Hajnówka

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Hajnówka
Гайнаўка
Hajnówka Coat of Arms
Hajnówka Гайнаўка (Poland)
Hajnówka Гайнаўка
Hajnówka
Гайнаўка
Basic data
State : Poland
Voivodeship : Podlaskie
Powiat : Hajnówka
Area : 21.29  km²
Geographic location : 52 ° 44 '  N , 23 ° 34'  E Coordinates: 52 ° 44 '0 "  N , 23 ° 34' 0"  E
Height : 150 m npm
Residents : 20,580
(June 30, 2019)
Postal code : 17-200
Telephone code : (+48) 85
License plate : BHA
Economy and Transport
Street : Ext. 685 , ext. 689
Next international airport : Warsaw
Gmina
Gminatype: Borough
Residents: 20,580
(June 30, 2019)
Community number  ( GUS ): 2005011
Administration (as of 2018)
Mayor : Jerzy Sirak
Address: ul.Aleksego Zina 1
17-200 Hajnówka
Website : www.hajnowka.pl



Hajnówka [ xai̯ˈnufka ] ( Belarusian Гайнаўка, Hajnaŭka , in German also Gajnowka ) is a bilingual city in Poland in the Podlaskie Voivodeship . It is the seat of Powiat Hajnowski and has about 22,000 inhabitants.

geography

Hajnówka is located in the southeast of the Podlaskie Voivodeship. The rural community borders the Białowieża National Park to the east . The Leśna Prawa River flows through the city .

history

In the 16th century there was a small forest settlement on the site of today's Hajnówka. With a decree of 1589 the goods of Poland were separated into state and royal goods. The Puszcza Białowieska was added to the king's estates and therefore placed under special protection, from which the forest settlement also benefited.

In 1795, after the Third Partition of Poland , the city came under the rule of Prussia . In 1808 the city became part of the newly created Duchy of Warsaw and in 1815 part of Congress Poland . After its decline, the place was officially under Russian rule. However , many residents of the village Hajnówka were active during the November uprising and were deported to Siberia after it was suppressed. The place was not settled again until 1860 and in 1888 it became the estate of the Russian Tsar .

Between 1894 and 1906 the city was connected to the rail network. It became the hub of connections from Bielsk Podlaski to Białowieża and Siedlce and Waukawysk . Around 1900 a road was built from Bielsk Podlaski to Białowieża, which ran through Hajnówka and thus also represented an important economic factor. During the First World War the village was occupied by the Germans. This ended the previous protection of the area and began its economic use. The place received two sawmills and also became the hub for an approximately 90 km long narrow-gauge rail network that ran through the surrounding forests and was used for forestry .

In 1918 Hajnauka was declared part of the Belarusian People's Republic , but fell back to Poland in 1919. The area was briefly placed under protection again. But this did not last long and so the village attracted workers who were mainly employed in the timber industry. In the meantime, most of the industries had become state property. A Roman Catholic church, a synagogue, three elementary schools, two cinemas, a post office, a public library and a bank were also built in the early 1920s. At the end of 1930 there were 1,947 workers in the Hajnówkas factories.

With the beginning of the Second World War , the development of the place was stopped. The place was occupied by the Red Army and the industrial facilities were largely dismantled and brought to the Soviet Union. Hajnauka became part of the Bielastok Woblast of Belarus. As from other places in Soviet-occupied western Belarus, many residents of the place were deported to Soviet labor camps. With the beginning of the Barbarossa company , the German Wehrmacht occupied the city. On July 18, 1944, the Soviet troops captured the city again. Around 700 people lost their lives during the war. Hajnówka was rebuilt and developed well, so in 1951 it was granted city rights . Three years later the city became the seat of its own powiat , but lost this status again during an administrative reform in 1975. In 1999 the powiat was re-established.

religion

Most of the residents of Hajnówka are Belarusians and belong to the Orthodox Church, while the Polish minority is Roman Catholic. The Missionary Sisters of the Holy Family have an office in Hajnówka.

Population development

At the beginning of the Hajnówka settlement, very few forest workers lived here. After the November uprising, the place was effectively extinct and was not settled again until 1860. In 1925 about 70% of the population were Polish. There were also Jews, Germans, Ukrainians, Belarusians and Russians.

Today Hajnówka is an important center of the Belarusian minority in Podlasie.

year 1830 1925 2000
population 500 4,000 23,977

Rural community

The rural municipality Hajnówka, to which the municipality Hajnówka itself does not belong, has 3872 inhabitants (as of June 30, 2019) and an area of ​​293.15 km².

Culture and sights

Museums

  • the museum of blacksmithing and locksmithing
  • the Museum of Belarusian Culture

Buildings

Holy Trinity Cathedral

An outstanding building is the Cathedral of the Holy Trinity of the Polish Orthodox Church.

  • the life-size statue of a bison

Natural monuments

Hajnówka is directly adjacent to the Białowieża National Park , a UNESCO World Heritage Site .

Web links

Commons : Hajnówka  - album with pictures, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. a b population. Size and Structure by Territorial Division. As of June 30, 2019. Główny Urząd Statystyczny (GUS) (PDF files; 0.99 MiB), accessed December 24, 2019 .
  2. ^ W. Franz: German work in the primeval forest of Bialowies: After a report, reported to the Scientific Commission of the Königl. Prussian War Ministry. Berlin 1917.