Trolley (transport)

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Standard-gauge freight wagons loaded onto trolleys ( Pinzgaubahn ; 1997)

With trolley certain are types of vehicles in the road and rail transport referred. The use of the term varies by region.

Road traffic

In road traffic, wagons with a flat, open loading area ( flatbed , therefore also flatbed trucks ) are referred to as trolleys . The vehicle can be used for the transport of all kinds of goods. The term exclusively describes the vehicle body that can be used for transport. Originally humans and draft animals were used as propulsion. A roller carriage driver was the driver of a simple roller cart that is pulled by horses. The term roller carriage never corresponded to the definition of a carriage for flatbed trucks , at most for sprung and covered trucks. The motorized flatbed trucks then developed into trucks , vans and pickups .

railroad

Two trolleys of the Bruchhausen-Vilsen museum railway
New narrow-gauge multiple unit for delivery on a roller stool (Weinfelden, Switzerland)
Crash of a ballast wagon from the trolley on the Waldviertel narrow-gauge railways . A high center of gravity and a tight curve had a particularly detrimental effect on a 760 mm gauge.

In the railroad, trolleys are used to transport vehicles from networks of other gauges. This eliminates the need to reload the goods to be transported, which results in considerable cost and time savings. Other systems that avoid reloading goods are road scooters for transporting rail vehicles on the road and trolleys for loading vehicles with different tracks . Increased wages around 1900 favored the introduction of such systems.

The trolleys are usually designed so that the outer solebars of the frame also serve as rails for the standard gauge wagons.

For loading and unloading, the trolleys are driven up to a standard gauge track that ends butt at frame height, the so-called trolley ramp. There are also combined designs that allow the loading of trestles and trolleys alike. During loading, the ends of the trolley are supported by wheel chocks to prevent tipping. Some trolley ramps also have auxiliary rails over the entire usable length, over which the longitudinal beams of the trolleys come to rest and thus protect the trolleys from tipping over. After the trolley or trolleys have been fixed on the ramp, the trolleys to be loaded can be pushed over from the standard gauge or pulled by means of a cable pull. Several standard gauge wagons can be loaded simultaneously by pushing several trolleys together.

The standard gauge wagons are uncoupled and secured on the trolley with wheel chocks and tension chains. Bogie cars loaded on two trolleys are only attached to one trolley. The trolleys either have fully-fledged couplings permanently attached or are pulled apart and coupled with coupling rods.

Freight wagons on trolleys can be put together to form entire freight trains . For this purpose, the trolleys are equipped with the respective brake system ( compressed air , suction air ) or the lever brake of the narrow-gauge railway. The trolleys are coupled by firmly attached, fully-fledged couplings of the respective standard of the narrow-gauge railway, or by coupling rods , unloaded in the latter case by short coupling bars . It is rare, for example at the Swiss Brünig Railway , to equip trolleys with an automatic central buffer coupling .

Germany

HSB trolley loaded with a tank car
Radebeul Ost train station : Am Alten Güterboden; two standard gauge cars on narrow-gauge trolleys

In the railway sector, the trolley is an auxiliary vehicle with which standard gauge wagons are transported on narrow-gauge railways (see also Railway Construction and Operating Regulations for Narrow- Gauge Railways (ESBO) §18 (6)). The common generic term of the ESBO for trolleys and trolleys is trolleys .

The fact that was mainly responsible for the advent of trolleys in Germany was the lack of a coherent narrow-gauge network. This showed that the narrow-gauge lines disintegrated or disintegrated into many island operations, which is why the operating regulations were or are not uniform. While the Deutsche Reichsbahn only allowed one two-axle standard-gauge wagon per trolley, the Mittelbadische Eisenbahngesellschaft also loaded four-axle mineral oil tank wagons onto individual trolleys, which were accordingly long. At the Reichsbahn, bogie wagons were loaded onto two trolleys, if permitted.

Trolley of the Royal Saxon State Railways

The trolleys of the Royal Saxon State Railways all had a track width of 750 mm.

