Transport in Poland

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Speed ​​limits on Poland's roads

This article covers the different modes of transport in Poland .

Road traffic

The road network has a total length of around 382,000 km, including around 1,656 km of motorways and a further 1604.6 km of expressways . The Polish government agency GDDKiA is responsible for the administration and financing of motorways, expressways and national roads. The voivodship roads, on the other hand, are administered by the individual voivodships . For motorways, expressways and state roads, a route-dependent toll for motor vehicles must be paid on selected road sections .

In an analysis by the Polish Ministry of Infrastructure, 23.4 percent of the road network in 2005 was rated as poor, 23.4 as satisfactory and 53.2 as good. In 2004, 5,700 people died in road accidents in Poland , a rate four times higher than the EU average . But this was already a reduction in the number; in 1999 there were still 6,730 deaths and in 1998 7,080. A total of 383 cars per 1,000 inhabitants were registered at the end of 2007; the EU average is 486.

In 2009, GDDKiA spent 18 billion zlotys (4.5 billion euros ) on the expansion and modernization of the road network. In addition, new investments with a total amount of 21 billion zlotys (5.25 billion euros) were made. In 2010, the GDDKiA invested the record sum of 20 billion zlotys (5 billion euros) in work on expanding the road network. New investments totaling 22 billion zlotys (5.5 billion euros) were started. In 2011, according to the GDDKiA, the record of total investments from the previous year was exceeded by 6 billion to 26.4 billion zloty (6.6 billion euros). Tenders for new investments with a total value of 8 billion zloty (2 billion euros) were concluded. In 2012, the total investment in the road network was 22.6 billion złoty (5.65 billion euros). Half a billion zlotys were spent on repair and modernization work.

Bus traffic is of great importance .

Motorways and expressways

The current motorway and expressway network in Poland
  • in operation
  • under construction
  • in planning
    • Development of the motorway and expressway network in Poland

    The Polish motorway and expressway network is one of the fastest expanding in Europe . In the 1970s, serious planning began and the first construction of a comprehensive motorway network. In 1976, construction of the first motorway sections began. Around 160 kilometers of motorway had been completed and released by 1999.

    In 1985, plans for an expressway network began. By 1999 about 12 km of two-lane expressways had been opened.

    From 1999 to 2004, another 255 km of motorway and 28 km of expressways were completed. Thus, in 2004 the total length of the Polish motorways was almost 600 kilometers.

    Between 2005 and 2007 the motorway network was expanded by a further 235 km and the expressway network by 145 km.

    After the European Football Championship 2012 was awarded to Poland and the Ukraine in 2007, it was planned to complete all Polish motorways by the end of 2012 and to expand the expressway network to 2418 km.

    After some time it became known that many of these large construction projects could not be realized. First of all, the realization of the 140 km long Tuszyn - Pyrzowice motorway section was abandoned due to financial difficulties and postponed to 2015. In addition, the expansion of the expressway network by almost 2,000 km was discarded due to financial difficulties and the plan to invest the work in the completion of the highways.

    In 2010 it was questionable whether the most important projects, the sections A1 Toruń - Łódź , A2 Łódź-Warsaw and A4 Krakow - Ukraine , could be realized for the European Football Championship. At the beginning of 2011 it was admitted that the A1 from Toruń to Łódź could not be completed, as the Toruń – Kowal section was not due to be released until September 2012. In February 2011, the construction work on an approx. 21 km long section of the A4 from Krakow to the Ukrainian border was interrupted, so that the entire A4 was not completed by the EM 2012. In May 2011 there were also considerable problems with the construction of the A2 from Łódź to Warsaw . The construction company was dismissed on two of the five sections into which the route was divided and a new tender was launched. After two months, construction work was resumed by two other construction companies. Completion took place in October 2012. During the European Championships, however, both unfinished sections were temporarily passable in order to allow drivers to have a pleasant journey to Warsaw.

