug , Krasnoyarsk Territory (only in the area of ​​the former Taimyr Autonomous Okrug )
Nenets Autonomous OkrugAutonomous Okrug of the Nenets
Krasnoyarsk RegionKrasnoyarsk Territory
Language codes
ISO 639 -1

-

ISO 639 -2

mis

ISO 639-3

yrk

Nenets are spoken in northern Eastern Europe and northern Asia by the Nenets , a partially nomadic and reindeer-keeping population of the tundra and northern taiga . The written language of the Wald-Nenets and the written language of the Tundra-Nenets are mutually understandable.

Status, distribution, number of speakers

It is next to the Russian an official language in the Russian Federation belonging to Autonomous District of the Nenets in the autonomous district of Yamal-Nenets and Taymyr Autonomous Okrug (Dolgano-Nenets Autonomous District). It could also be in use on the Kola Peninsula, part of Murmansk Oblast, and in the north of the Khanty and Mansi Autonomous Okrug . According to information from 2003 (Finno-ugorski westnik No. 29) it is spoken by 24,000 people. For 1990 it was stated that 77.1% of the 34,665 Nenets speak Nenets as their first language (official Russian statistics).

Nench is a special case among the indigenous languages ​​of Russia insofar as it is not yet acutely threatened with extinction. This is primarily due to the fully nomadic reindeer herding, in which around 5,000 people work all year round on the Yamal peninsula alone . Within the nomadic communities, Neniche is the dominant lingua franca. The disappearance of nomadism, for example as a result of oil and gas extraction, would drastically reduce the language's chances of survival.

Written language

Nench is the only written Samoyed language . Around 1895, Russian Orthodox missionaries created the first script and published a grammar and a primer . But it was only the written language created in 1932 that began to establish itself. Initially, Latin letters were used and , since 1937, Cyrillic script was used . Since then, in addition to the oral tradition, a little literature in this language has developed.

Modern Nenets Alphabet:

А а Б б В в Г г Д д Е е Ё ё Ж ж
З з И и Й й К к Л л М м Н н Ӈ ӈ
О о П п Р р С с Т т У у Ф ф Х х
Ц ц Ч ч Ш ш Щ щ Ъ ъ Ы ы Ь ь Э э
Ю ю Я я ʼ ʼʼ

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