Khmelnytskyi
Khmelnytskyi | ||
Хмельницький | ||
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Basic data | ||
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Oblast : | Khmelnytskyi Oblast | |
Rajon : | District-free city | |
Height : | 275 m | |
Area : | 90.0 km² | |
Residents : | 267.901 (August 1, 2017) | |
Population density : | 2,977 inhabitants per km² | |
Postcodes : | 29000- | |
Area code : | +380 382 | |
Geographic location : | 49 ° 25 ' N , 27 ° 0' E | |
KOATUU : | 6810100000 | |
Administrative structure : | 1 city | |
Mayor : | Oleksandr Symchyshyn | |
Address: | вул. Гагаріна 3 29000 м. Хмельницький |
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Website : | www.khmelnytsky.com | |
Statistical information | ||
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Khmelnytsky ( Ukrainian Хмельницький ; Russian Хмельницкий Khmelnitsky , originally gemeinostslawisch Плоскиривцы / Ploskirivcy ; Ukrainian from the 18th century to 1954 Проскурів / Proskuriw , Russian Proskurov , Polish Płoskirów ) is the capital of the Oblast same in the Ukraine with about 267,000 inhabitants, industrial city, cultural center the oblast with theater, philharmonic orchestra , university and technical schools.
geography
The city is traversed by the upper reaches of the southern bow and is located on the main railway line Lviv – Odessa or - Kiev . The major roads M 12 and N 03 cross in the city . It is 278 kilometers (as the crow flies) to the northeast of Kiev and 217 kilometers to Lviv in the west.
history
The city was first mentioned in 1431 when it was called Ploskyriw in Ukrainian and Ploskurow in Russian . At that time it was a small village, but already a respected fortified place in the 16th century, which played an important role in the Khmelnytskyi Uprising .
It belonged to the partition of Poland in 1793 within the nobility Republic of Poland to the province Podolia . Then she came to the Russian Empire and was incorporated into the Podolia Governorate . In 1921 it became part of the Soviet Union and the Ukrainian SSR . During the Second World War , the city was captured by German troops in the summer of 1941 and almost completely destroyed. It was liberated by the Red Army on March 29, 1944 during the Proskurow-Czernowitz operation and rebuilt after the war.
From 1780 to 1954 the city was called Proskuriv in Ukrainian and Proskurov in Russian . On January 16, 1954, the 300th anniversary of Moscow's so-called reunification of Ukraine with Russia , Proskuriw was renamed Khmelnyzkyj in honor of Bohdan Khmelnyzkyj (1595–1657), an ataman of Ukraine, statesman, troop leader and diplomat .
The city developed into a major Jewish center from the 17th century until the Holocaust. Around 1900 the Jewish population was around 49%.
Until the beginning of the 20th century, the city was a typical province without water pipes and sewers . During the Russian Civil War , at the beginning of 1919, the Ukrainian army, led by Symon Petlyura , massacred around 1,700 Jews in Proskurov within a few hours while retreating from the Red Army .
At the end of the 19th century, the well-known Russian writer Alexander Ivanovich Kuprin (1870–1938) served there as a non-commissioned officer in the 46th Dnepr Infantry Regiment. The impressions and observations collected at that time provided him with the material for his story "The Duel". Khmelnytsky than Proskurov one of the two theaters of the war story Restless Night of Albrecht Goes dating back to the 1950s.
Industry began to develop in the city in the 20th century. Especially after the end of the Second World War, industrial companies and residential buildings, educational establishments and cultural institutions emerged on a large scale . Khmelnytskyi is home to one of the largest markets in Ukraine, where almost everything from clothing to electronics is available. Many residents earn their living there. The most widely spoken language in the city is Ukrainian , with the influence of the Russian language on the vocabulary clearly evident.
A monument to Bohdan Khmelnytskyi was erected on the station square.
Twin cities
Partnership or friendship exists between Khmelnitsky and the following cities:
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sons and daughters of the town
- Wassyl Senkiwskyj (1881–1962), Ukrainian historian of philosophy, psychologist, writer, educator, Orthodox theologian and politician
- Alberto Gerchunoff (1883–1950), Argentine writer
- Mischa Mischakoff (1895–1981), American violinist and music teacher
- Ariel Durant (1898–1981), American writer
- Georg Goldstein (1898–1980), German-Jewish doctor and press photographer
- Miron Sima (1902–1999), Israeli painter and printmaker
- Jack Reimer (1918–2005), concentration camp guard in the Trawniki forced labor camp
- Svyatoslaw Fjodorow (1927-2000), Russian eye surgeon
- Roman Juswa (1934–2003), poet and journalist
- Anatoli Kaschpirowski (* 1939), Russian psychotherapist and hypnotist
- Boris Samoilowitsch Zukerblat (* 1939), Soviet-Moldovan scientist and university professor
- Ted Belytschko (1943–2014), American engineering scientist
- Alexander Ruzkoi (* 1947), Russian politician
- Sergei Petrenko (* 1956), Soviet canoeist
- Oleksandr Ponomarev (* 1973), singer
- Hanna Huzol (* 1984), founder and leader of the Ukrainian feminist group FEMEN
- Lesja Nikitjuk (* 1987), Ukrainian TV presenter and journalist
- Oksana Schatschko (1987–2018), Ukrainian artist and activist
- Oksana Masters (* 1989), American athlete and Paralympics winner
- Pavlo Olijnyk (* 1989), Ukrainian wrestler
literature
- Proskurov , in: Guy Miron (Ed.): The Yad Vashem encyclopedia of the ghettos during the Holocaust . Jerusalem: Yad Vashem, 2009 ISBN 978-965-308-345-5 , pp. 613f.
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ Rizzi Zannoni, Karta Podola, znaczney części Wołynia, płynienie Dniestru od Uścia, aż do Chocima y Ładowa, Bogu od swego zrzodła, aż do Ładyczyna, pogranicze Mołdawy, Bracuskiekiego Kziegoows Bełows .; 1772
- ^ Magocsi, PR (2002): Historical Atlas of Central Europe. Seattle: University of Washington Press. P. 109
- ^ Website of the city - Cooperation programs ( English ), accessed on October 11, 2018