    Due to the large number of construction projects started in the 2000s to expand and modernize the trunk road network, the number of completed and approved kilometers of freeway and expressway increased continuously. In 2008 and 2009, 150 km of motorways and 230 km of expressways were opened. After the opening of a further 10 kilometers of autobahns and 125 kilometers of expressways in 2010, the total length of the trunk road network had grown to around 850 km of motorways and 640 km of expressways.

    In 2011 a total of 214 km of motorway sections and 96 km of expressway sections were opened. The 1000 km mark was exceeded with the opening of the 106 km long section of the A2 motorway from Słubice on the German border to Nowy Tomyśl on December 1st. At the end of 2011, the total length of the motorway network was 1060 km, that of the expressway network 750 km. About 570 km of motorways and about 700 km of expressways were under construction.

    In 2012, due to financial difficulties and the resulting insolvency of Polish construction companies, there were considerable construction delays of up to two years on many road projects. Most projects, u. a. the A1 (section Kowal - Łódź ) and the A4 (section Krakow - Ukraine ) could not be realized for the 2012 European Football Championship . It became a necessity to settle the debts of the insolvent large corporations with subcontractors, utilities and suppliers. Hundreds of companies that were not paid for their work by 27 large companies were compensated by the GDDKiA up to December 10, 2012 with up to 485 million zloty . In contrast to this, 2012 also represents the record year of completed and opened kilometers of freeways and expressways. The trunk road network increased by 638.8 kilometers, of which 299.3 km were expressways and 339.5 km were expressways. At the end of 2012, the total length of the motorway network was around 1370 km, that of the expressway network was 1090 km. About 270 km of motorways and about 600 km of expressways were under construction.

    Former highways

    The planned Reichsautobahn Berlin – Königsberg was only partially completed on the territory of today's Poland before the Second World War. Until after the turn of the millennium, the section east of Elbing was used as state road 22 and could also be used by cyclists, pedestrians and agricultural traffic. In the years 2006 to 2008 the route was expanded to the expressway S22 .

    State roads

    National road network in Poland
  • State road
  • Expressway
  • Highway
  • Toll highway

    • The Polish state roads (also: national roads) form the main trunk road network. They serve national and international traffic. They are developed partly like federal highways , partly multi-lane like autobahn-like roads with separate lanes.

    There are a total of 97 streets of this type, numbered 1-68 and 70-98 (the number 69 is missing). They are with the letters DK (for D roga k rajowa abbreviated). The longest state road is State Road 8 (approx. 720 km), the shortest is State Road 96 (approx. 1.5 km). The total length of all state roads is 18,368 km. Due to the new construction of expressways parallel to the course of the state roads, the state roads are graded into voivodship or municipal roads.

    There has been a high accident rate on state roads for years. In 2004, 11,000 traffic accidents occurred on the state roads with over 2,000 deaths and 15,000 injuries. Compared to the previous year, this meant an increase in the accident rate of 4.3%. The number of deaths also increased by 7.2%. About 30% of all deaths on the country roads were pedestrians. In order to reduce the accident rate again, road areas with a high accident rate were often marked with a so-called black point ( czarny point ). In 2005 the number of accidents fell again by 7.3% and the number of fatalities by 7.1%. In 2007, the number of fatal accidents continued to decrease, with a total of 947 people dead. In 2009 the number of deaths fell by 30% to 674 compared to 2007. This was mainly achieved through the modernization of many lines. The technical condition of 60% of the state road network was classified as good or very good.

    Voivodeship roads

    The voivodship roads ( Polish : drogi wojewódzkie ) complete the network of motorways and expressways as well as national roads. They are administered by the individual voivodeships and not directly by the state, as is the case with motorways, expressways and national roads.

    These streets are marked with a three-digit number on a yellow background. The signs on Voivodeship Road have a green background.

    The longest provincial road is Droga wojewódzka 835 with about 220 kilometers, the shortest the Droga wojewódzka 219 with about 55 meters.

    The total length of all voivodship roads is 28,536 km. This is 8% of all roads in Poland.

