Śmigielska Kolej Dojazdowa
The Śmigielska Kolej Dojazdowa is a narrow-gauge railway with a gauge of 750 mm in Poland in the Greater Poland Voivodeship or in the former Prussian Province of Posen .
history
Schmiegeler Kreisbahn (1900–1920)
On September 17, 1900, took Schmiegeler circular path , the meter gauge line from Kriewen ( Krzywiń ) to Alt Boyen ( Stare Bojanowo ) at the main railway Poznan-Breslau ( Poznań - Wrocław ) in operation, initially only for freight transport. On September 1, 1901, the line was extended from Alt Boyen via the district town of Schmiegel ( Śmigiel ), Polish Wilke ( Wilkowo Polskie ) and Wielichowo to Ujazd on the Grätz – Kosten route ( Grodzisk Wielkopolski - Kościan ). The total length of the route was 58.8 km. But on November 30, 1905, passenger traffic on the Wielichowo – Ujazd section and all operations on the Lubnica ( Łubnica ) –Ujazd section were suspended again. The remaining section without passenger traffic Wielichowo – Lubnica remained in operation for freight traffic and was extended to Gradowice in 1908 . In 1909 61,591 t of goods and 104,777 passengers were transported, the circular railway had 28 employees.
On August 1, 1910, the railway from Wielichowo to Rakwitz ( Rakoniewice ) was extended, with the line branching off northeast of Wielichowo from the line to Lubnica and being led around Wielichowo north. The material obtained from the dismantling of the Lubnica – Ujazd line was used to build the line. In Rakwitz there was a connection to the standard gauge line Wollstein ( Wolsztyn ) –Grätz, which was opened in 1905 and which had been extended to Posen in 1909.
The focus in passenger traffic was on the Schmiegel – Alt Boyen shuttle service, three pairs of trains ran to Rakwitz and only two to Kriewen. Mainly grain and potatoes were transported in freight traffic.
Zarząd Śmigielskiej Kolei Powiatowej w Śmiglu (1920–1949)
Through the Treaty of Versailles , the Prussian province of Posen and with it the Schmiegeler Kreisbahn became part of the newly formed Polish state on January 10, 1920. The Schmiegeler Kreisbahn was now called "Zarząd Śmigielskiej Kolei Powiatowej w Śmiglu".
On April 21, 1923, the cessation of all operations on July 7th was ordered due to the poor condition of the track. The setting was final for the Wielichowo – Gradowice line and was subsequently dismantled. The other sections were put back into service in 1923 after repair work.
After the Śmigiel and Kościan districts were merged, the previous Schmiegeler Kreisbahn was combined with the standard-gauge Kostener Kleinbahn Kościan - Gostyń and henceforth operated by the Zarząd Kościanskiej Kolei Powiatowej.
Passenger traffic on the line was largely stopped in the 1930s, and on August 20, 1931, passenger traffic between Bojanowo Stare and Krzywiń ended. In 1936 only two pairs of trains Śmigiel – Bojanowo Stare remained. In 1938, a pair of trains to Wielichowo and Śniaty only ran on Wednesdays.
During the Second World War during the German occupation, passenger traffic was initially suspended. Only the timetable from 1944 shows passenger traffic again, but now again for almost the entire route. Passenger traffic only stopped between Wiesenstadt (Wielichowo) and Rakwitz. The Gaubahnen Wartheland acted as operator . The extension of the line from Kriewen (Krzywiń) to Jägern ( Jerka ) on the standard gauge line Kosten – Gostingen (Kościan – Gostyń) was intended, but did not materialize.
After the end of the German occupation, the company was initially continued under the name "Zarząd Śmigielskiej Kolei Powiatowej w Śmiglu". The sections Rakoniewice – Wielichowo and Bojanowo Stare (Stare Bojanowo) –Krzywiń were initially not served by passenger traffic.
Operation by the PKP (1949–2001)
On July 1, 1949, it was incorporated into the Polish State Railways (PKP) as Śmigielska Kolej Dojazdowa.
In 1952 the gauge change from 1000 mm to 750 mm was tackled in order to gain meter gauge material for the Pomeranian narrow-gauge railways affected by dismantling by the Soviet Union . Starting in Rakoniewie, the entire route was re-gauged until 1956. In some cases, the track was re-routed by moving the track from the street to the hard shoulder. From then on, passenger traffic was again carried out over the entire length.
On June 1, 1973, all traffic on the Rakoniewice – Wielichowo section was discontinued and the line was dismantled in the following years. On July 1, 1979, the Zgliniec –Krzywiń line was closed due to the construction of a reservoir.
The Stare Bojanowo – Wielichowo section, on the other hand, experienced an upswing in the 1980s with a significant expansion of the transport offer. On school days, up to eight pairs of trains ran between Śmigiel and Śniaty , seven of which continued to Wielichowo. Between Śmigiel and Stare Bojanowo there was extensive feeder traffic to the main line with up to 13 pairs of trains.
The Stare Bojanowo – Zgliniec section remained unaffected, there were only two pairs of trains a day. The operation ended in 1990, the line was then dismantled.
In the 1990s, the offer in passenger traffic was greatly reduced, in 1993 passenger traffic on the section Śniaty-Wielichowo was discontinued. However, freight traffic continued.
In the last PKP timetable year (2000/2001) there were ten pairs of Stare Bojanowo – Śmigiel trains (only two of them on Sundays, otherwise only Mondays to Fridays) and only three pairs of trains Śmigiel – Bielawy on school days, two of which continue to Śniaty. As of April 1, 2001, as with all remaining Polish narrow-gauge railways, the timetable was reduced to a minimum, leaving only two pairs of trains, Stare Bojanowo – Śmigiel and Śmigiel – Śniaty, which, however, ran at the same time, so that two railcars were still required. This offer was initially announced for the 2001/2002 timetable, but from 11 June 2001 only one pair of trains Śmigiel – Stare Bojanowo was actually running. Passenger traffic under PKP control ended on June 23, 2001. Freight traffic continued until autumn 2001, when operations were discontinued and the route was transferred to PKP's real estate department.
