Medjybish

Medjybish
Меджибіж
	Medjybish
Basic data
Oblast :	Khmelnytskyi Oblast
Rajon :	Letychiv Raion
Height :	no information
Area :	2.38 km²
Residents :	1,768 (2004)
Population density :	743 inhabitants per km²
Postcodes :	31530
Area code :	+380 3857
Geographic location :	49 ° 26 '  N , 27 ° 24'  E Coordinates: 49 ° 26 '14 "  N , 27 ° 24' 19"  E
KOATUU :	6823055400
Administrative structure :	1 urban-type settlement , 1 village
Address:	вул. Пушкіна 5 31530 смт. Меджибіж
Statistical information
Medjybish

Medzhybizh ( Ukrainian Меджибіж ; Russian Меджибож Medschibosch , polish Międzybóż , yiddish מעזביזש Mezbizh ) is an on Southern Bug preferred urban-type in Rayon Letychiv the Ukrainian oblast Chmelnyzkyj with nearly 2,000 inhabitants. It is divided into the settlement and the village of Stawnyzja ( Ставниця ).

For centuries, Medschybisch was a cultural and economic center because of its location between Eastern and Central Europe.

history

In the 14th century the place belonged to the Grand Duchy of Lithuania , after 1596 to the aristocratic republic of Poland-Lithuania .

Medschybisch Fortress

The famous Medschybisch fortress, which was built by Captain Nikolai Siniawski in 1540 , is still preserved despite the unrest in the history of the city. In 1593 the city received Magdeburg law , which increased its importance and strengthened trade. In the 17th century Medschybisch had about 12,000 inhabitants (only 3000 less than Kiev at that time ). The city population consisted of Poles , Jews , Ukrainians , Armenians , Greeks , Germans , Tatars and others. The trade fairs in Medschybisch were attended by merchants from Poland, Germany and Italy.

Between 1672 and 1699, Medschybisch was occupied by the Ottomans and the church was converted into a mosque .

In the 18th century the city became a center of Hasidism , the founder of the movement, Rabbi Israel ben Eliezer , better known as Baal Shem Tov , lived and died in Mejybish. After his death in 1760, his grave became a place of pilgrimage .

19th and 20th centuries

After the German attack on the Soviet Union , the place belonged to the Reichskommissariat Ukraine . During this time, the Jewish population was murdered and the synagogues, including the BaH synagogue from the early 17th century , destroyed.

After the war, Medschybisch belonged to the Soviet Union again . During this time the city became a provincial village.

Since the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991, activists from all over the world have been working with the Ukrainian authorities to make the city an international place of pilgrimage and a tourist center.

Personalities

• Israel ben Eliezer (1700–1760), rabbi, worked and died in Medschybisch
• Rebbe Nachman (1772-1810), Hasidic scholar
• Micha Josef Berdyczewski ( Micha Bin Gorion , 1865–1921), Hebrew writer

Web links

Commons : Medschybisch  - collection of images, videos and audio files