    Bus transport

    The intercity bus service , which also includes the smallest towns, is of great importance in Poland . There are numerous bus connections both within the country and across borders. The operators are several private and regional companies, the most important of which is Państwowa Komunikacja Samochodowa (PKS) , which also operates internationally .

    Transport museums

    Polish Aviation Museum in Krakow


    Bicycle traffic

    Rail transport

    The rail network in Poland

    → See also: History of Railways in Poland and List of Railways in Poland and Polskie Koleje Państwowe

    Domestic transport

    Rail transport in Poland still plays an important role in the Polish transport system, even after the strong growth in private transport over the past two decades.

    The rail network has a length of 23,420 km. Direct current with 3 kV is used as the power system for rail operations ; slightly more than half of the routes are electrified. It is largely operated by the state railway PKP ( Polskie Koleje Państwowe ). It is arranged in a star shape with Warsaw as the center. Other important transport hubs are Poznan, Gdansk, Szczecin, Wroclaw, Katowice and Krakow. There is a new line ( Centralna Magistrala Kolejowa ) from Warsaw to Katowice / Cracow . The most important cities are connected with each other by InterCity trains, in the above-mentioned metropolitan agglomerations there are S-Bahn- like suburban train systems.

    Local transport is mainly handled by the Przewozy Regionalne railway company, which was spun off from the PKP Group in 2008 , as well as other regional railway companies.

    Railway companies in passenger transport (2015)

    Foreign trains are usually treated within Poland as trains of the railway companies listed above, so the trains of the DB Regio Nordost Lübeck – Stettin and (Berlin–) Angermünde – Stettin in Poland are formally operated by Przewozy Regionalne.

    International transport

    Freight transport

    A train of the Berlin-Warszawa-Express

    The most important transit axis for rail traffic in Poland comprises the Frankfurt (Oder) - Warsaw routes and further via the Brest border station to other Eastern European countries. Until a few years ago, the transport from the Baltic Sea ports in Stettin ( Szczecin ) and Danzig ( Gdańsk ) to the Czech Republic and Slovakia was also of greater importance. Due to the poor condition of the Polish rail infrastructure, however, this and some other freight transports have been carried out by road in recent years.

    passenger traffic

    The most important Polish rail connection with other countries is the Berlin-Warszawa-Express (short: BWE), which connects Berlin with Poznań and Warsaw with up to 5 connections a day. In addition, there is a daily direct connection in each direction with a pair of Eurocity trains from Berlin via Poznań and Danzig to Gdynia and thus to the Polish Baltic coast. This connection is particularly important for tourism, while the BWE is mostly used by business travelers and commuters between Berlin and Warsaw.

    Until December 2015 there was also a direct connection with the Eurocity Wawel from Hamburg via Berlin and Cottbus to Wroclaw and Krakow, although this train has only run to Wrocław Główny since 2012. This connection was replaced at least between Berlin and Krakow with a daily IC bus. Once the line between Horka and Wrocław has been fully upgraded , a new rail connection between Berlin and Wrocław is being considered, provided that the journey time is less than 3 hours. However (as of April 2017) this is not to be expected before 2020.

    The route from Wrocław via Görlitz / Zgorzelec to Dresden was served by the Dresden-Wrocław Express until March 1, 2015 . Since its discontinuation, this route has been served by a significantly slower, more frequent connection of the Trilex Express.

    In south-eastern Poland there is a broad-gauge Russian railway called Linia Hutnicza Szerokotorowa (LHS) from the border with Ukraine to Sławków , which extends far inland .

    Trains with automatically adjustable bogies ( SUW 2000 ) for different gauges were used in traffic with Lithuania ; the connection is now also served by an IC night bus Warsaw – Vilnius .

    Train stations

    The following train stations are referred to as "Główn -a, -e, -y" (Central Station, abbreviation: "Gł" ) in Poland . The respective year is given since the station was called the main station. Some have the addition "Osobow -y, -a" ("person").