Genus 813 Genus 814 Genus 816 Genus 819 Genus 899 Genus 900 Genus 910 Genus 912
First year of delivery 1907 1901 1901 1901 1905 1905 1916 1921
Driving platform height 400 mm 400 mm 400 mm 400 mm
Platform length 5500 mm 11,000 mm 7800 mm 4640 mm 5200 mm 7500 mm 5500 mm 7800 mm
Number of axes four six six three four four four four
Load capacity 34 t

Roller carriage of the Deutsche Reichsbahn-Gesellschaft (old building roller carriage)

The 130 four-axle trolleys procured by the DRG between 1929 and 1938 for the Saxon networks had a travel platform length of 8,000 mm and were for the most part delivered with Körting brakes. Another 26 trolleys of these years of construction already received a 9,000 mm long moving platform. The trolleys from the year of construction 1944 had all 9,000 mm side members with otherwise the same design. The longitudinal beams were formed from U-profiles, which were composed of two double T-beams. The individual cross members and head pieces were riveted to the side members.

Roller carriage of the Deutsche Reichsbahn (new construction roller carriage)

HSB trolleys loaded with roll-off containers

The trolleys procured by the DR from 1960 to 1962 are completely welded constructions with a 9,000 mm long traveling platform, which were built for both 1000 mm and 750 mm track widths. The 415 mm high side members protrude 105 mm beyond the runway.

Rolling carts at private railways

Many private railways also used trolleys. One of the oldest developments is likely to come from the Cologne-based van der Zypen & Charlier wagon factory; The first pictures show the use of such vehicles on the Bayer factory railway. The Hohenlimburg Kleinbahn also started using such vehicles from 1900. Apparently, the Dortmund company Both & Tilmann later took over production and developed it further with its own patents. Vehicles of this manufacturer were available in addition to the Hohenlimburger Kleinbahn at the Plettenberger Kleinbahn, the Iserlohner Kreisbahn, the Klb. Haspe-Vörde-Breckerfeld, the Wuppertaler Bahnen etc. Was also delivered to Switzerland, u. a. a special construction in which the rails were also pivoted so that particularly narrow radii could be used. Other manufacturers in western Germany were the Hohenlimburg mechanical engineering company Boecker & Volkenborn and Orenstein & Koppel from Dortmund-Dorstfeld. In 1960/61 this company had supplied modern, welded trolleys with a length of 9.0 m and air brakes to the Hohenlimburg small railway. After the cessation of operation of this line, some copies were sold to the DR for the industrial line in Halle. Five wagons from the manufacturers Both & Tilmann, Boecker & Volkenborn and O & K from the Hohenlimburg inventory have been preserved at the Märkische Museumseisenbahn near Plettenberg; two of which were brought back from Halle. DEV in Bruchhausen-Vilsen and the Selfkantbahn also have trolleys in their inventory.

Switzerland

RhB freight train with an SBB standard-gauge freight car

In Switzerland, trolleys are known as roller stools . They are considered full-fledged railway wagons and are used both on the standard-gauge network for transporting narrow-gauge vehicles and on the narrow-gauge railways for transporting standard-gauge vehicles.

The list of narrow-gauge railways in Switzerland and the list of former Swiss railway lines include all existing and former Swiss railways with roller bogie traffic .

Australia

During the gauging of the Great Northern Railway in Australia called were pickaback trains used. These trains consisted of standard-gauge roller car compositions on which entire narrow-gauge trains could be loaded and were used as long as the line was operated partly standard-gauge, partly narrow-gauge. The loading facility was initially in Brachina, but after the construction work was completed it was moved to Marree, where it was used to load narrow-gauge vehicles that had to be driven to the repair shop in Port Augusta .

Japan

Torein on Torein- Mockup

After the opening of the Shinkansen traffic through the Seikan tunnel in 2015, freight traffic had to be maintained on this route . The Torein on Torein ( train on train ) concept was developed for this purpose. Covered trolleys for 1435 mm gauge were to be used, which would transport the wagons with 1067 mm gauge through the tunnel.

In practice, the tunnel route was given classic three-rail tracks , so the time-consuming trolley solution was not necessary.

See also

literature

Web links

Commons : Trolleys and Trolleys  - Collection of images, videos, and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ^ JL Buckland; Keith A. Smith; Fuller, pp. 12, 299.