Motorway (Poland)

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Sign for the highway
Current network of motorways and expressways in Poland
  • in operation
  • under construction
  • in planning
    • The building history of the motorways and expressways as an animation of 80 years
  • in operation
  • under construction
  • in planning
    • A2 motorway near Poznan
    Construction of the motorway section of the A4 motorway near Bolesławiec
    A1 motorway: Swarożyn-Nowe Marzy section
    The A2 motorway near Poznan
    Construction of the A2 at the Trzciel junction in September 2011
    The A8 motorway near Wroclaw opened in 2011

    The motorway ( Polish: Autostrada ) is a type of road in Poland and forms part of the national highway network. It serves national and international road transport.

    At present there are motorways with a length of approx. 1700 kilometers, around 220 kilometers are being built. The planned motorway network is around 1990 kilometers. The most important and longest motorway connections are the east-west connections A2 and A4 and the north-south connection A1 . In addition to these motorways, there are three motorway sections, which are designated as A6 , A8 and A18 .

    Since January 1, 2011, the maximum speed on Polish motorways has been 140 km / h, previously it was 130 km / h.

    history

    1st phase: time of the German Reichsautobahn and time until 1970

    Before the Second World War, the German Reich built a number of motorway fragments in Silesia and Pomerania. These were on the

    Most of the motorway bridges over rivers were destroyed during the World War, but only some of them were replaced immediately afterwards. The bridge over the Ina river was renewed in 1972, the bridges over the Pasłęka , Młynówka and Omaza rivers along the road from Elbląg to Grzechotki were not renewed until 1996 to 2003.

    In addition to the motorway sections mentioned, there was also unfinished construction work along the routes:

    Apart from the renewed bridges, all these unfinished or finished elements existed unchanged until the first half of the 1990s.

    2nd phase: 1970-2006

    Of the Reichsautobahn, only the Berlinka in the Łęczyca - Lisowo section experienced an extension with one lane until the 1970s . In the 1970s, serious construction of an extensive motorway network began. In 1972 these sections were planned:

    In 1976 the plans were expanded to include these sections:

    In 1985 the planned routes were divided into two types of roads: the motorways ( Autostrady ) and the expressways ( Drogi ekspresowe ). The routes of today's A1, A2 and A4 motorways were marked as motorways. But the implementation of these plans was slow at the time. Between 1978 and 1991, the A1 motorway sections: Tuszyn - Piotrków Trybunalski (approx. 18 km), A2: Września - Konin ( Modła ) (approx. 48 km) and A4: Jaworzno (Byczyna) - Kraków ( Balice ) ( approx. 36 km) opened to traffic. In the following years, only short sections of the motorway were built in the area of ​​the partially newly opened and expanded border crossings.

    In the 1990s, the plans for the future motorway and expressway network were changed. In 1993 the Olszyna - Krzywa ( A18/ DK18, then signposted as A12) and Kołbaskowo - Szczecin ( A6) routes were upgraded to motorway sections. The section Szczecin - Gorzów Wielkopolski - Zielona Góra - Legnica - Bolków - Lubawka was upgraded to A3, but again downgraded to in 2001 S3. Also in 1993 the section Łódź - Wrocław - Bolków was considered A8planned; In 2001 the A8 was limited to the Wrocław bypass, the remaining section to Łódź was S8downgraded.

    In 2006 the section of the A2 from Konin to Łódź ( Stryków ) was completed and opened to traffic.

    3rd phase: construction boom 2007-2014

    In 2007 the European Football Championship 2012 was awarded to Poland and Ukraine . Completion of all Polish motorways was planned by the end of 2012. The only exception was initially the connection of the A2 Warsaw - Belarus , the implementation of which was planned for after 2012.

    In 2007, on September 26th, the 7.7 kilometer Klucz - Kijewo section of the A6 was opened after modernization. In addition, the 25-kilometer section of the A1 from Pruszcz Gdański ( Rusocin ) to Tczew ( Swarożyn ) was opened on December 22, 2007 .

    On November 17, 2008 the section of the A1 Tczew ( Swarożyn ) - Grudziądz ( Nowe Marzy ) with a length of 65 kilometers was completed. On December 22, 2008, the Stryków bypass was completed. This was the 1.7-kilometer section Łódź-Północ - Stryków of the A2 motorway and a 3-kilometer section along the A1.

    In 2009 the following sections were completed:

    From 2010 onwards, various contracted construction companies and subcontractors began to experience financial difficulties that resulted in bankruptcies and considerable construction delays. The planned construction goals up to the European Football Championship had to be abandoned in several construction phases; some sections were only provisionally completed by mid-2012.