    Main train stations for people

    1. Bielsko-Biała Główna ( Bielsko , 1943–1945, from 1958)
    2. Bydgoszcz Główna ( Bromberg , 1942–1945, from 1947)
    3. Gdańsk Główny ( Danzig , 1896–1945, from 1947)
    4. Gdynia Główna ( Gdynia or Gotenhafen , since 1967 with the addition Osobowa )
    5. Iława Główna ( German Eylau , 1903–1920, 1941–1945, from 1947)
    6. Kłodzko Główne ( Glatz , 1901–1945, from 1949)
    7. Kraków Główny ( Kraków , 1939–1945, 1947–1957, since 1958 with the addition Osobowy )
    8. Lublin Główny (from 2019)
    9. Łowicz Główny ( Lowitsch , from 1951)
    10. Olsztyn Główny ( Allenstein , from 1936)
    11. Opole Główne ( Opole , from 1936)
    12. Piła Główna ( Schneidemühl , 1944, from 1968)
    13. Podkowa Leśna Główna (1927–1939, from 1945)
    14. Poznań Główny ( Posen , from 1879 to 1900 as Poznan Central Station , 1901-19 ?? as Poznan Central Station , from 1916 to 1919 and from 1939 to 1945 as Poznan Central Station , from 1945 to 1953 as Poznań Główny since 1954 as Poznań Główny Osobowy )
    15. Przemyśl Główny (1941–1944, from 1947)
    16. Rzeszów Główny ( Reichshof , from 2008)
    17. Sosnowiec Główny ( Sosnowitz , from 1951)
    18. Szczecin Główny ( Stettin , from 1931)
    19. Świdnica Główna ( Schweidnitz , 1916–1945, 1945–1948)
    20. Świnoujście Główne ( Swinoujscie , 1910–1949)
    21. Toruń Główny ( Thorn 1901–1909, 1916–1920, from 1937)
    22. Wałbrzych Główny ( Waldenburg-Dittersbach , from 1949)
    23. Warszawa Centralna ( Warsaw Central , ?? - ?? as Warszawa Centrum , from 1969)
    24. Warszawa Główna ( Warsaw Central Station , 1918–1944, closed, has housed the Warsaw Railway Museum since 1972 )
    25. Wrocław Główny ( Breslau , 1884–1900 as Breslau Central-Bahnhof , 1901–1953, since 1954 with the addition 'Osobowy')
    26. Zielona Góra Główna ( Grünberg (Silesia) , from 2018)

    Main stations for goods

    1. Bydgoszcz Główna Towarowa ( Bromberg , 1920–1939, from 1945)
    2. Gdynia Główna Towarowa ( Gdynia or Gotenhafen , 1926–1939, 1945–1991)
    3. Gdynia Port Centralny ( Gdynia or Gotenhafen , from 1945)
    4. Kraków Główny Towarowy ( Kraków , 1947–1992, since 1993 as Kraków Główny Zachod )
    5. Opole Główne Towarowe ( Opole , from 1948)
    6. Pila Główna Towarowa ( Schneidemühl , from 1968)
    7. Poznań Główny Towarowy ( Poznan , 1919–1934, 1945–1997)
    8. Szczecin Port Centralny ( Stettin , 1906–1918, 1919–1945, from 1947)
    9. Toruń Główny Towarowy ( Thorn , 1920–1939, from 1945)
    10. Wrocław Główny Towarowy ( Breslau , from 1945)


    Railway companies

    Polskie Koleje Państwowe (PKP)
    PKP Intercity
    PKP Szybka Kolej Miejska w Trójmieście
    PKP Cargo
    PKP Polskie Line Kolejowe
    PKP Linia Hutnicza Szerokotorowa , the only broad gauge in Poland
    Przewozy Regionalne
    Koleje Mazowieckie (a company of the Masovian Voivodeship )
    Szybka Kolej Miejska w Warszawie
    Warszawska Kolej Dojazdowa
    Koleje Śląskie
    Koleje Dolnośląskie
    DB Cargo Polska
    Chem Trans Logistic (CTL)
    KGHM Polska Miedź SA (Pol-Miedź)
    LOTOS Kolej sp. z oo
    Rail Polska (RP)
    Arriva RP
    Górnośląskie Koleje Wąskotorowe (GKW), former Upper Silesian Narrow Gauge Railway (OSSB)
    Transchem


