Warszawa Centralna railway station
| Warszawa Centralna | |
|---|---|
|
|
| Data | |
| Location in the network | Through station |
| Design | Tunnel station |
| Platform tracks | 8th |
| Price range | A. |
| opening | 1975 |
| Architectural data | |
| architect | Arseniusz Romanowicz |
| location | |
| City / municipality | Warsaw |
| Place / district | Śródmieście |
| Voivodeship | Mazovia |
| Country | Poland |
| Coordinates | 52 ° 13 '43 " N , 21 ° 0' 11" E |
| Railway lines | |
| List of train stations in Poland | |
Warszawa Centralna (Warsaw Central Railway Station ) is the main railway station in Warsaw and one of the largest underground railway stations in Europe. It is connected to the neighboring stations Warszawa Wschodnia ( Warsaw East ) and Warszawa Zachodnia ( Warsaw West ) via the Warsaw Central Tunnel . The station is the stop of several long-distance lines of the Polish State Railways (PKP), including the Berlin-Warszawa-Express operated jointly with Deutsche Bahn .
history
Vienna train station
Railway operations in Warsaw began in 1843 with the first section of the Warsaw-Vienna Railway, which was completed in 1848 . The Wiener Bahnhof (Polish: Dworzec Wiedeński ) was a terminus station and was located roughly on the site of today's central station. The station of the Warsaw-Petersburg Railway, opened in 1862 (called Dworzec Wileński or Warszawa Wileńska from 1918 ), as well as the station on the line to Terespol (today Warszawa Wschodnia ) opened in 1866, was on the other side of the Vistula . In 1876 a connecting railway, Kolej Obwodowa , was built, which curved north around the city center. The first plans for a central Warsaw train station were made as early as 1879.
First main station ( Dworzec Główny )
After Polish independence at the end of World War I, all broad gauge lines in Poland were brought to European standard gauge. In this context, the topic was taken up again and it was decided to route long-distance rail traffic in a tunnel under the center of Warsaw and to build the new Dworzec Główny (Central Station) on this tunnel at the location of the Vienna train station. The first work began in 1919 with the demolition of the old station building of the Warsaw-Vienna railway. In connection with the construction of the Linia Średnicowa inner-city connection, the new Warszawa Zachodnia station was built in the west of the city.
The connection with a tunnel section under the city center and a temporary train station was put into operation in 1933. This building was designed by Czesław Przybylski and Andrzej Pszenicki . In 1936 the line was electrified.
The construction of the representative reception building of the main train station, which began in 1932, was not quite finished until the Second World War . The east-west route through the city and the main train station (officially called Warsaw Central Station during the German occupation ) took up most of the rail traffic through Warsaw.
Provisional solutions after 1944
After the Warsaw Uprising was put down in 1944, like the whole city, the main train station was destroyed by German troops . The central route through the tunnel also became impassable. In 1946 the Capital Reconstruction Office determined where a new train station was to be built. In 1948 Arseniusz Romanowicz and Piotr Szymaniak planned the new central station. A year later, the plans had to be revised because the construction of the new Palace of Culture was given priority. It was not until 1970, after Edward Gierek took office as head of state and party, that the two architects were able to resume their plans.
In the meantime, a number of temporary arrangements were made. The freight terminus of the Warsaw-Vienna Railway, west of the main train station, was converted into the main passenger station Warszawa Główna Osobowa . Trains going through in east-west or west-east direction were led over a route north of the city center and crossed the Vistula via the Danzig Bridge ( most Gdański ) . They held west of the bridge in the station Warszawa Gdańska ( Gdańsk station ). 1952–1954 a provisional facility was built in the western tunnel entrance for suburban traffic, with barracks as handling buildings. In 1963, the Warszawa Śródmieście station was opened and the barracks station was demolished. In 1967 the east-west tunnel was put back into operation. Some long-distance trains also used it, but, unlike the pre-war situation, had to stop at other Warsaw train stations instead of Warsaw Główna. In order to come closer to a permanent solution, a second pair of tracks was laid through the east-west tunnel.