    In 2010 only a short section of the motorway was completed and opened:

    The following motorway sections were opened in 2011:

    In 2011 a total of 214 km of new motorway route was opened. The 1000 km mark was exceeded with the opening of the 106 km long section of the A2 motorway from Słubice on the German border to Nowy Tomyśl on December 1st. The A8 as a bypass for Wroclaw was thus completed.

    The following motorway sections were opened in 2012:

    2012 represents the record year so far with a total of 299.3 kilometers of newly completed and opened motorway route.

    The following motorway sections with a total length of 126.8 km were opened in 2013:

    The following motorway sections (53 km) were released in 2014:

    • A1 Włocławek-Zachód - Kowal (21.0 km; opened April 30)
    • A1 Swierklany - Mszana (7.2 km; opened May 23)
    • A4 Tarnów-Północ - Dębica-Wschód (34.8 km; opened October 30th)

    Thus, at the end of 2014, the Łódź bypass and the long Piotrków Trybunalski - Częstochowa - Pyrzowice section were still missing on the A1, most of the east of Warsaw on the A2 (except for the 21 km Mińsk Mazowiecki bypass) and the Rzeszów - Jarosław section on the A4 .

    4th phase: After the construction boom, from 2015

    By 2014 (originally planned for the European Football Championship in 2012), most of the basic motorway network had been completed. In 2015 there were no more kilometers, only in 2016 there were openings:

    The A4 was now completely finished.

    features

    Construction of a Polish motorway
    A4 motorway along the     Krakow bypass
    A4 motorway in Katowice at night
    Speed ​​limits on Poland's roads

    A Polish motorway consists of two directional lanes with at least two lanes and a hard shoulder. The lane width is usually 3.75 m.

    Marking and signage

    They are marked with red signs with the capital letter A and the corresponding number. The signs on the motorway have a blue background with white letters.

    regulate

    The maximum speed on Polish motorways is 140 km / h.

    Vehicle type Top speed (km / h)
    140
    • Bus with additional specifications
    		 100
    • Cars with trailers
    • Motorcycle with trailer
    • Trucks with trailers up to 3.5 tons
    • Trucks over 3.5 tons (also with trailers)
    • marked dangerous goods transporters and the like
    • Bus (also with trailer)
    		 80
    • Vehicle with a device protruding forward (more than 1.5 meters from the seat)
    		 60
    • Motorbike (also with a trailer) with a child under 7 years
    		 40

    The following is generally prohibited on Polish motorways:

    • Change of direction ,
    • Stopping or parking a vehicle (with the exception of the designated spaces),
    • Turning back,
    • Towing, with the exception of the towing vehicles for towing to the next exit or service areas

    Vehicles that, due to their design, cannot travel faster than 40 km / h are not permitted on Polish motorways.

    Technical parameters

    The technical parameters of the motorway were set by the Polish Ministry of Transport on March 2, 1999.

    The motorway can only have motorway junctions , motorway triangles and junctions with the road type of the main road , only connections with main roads for accelerated traffic, expressways and motorways should exist. Distances between connection points should not be less than 15 km, within large cities and in metropolitan areas not less than 5 km. In exceptional situations, if this is justified by traffic-related requirements, individual distances between interchanges are not less than 5 km and 3 km in large cities and metropolises.

    Emergency communications equipment should be available on the motorway.

    Other parameters depend on the design speed :

    Design speed (km / h) 120 100 80 1
    Width of the lane (m) 3.75 3.5
    Width of the hard shoulder (m) 3.0 2.5
    Maximum length of a flat section (m) of convex
    changes in the gradient of the road without restricting the view     		2000 1500
    Minimum length of a flat section between the arches in the same direction (m) 500 400 350
    Minimum length of the arch (m) 300 200 150
    Maximum slope (%) 4th 5 6th
    Footnotes:
    1 - Only in the area of ​​a large city