    Train types

    Narrow-gauge railways

    In Poland , up to around 1990, there were sometimes very extensive narrow-gauge networks in almost all parts of the country; the 1000 mm and 750 mm gauges were particularly widespread. Most of the railways have been shut down in the years since 1990, but museum operations are still offered on some remaining routes.


    Railway museums

    (Voivodeship, place, article)

    The source is the atlas Linii Kolejowych Polski 2010

    1. Greater Poland Voivodeship , Wolsztyn (Wollstein), Wolsztyn Railway Depot
    2. Subcarpathian Voivodeship , Powiat Leski , Cisna Municipality, Majdan, Narrow Gauge Railway Exhibition
    3. Lesser Poland Voivodeship , Chabówka , Museum of Vehicles and Railway Technology in Chabówka
    4. Lesser Poland Voivodeship , Krzeszowice (Kressendorf), Skansen kolejowy w Krzeszowicach
    5. Lesser Poland Voivodeship , Nowy Sącz (New Sandez), Newag
    6. Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship , Bydgoszcz , Izba Tradycji Bydgoskich Dróg Żelaznych
    7. Province Kujawy , Wenecja , narrow gauge railway museum in wenecja mm for webs with gauge 600
    8. Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship Redecz Krukowy , Kuyavian Railway Museum
    9. Łódź Voivodeship , Powiat Brzeziński , Rogów , Rogów – Biała Rawska narrow-gauge railway
    10. Łódź Voivodeship , Skierniewice , Skierniewice roundabout
    11. Łódź Voivodeship , Zduńska Wola - Karsznice (Zduńska Wola) , Skansen Taboru Kolejowego w Karsznicach
    12. Lublin Voivodeship , Janów Lubelski , Skansen Kolei Leśnej
    13. Lublin Voivodeship , Lubartów , Izba tradycji Lubartow
    14. Masovian Voivodeship , Grodzisk Mazowiecki , Muzeum Elektrycznej Kolei Dojazdowej
    15. Masovian Voivodeship , Pionki , Skansen Leśnej Kolei Wąskotorowej, Kolej Leśna Pionki
    16. Masovian Voivodeship , Sochaczew , Narrow Gauge Railway Museum for 750 mm gauge railways, opened on September 6, 1986
    17. Masovian Voivodeship , Warsaw , Warsaw Railway Museum
    18. Lower Silesian Voivodeship , Dzierżoniów ( Reichenbach in the Owl Mountains ), Sowiogórskie Muzeum Techniki
    19. Lower Silesian Voivodeship , Jaworzyna Śląska ( King's Tent ), Railway Museum , Muzeum Przemysłu i Kolejnictwa na Śląsku
    20. Pomeranian Voivodeship , Kościerzyna , ( Berent ), Skansen Railway Museum, Skansen Parowozownia Kościerzyna
    21. Silesian Voivodeship , Częstochowa (Czestochowa), Muzeum Historii Kolei w Częstochowie
    22. Silesian Voivodeship , Herby Nowe (Neu Herby), Muzeum Koleje Herby Nowe
    23. Silesian Voivodeship , Pyskowice (Peiskretscham), Pyskowice Railway Museum (Skansen kolejowy w Pyskowicach)
    24. Silesian Voivodeship , Rudy (Kuźnia Raciborska) , ul.Szkolna 1, (Groß Rauden), Zabytkowa Stacja Kolei Wąskotorowej Rudy (Narrow Gauge Railway Museum)
    25. Silesian Voivodeship , Tarnowskie Góry ul. Szczęść Boże 52, (Tarnowitz), Skansen Maszyn Parowych
    26. West Pomeranian Voivodeship , Gryfice (Greifenberg in Pomerania), Gryfice narrow-gauge railway museum , for railways with 1000 mm gauge