Takeover by the SKPL (from 2002)
After the PKP ceased operations, the route was taken over by Gmina Śmigiel . On February 4, 2002, passenger traffic on the Śniaty – Stare Bojanowo section was resumed. The Nietążkowo Szkoła stop was built near the Nietążkowo school . In December 2002 the passenger traffic was extended to Wielichowo.
Regular passenger traffic is only offered Monday to Friday, the majority of the traffic volume is determined by school traffic between Nietążkowo Szkoła and the towns in both directions of the route. The three pairs of trains to Wielichowo are only run on school days, and traffic to Stare Bojanowo is significantly reduced during the holidays. At times the traffic was completely stopped during the holidays. The timetable between Śmigiel and Stare Bojanowo was marked by numerous cuts and extensions from 2002 and consisted of three to eight pairs of trains. Several times the SKPL threatened to cease operations due to insufficient cost coverage.
In 2002 freight traffic was also resumed. In addition to the transfer station in Stare Bojanowo, the freight tariff points are the stations Śmigiel, Wilkowo Polskie and Wielichowo.
At the end of 2007, passenger traffic between Śniaty and Wielichowo was suspended again. On March 28, 2008, all operations between Śmigiel and Wielichowo ended due to the poor condition of the track. In September 2009, however, special trips to Wielichowo took place again. For June 25, 2010, the SKPL announced the cessation of the rest of the passenger traffic between Stare Bojanowo and Śmigiel.
| Rakonowiece – Stare Bojanowo – Krzywiń Sections that were shut down before the gauge change from 1000 to 750 mm are not shown. Historical station names in brackets |
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route
Characteristic of the Wielichowo – Śmigiel section is the almost continuous route right next to the road, including within the towns.
In Wielichowo there is only one disused loading track left from the line leading to Rakoniewice. The locomotive shed became superfluous with the cessation of operations in Rakoniewice, it was later disconnected from the track network and demolished in 2002. To the south of the train station are the freight tracks for serving the local agricultural trade.
South of Ziemin is the former Ziemin train station, which is known as "Ziemin Ładownia" but is not a goods tariff point. A platform within the town serves as a stopping point.
The Śniaty station now only has one siding with a switch.
In Wilkowo Polskie the three-track train station is in the center of the village. Although it is a freight tariff point, it is only very rarely used in freight traffic.
The station Bielawy Śmigielskie allows train crossings, but is not a freight tariff point.
A second track is also located in Nowa Wies Kosciańska . Since there is a freight car on it as a bus shelter, train crossings are not possible there.
The former trunk road 5 is crossed southwest of the Śmigiel station. The level crossing can be secured by barriers; However, since the SKPL took over operations, the barriers are no longer operated, and the level crossing is secured by the staff accompanying the train.
The depot is located east of the Śmigiel station without being clearly separated from it.
Between Nietążkowo and Robaczyn is the branch of the no longer operational siding of the Nietążkowo brickworks.
In Stare Bojanowo the line connects to the Poznań – Wrocław main line. The motor coaches in passenger travel by railway siding at the station building from the train station. The freight yard is located at the rear of the station and has a system for loading standard-gauge freight wagons onto trolleys . The branch station also bears the name "Stare Bojanowo Wąskotorowe", also has a platform, but is only an operating station.
From the junction of the former line to Zgliniec and Krzywiń, only the track triangle in the freight station remains.
vehicles
Track width 1000 mm (1900–1956)
In 1909, the railway had five locomotives built in 1899 and 1900, three of which were taken over by PKP under the series designations Ty3 and Ty4, eight passenger cars, three baggage cars and 112 freight cars as well as trolleys for the transport of standard-gauge freight cars.
In 1944 two new locomotives were purchased, which were later classified by the PKP under the designation Ty5.
After the end of the gauging, the vehicle material was handed over to the Pomeranian narrow-gauge railways.
Track width 750 mm (from 1952)
The first post-war vehicles after the gauge change were steam locomotives of the Px48 series . From 1971 diesel railcars of the MBxd1 series were supplied, from 1972 diesel locomotives of the Lyd1 and Lxd2 series . In 1973 the use of steam locomotives could be ended.
In 1986, Śmigielska Kolej Dojazdowa received the first four new-build railcars of the MBxd2 series from Romania. Three more followed in 1996 after the traffic on Opalenicka Kolej Dojazdowa and Gdańska Kolej Dojazdowa ceased . The MBxd2 from Śmigielska Kolej Dojazdowa received a slightly different paintwork from the end of the 1990s with surrounding decorative stripes and red lacquered doors, but without the otherwise usual diagonal decorative stripes on the front and in the door area.
Also from 1986 three passenger cars of the Romanian type A208P (series designation Bxhpi) were used.
After the operation was taken over by the SKPL, the "PKP" logo was replaced by "ŚKD" on all vehicles in operation.
literature
- Siegfried Bufe: Railways in East Brandenburg and Posen . Bufe-Fachbuch-Verlag, Egglham 1999, ISBN 3-922138-71-3 .
- Paweł Korcz: Atlas wąskotorówek . Poznańskie Klub Modelarzy Kolejowych, Poznań 2006, ISBN 83-920757-3-0 .
Web links
- Official website of the SKPL (Polish)
- Description of Śmigielska Kolej Dojazdowa (Polish)
- The Śmigiel Narrow-Gauge Railway (English)