    Current highways

    No. European
    roads     		From
    (north or west)     		Via To
    (south or east)     		Total
    length     		In operation Under construction In the
    tender     		In concrete
    planning a
    A1 E75 Danzig Grudziądz  - Włocławek  - Toruń  - Łódź  - Piotrków Trybunalski  - Częstochowa  - Bytom  - Zabrze  - Gliwice  - Rybnik  - Żory Symbol: border Czech RepublicCzech Republic CZ / Gorzyczki 0568 km 0478.3 km 084.2% 89.7 km
    A2 E30 Symbol: border GermanyGermany DE / Świecko Poznan  - Konin  - Łódź  - Skierniewice  - Warsaw  - Siedlce  - Biała Podlaska Symbol: border BelarusBelarus BY / Kukuryki 0622.2 km 0476.6 km 076.3% 014.6 km 25 km 108 km
    A4 E40
    E462     		Symbol: border GermanyGermany DE / Jędrzychowice Legnica  - Wroclaw  - Opole  - Gliwice  - Ruda Śląska  - Chorzów  - Katowice  - Mysłowice  - Jaworzno  - Kraków  - Tarnów  - Rzeszów  - Przemyśl Symbol: border UkraineUkraine UA / Korczowa 0672.5 km 0670.0 km 100%
    A6 E28 Symbol: border GermanyGermany DE / Kołbaskowo Szczecin Symbol: KN Rzęśnica 0029 km 0025.5 km 087.9% 003.5 km
    A8 E67
    E261     		Symbol: KN Wrocław-Poludnie Wroclaw Symbol: KN Wrocław- Psie Pole 0022.4 km 0022.4 km 100.0%
    A18 E36 Symbol: border GermanyGermany EN / Olszyna Symbol: KN Krzyżowa 0078.8 km 0007.0 km 009.0% 33.5 km 16.2 km 021.5 km
    total 1992.9 km 1679.8 km 084.3% 0141.3 km 41.2 km 129.5 km

    As of September 28, 2019

    aPlanning sections with DŚU (abbreviation for pol .: D ecyzja o ś rodowiskowych u warunkowaniach , German about: environmental impact decision )

    Former highways

    number course status
    A3 Szczecin - Lubawka (Czech border) Planning discarded today as S3 realized
    A12 Krzywa - Golnice 2001 renamed A18, today part of the A4 (Krzywa-Krzyżowa) or A18 (Krzyżowa-Golnice)

    Planned highways

    number From Via To status
    A50 Warsaw Central Airport Mszczonów - Góra Kalwaria Mińsk Mazowiecki ( A2 ) Planned, unknown realization date

    See also

    Web links

    Individual evidence

    1. ↑ Speed limit in Poland will be increased.
    2. ↑ Report: autostrady 2012. (Polish)
    3. ↑ Co z autostradami na EURO 2012? ( Memento of the original from March 28, 2010 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (Polish) @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / moto.onet.pl
    4. ↑ a b Nie będzie autostrad na EURO 2012 przez brak pieniędzy i powódź (Polish)
    5. ↑ Kibice mogą nie dojechać autostradą A2 do Warszawy (Polish)
    6. ↑ Autostradą na Euro: drogą, ale bez ekranów. (Polish)
    7. ↑ Diabli wzięli kolejną autostradę na Euro 2012. (Polish)
    8. ↑ COVEC ma problemy przy budowie autostrady A2.
    9. ↑ W 2012 roku przybyło najwięcej nowych dróg (Polish)
    10. ↑ Dz.U.1999.43.430
    11. ^ Resolution of the Council of Ministers of September 28, 1993 (Polish)
    12. ^ Ordinance of the Council of Ministers of September 24, 2019 amending the ordinance on the motorway and expressway network (Polish)
    Road system in Poland


    Motorways ( list )

    A 1   •  A 2   •  A 3   •  A 4   •  A 6   •  A 8   •  A 12   •  A 18   •  A 50

    Expressways ( list )

    S 1  • S 2  • S 3  • S 5  • S 6  • S 7  • S 8  • S 10  • S 11  • S 12  • S 14  • S 16  • S 17  • S 19  • S 22  • S 50  • S 51  • S 52  • S 61  • S 69  • S 74  • S 79  • S 86

    State roads ( Drogi krajowe )

    1  • 2  • 3  • 4  • 5  • 6  • 7  • 8  • 9  • 10  • 11  • 12  • 13  • 14  • 15  • 16  • 17  • 18  • 19  • 20  • 21  • 22  • 23  • 24  • 25  • 26  • 27  • 28  • 29  • 30  • 31  • 32  • 33  • 34  • 35  • 36  • 37  • 38  • 39  • 40  • 41  • 42  • 43  • 44  • 45  • 46  • 47  • 48  • 49  • 50  • 51  • 52  • 53  • 54  • 55  • 56  • 57  • 58  • 59  • 60  • 61  • 62  • 63  • 64  • 65  • 66  • 67  • 68  • 69  • 70  • 71  • 72  • 73  • 74  • 75  • 76  • 77  • 78  • 79  • 80  • 81  • 82  • 83  • 84  • 85  • 86  • 87  • 88  • 89  • 90  • 91  • 92  • 93  • 94  • 95  • 96  • 97  • 98