    Forest railways

    (all railways on the Polish eastern border from north to south)

    Name of the railway route Track
    wide
    mm    		 Length
    km    		 Drive
    through     		from to Operation
    through    		 comment
    Forest railway Płociczno - Gulbin - Zelwa 600 ~ 37 1916 1989 from 2001 tourism business, partially dismantled
    Forest railway Czarna Białostocka - Kopna Góra - Waliły 600 ~ 32 1919 1990 partially dismantled
    Hajnówka Forest Railway Hajnówka (forest railway network) 600 1916 1992 partially dismantled
    Forest railway Parczew 1000 ~ 10 ~ 1965 reduced
    Forest railway Rozprza ~ 15 reduced
    Forest railway Zagnańsk - Nowa Słupia ~ 30 reduced
    Forest railway Zagnańsk - Czerwona Góra - Suchedniów ~ 18 reduced
    Forest railway Kielce - Złota Woda ~ 30 1916 1985 reduced
    Forest railway Lipa - Biłgoraj ~ 63 1988
    Forest railway Susiec ~ 10 reduced
    Forest railway Rzepedź - Mików ~ 9 1923
    1959    		 1944
    1994
    Bieszczady Forest Railway Nowy Łupków - Majdan ~ 18 1898 1984 from 1996 tourism business
    Forest railway Przysłup - Moczarne ~ 12 1964 1994 from 2009 tourism operation
    Forest railway Sokoliki - Ustrzyki Górne ~ 27 ~ 1900 ~ 1939


    air traffic

    Airports in Poland, 2014 statistics

    The air traffic in Poland experienced a wave of privatizations in the 1990s. Poland's aviation industry is on the up. A new record was set in 2011 with 21.9 million passengers. Most of the country's airports have been modernized and expanded just in time for the EURO 2012 football championship. On June 16, 2001, an air traffic contract was signed with the USA , which from 2004 onwards enabled all international airports in the USA to be approached from Poland.

    Companies

    The largest airline is Polskie Linie Lotnicze (LOT), which has subsidiaries such as EuroLOT .

    The 3Xtrim Aircraft Factory is a manufacturer of gliders . The ZRPSL is a supplier of aircraft parts.

    Airports

    By far the largest and most important airport in Poland is Warsaw Chopin Airport , followed by those in Krakow , Katowice and Gdansk . Other airports with less international air traffic are Poznan , Wroclaw , Łódź , Stettin , Rzeszów , Bydgoszcz and Olsztyn-Mazury .