Today's central station
In 1972 the construction of the new central station began. The Warszawa Centralna was opened on December 8, 1975 on the occasion of Leonid Brezhnev's visit to a congress of the Polish United Workers' Party . Instead of 72 months as planned, the construction time was only allowed to be 39 months. The time pressure caused deficiencies in the construction and later required numerous improvements. The underground through station is laid out as a saddle over four platforms with eight tracks. These subterranean parts are not purely civil engineering either, but, like the main building, have been given an aesthetic signature that was created by the architects Arseniusz Romanowicz and Piotr Szymaniak .
As part of the preparations for the European Football Championship in 2012 , the station was renovated from 2010 because there was no money for a new building in addition to current expenses. The “Towarszystwo Projektowe” (German: Project Company ) office received the order from Jerzy Porębski and Grzegorz Niwiński. They decided on a monument preservation approach with the removal of numerous later fixtures in the halls and passages, as well as cleaning the granite and marble surfaces and upgrading the lighting. They held back with their own accents.
Unimpressed by this, there were then considerations to demolish the station and replace it with a new building. As early as 2009, Gazeta Wyborcza announced that the current reception building, which was only renovated for the 2012 European Football Championship, would be replaced by a new one in the same location from 2014.
Facilities and neighborhood
The station is laid out underground. The station building is on the ground floor, a system of underground passages connects it with the four platforms, each 300 meters long, and with two neighboring regional train stations. In station Warszawa Śródmieście ( Warsaw center ) trains stop regional train KOLEJE MAZOWIECKIE ( Mazovian webs ) and the newly formed train Szybka Kolej Miejska , in the station Warszawa Śródmieście WKD the traveling southwest Vorortbahn Warszawska Kolej Dojazdowa . The Złote Tarasy ( Golden Terraces ) complex has been standing next to the train station since 2007 and includes many tram and 16 bus stops.
Rail operations
Warszawa Centralna station is used almost exclusively for long-distance traffic. With a few exceptions, regional trains use the neighboring Warszawa Śródmieście station. Warszawa Centralna is not a train formation station. Trains starting and ending in Warsaw start or end in Warszawa Zachodnia or Warszawa Wschodnia. For longer train runs, an extended stop in Warszawa Wschodnia serves as a time buffer.
The Warsaw Railway Museum is located on the site of the temporary Warsaw Główna Railway Station . As the site is to be used commercially, the museum is currently being closed or relocated.
Web links
- Warszawa Centralna on kolej.one.pl (Polish)
- History and various pictures (Polish)
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b Krótka historia kolei w Warszawie. (No longer available online.) Warszawa1939.pl, archived from the original on October 28, 2008 ; Retrieved September 2, 2009 (Polish). Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ tymczasowy dworzec nad wykopem linii średnicowej. warszawa1939.pl, accessed September 2, 2009 (Polish).
- ↑ a b c Werner Huber: Resurrection of an architectural icon - Warsaw's central train station, which was unpopular for a long time, has been successfully renovated . In: Neue Zürcher Zeitung . No. 36 , February 13, 2012, p. 29 .
- ^ Dworzec Główny. warszawa1939.pl, accessed September 2, 2009 (Polish).
- ^ German course book 1944/45, part Generalgouvernement.
- ↑ Małgorzata Danecka, Thorsten Hoppe: Warsaw: Tours through the Polish capital . Trescher Verlag, 2008, ISBN 978-3-89794-116-8 , pp. 225 .
- ↑ Werner Huber: Grace period for «Warszawa Centralna». (No longer available online.) Hochparterre-schweiz.ch, January 21, 2010, archived from the original on March 8, 2013 ; Retrieved September 4, 2012 .
- ↑ Gazeta.pl on new building plans (in Polish)
- ↑ Warsaw Museum closure - PKP reply. polishrail.wordpress.com, accessed September 1, 2009 .