    Statistics of the major airports 2011 (from 250,000 passengers / year and up)
    Airport name IATA
    code
    		 ICAO
    code
    		 Height
    (m)
    		 Eröff-
    voltage
    		 operator
    		 classification
    cation
    		 modern
    ized     		Passover
    gers
    		 Freight (tons) Flight
    movements
    Wroclaw (Wroclaw) WRO EPWR 000000000000123.0000000000123   1938 Port Lotniczy Wrocław SA INT   2011 000000001606222.00000000001,606,222 (+ 0.5%) 000000000000946.0000000000946 000000000023627.000000000023,627
    Bydgoszcz BZG EPBY 000000000000072.000000000072   2004 Port Lotniczy Bydgoszcz SA INT   2004 000000000279536.0000000000279,536 (+%) 000000000007537.00000000007,537 -
    Danzig (Gdansk) GDN EPGD 000000000000149.0000000000149   1910 Port Lotniczy Gdańsk Sp. Zoo INT   2011 000000002449702.00000000002,449,702 (+ 10.9%) 000000000004944.00000000004,944 000000000034400.000000000034,400
    Katowice (Pyrzowice) KTW EPKT 000000000000303.0000000000303 nv Górnośląskie Towarzystwo Lotnicze SA INT   2007 000000002500984.00000000002,500,984 (+ 5.7%) 000000000010948.000000000010,948 000000000029259.000000000029,259
    Krakow-Balice CRC EPKK 000000000000241.0000000000241   1968 Międzynarodowy Port Lotniczy im. Jana Pawła II Kraków-Balice Sp. Z oo INT   2007 000000003014060.00000000003,014,060 (+ 6.3%) 000000000003801.00000000003,801 000000000032803.000000000032,803
    Łódź (Lublinek) LCJ EPLL 000000000000158.0000000000158   1925 Port Lotniczy Łódź-Lublinek sp. z oo INT   2012 000000000390261.0000000000390,261 (−5.6%) - 000000000003245.00000000003,245
    Poznań-Ławica POZ EPPO 000000000000094.000000000094   1913 Port Lotniczy Poznań-Ławica sp. z oo INT   2003 000000001425865.00000000001,425,865 (+ 3.1%) - -
    Rzeszów-Jasionka RZE EPRZ 000000000000211.0000000000211   1945 Port Lotniczy Rzeszów-Jasionka Sp. Z oo INT   2011 000000000487740.0000000000487,740 (+ 8.0%) 000000000012357.000000000012,357 -
    Szczecin-Goleniów SZZ EPSC 000000000000047.000000000047   1956 Port Lotniczy Szczecin-Goleniów Sp. Z oo INT   2006 000000000258217.0000000000258,217 (−3.9%) 000000000000119.0000000000119 000000000003235.00000000003,235
    Warsaw (Okęcie) WAW EPWA 000000000000110.0000000000110   1910 Polish Przedsiębiorstwo Państwowe Porty Lotnicze INT   2011 000000009322485.00000000009,322,485 (+ 7.6%) 000000000040800.000000000040,800 000000000116693.0000000000116,693

    Source: ulc.gov.pl

    • Note: Data that are not known are marked with n / a (not available).

    shipping

    There are 3,812 km of navigable waterways in Poland . The most important sea ports in Poland are in Gdansk , Gdynia , Swinoujscie and Szczecin .

    The following regular ferry connections exist:

    Web links

    Commons : Transport in Poland  - collection of pictures, videos and audio files

    Footnotes

    1. ↑ Główny Urząd Statystyczny : Report: Transport - Wyniki działalności w 2005 r. 2005, [5]
    2. ↑ Ministerstwo Infrastructure: PROGRAM BUDOWY DRÓG KRAJOWYCH - NA LATA 2008–2012. Załącznik do uchwały nr 163/2007, Sept. 25, 2007, pp. 33–34
    3. ↑ Märkische Oderzeitung / Frankfurter Stadtbote, August 19, 2005, p. 20
    4. ^ Krajowej Rady Bezpieczeństwa Ruchu Drogowego: Czarne punkty. ( Memento of the original from December 30, 2013 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (PDF; 947 kB) @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.krbrd.gov.pl
    5. ↑ a b Generalna Dyrekcja Dróg Krajowych i Autostrad podsumowuje 2009 rok (GDDKiA)
    6. ↑ a b 20 mld zł - price takiej wartości zostały wykonane na sieci dróg krajowych w 2010 roku. GDDKiA publikuje Raport Roczny 2010
    7. ↑ a b Inwestycje, wydatki i zarządzanie ruchem na sieci dróg krajowych - GDDKiA podsumowuje rok 2011 (GDDKiA)
    8. ↑ a b Inwestycje, wydatki i zarządzanie ruchem na sieci dróg krajowych - GDDKiA podsumowuje rok 2012 (GDDKiA)
    9. ^ Andrzej Chwalba: Brief history of the Third Polish Republic. Wiesbaden 2010, p. 105
    10. ↑ a b Co z autostradami na EURO 2012? ( Memento of the original from March 28, 2010 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (Polish) @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / moto.onet.pl
    11. ↑ Report: autostrady 2012. (Polish)
    12. ↑ a b Never będzie autostrad na EURO 2012 przez brak pieniędzy i powódź. (Polish)
    13. ↑ http://www.newsweek.pl/artykuly/sekcje/polska/plan-budowy-drog-ekspresowych-do-euro-2012-nierealny,53343,1  ( page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.@1@ 2Template: Dead Link / www.newsweek.pl  
    14. ↑ http://www.wprost.pl/ar/186589/Sypie-sie-plan-budowy-drog-ekspresowych/
    15. ↑ Kibice mogą nie dojechać autostradą A2 do Warszawy. (Polish)
    16. ↑ Autostradą na Euro: drogą, ale bez ekranów. (Polish)
    17. ↑ Diabli wzięli kolejną autostradę na Euro 2012. (Polish)
    18. ↑ Poznaliśmy nowych wykonawców odc. A i C autostrady A2.  ( Page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (Polish)@1@ 2Template: Dead Link / www.nbi.com.pl  
    19. ↑ Konferencja GDDKiA - podsumowanie 2008 roku (GDDKiA)
    20. ↑ W 2012 roku przybyło najwięcej nowych dróg (Polish)
    21. ↑ Map and list of streets (Polish)
    22. ↑ Distribution of road types ( Memento of February 27, 2007 in the Internet Archive ) (Polish)
    23. ↑ Statystyka wypadków w 2004 roku (GDDKiA)
    24. ↑ Podstawowe statystyki wypadków drogowych na zamiejskiej sieci dróg krajowych w roku 2005 (GDDKiA)
    25. ↑ Drogi krajowe w Polsce coraz bardziej bezpieczne (GDDKiA)
    26. ↑ Transportation - wyniki działalności w 2008 r. ( Memento of the original from November 3, 2010 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Główny Urząd Statystyczny (Polish) @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.stat.gov.pl
    27. ↑ Michael Bienick: The Eurocity "Wawel" - A tragedy of German-Polish rail cooperation. Future Mobility, July 10, 2014, accessed April 15, 2017 .
    28. ^ Atlas Linii Kolejowych Polski 2010
    29. ↑ That was when the first military airfield was built. The first civil airport in Gdansk was established after the First World War and the first regular Polish flight operations began on September 5, 1922. See http://www.airport.gdansk.pl/service/en/index2.php?click=historia
    30. ↑ Liczba obsłużonych pasażerów oraz wykonanych operacji w ruchu regularnym i czarterowym w polskich portach lotniczych w latach 2009 - 2011 ( Polish , PDF) ulc.gov.pl. Retrieved November 17, 2019.
    Road system in Poland


    Motorways ( list )

    A 1   •  A 2   •  A 3   •  A 4   •  A 6   •  A 8   •  A 12   •  A 18   •  A 50

    Expressways ( list )

    S 1  • S 2  • S 3  • S 5  • S 6  • S 7  • S 8  • S 10  • S 11  • S 12  • S 14  • S 16  • S 17  • S 19  • S 22  • S 50  • S 51  • S 52  • S 61  • S 69  • S 74  • S 79  • S 86

    State roads ( Drogi krajowe )

    1  • 2  • 3  • 4  • 5  • 6  • 7  • 8  • 9  • 10  • 11  • 12  • 13  • 14  • 15  • 16  • 17  • 18  • 19  • 20  • 21  • 22  • 23  • 24  • 25  • 26  • 27  • 28  • 29  • 30  • 31  • 32  • 33  • 34  • 35  • 36  • 37  • 38  • 39  • 40  • 41  • 42  • 43  • 44  • 45  • 46  • 47  • 48  • 49  • 50  • 51  • 52  • 53  • 54  • 55  • 56  • 57  • 58  • 59  • 60  • 61  • 62  • 63  • 64  • 65  • 66  • 67  • 68  • 69  • 70  • 71  • 72  • 73  • 74  • 75  • 76  • 77  • 78  • 79  • 80  • 81  • 82  • 83  • 84  • 85  • 86  • 87  • 88  • 89  • 90  • 91  • 92  • 93  • 94  • 95  • 96  • 97  • 98