Belarusian People's Republic
| Belarusian People's Republic Беларуская Народная Рэспубліка 1918 |
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| National anthem | Vajacki marš | ||
| Official language | Belarusian | ||
| Capital | Minsk | ||
| Form of government | republic | ||
| president |
Jan Sierada Pyotr Kratscheuski |
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| Founding of the state | March 25, 1918 | ||
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The Belarusian People's Republic ( Belarusian Белару́ская Наро́дная Рэспу́бліка , Belaruskaja Narodnaja Respublika, BNR; German, more rarely Belarusian People's Republic ) was the first independent Belarusian state. The republic was founded in 1918 and directed by the Rada BNR until it was ousted in 1919 by the Belarusian Soviet Socialist Republic (part of Soviet Russia). The Rada is still active today and is one of the oldest governments in exile in the world.
history
In December 1917, the establishment of an independent Belarusian republic was decided at the first Belarusian People's Congress. This congress elected a government (the so-called Rada). On March 19, 1918, the Rada was converted into a parliament on the initiative of the Hramada party . On March 25, 1918, the Belarusian People's Republic was proclaimed under the German protectorate . The leading forces of the republic were the Belarusian Socialist Hramada , the Belarusian Christian Democrats and the General Jewish Workers' Union .
The existence of the Belarusian People's Republic was not accepted by the majority of the rural population. The Belarusian elite remained too small and without influence, the cities were too weak and the Belarusian culture could not be stimulated sufficiently. The government managed to set up various national institutions. Belarusian was introduced as the official language, schools were opened and newspapers were published.
After the proclamation of independence, the representatives of the BNR asked the German Chancellor for the official recognition of the Belarusian People's Republic. Although it was never officially recognized, the People's Secretariat was seen as the legal government of the country. In the summer of 1918, the BNR was publicly supported by Germany in the Russian-German commission. It campaigned for the implementation of the Brest-Litovsk peace treaty , the separation of Belarusian territory from the RSFSR and support in the fight against the conquest plans by Poland .
Although the KPR (B) never recognized the government, its Central Committee wrote: "The power of the government of the BNR should be transferred to the government of the BSSR". With the establishment of the Belarusian Socialist Soviet Republic (BSSR) on January 1, 1919, the Belarusian People's Republic lost its importance and the government went into exile.
In the winter of 1920, supporters of the Belarusian People's Republic carried out the Slutsk uprising for the independence of Belarus.
Foreign policy
During its existence, the Belarusian People's Republic was able to establish diplomatic relations with several states. The Ukrainian People's Republic was the first state to recognize the BNR in 1918. In October 1919, Estonia officially recognized the Belarusian People's Republic as a state. Finnish recognition followed in December 1919 .
literature
- Dimitri Romanowski: Belarus and Weimar Germany: economic, scientific-technical and cultural relations diserta-Verlag 2015, ISBN 9783959350402
Web links
Individual evidence
- ^ Dietrich Beyrau, Rainer Lindner: Handbook of the history of Belarus. Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht Göttingen 2001, ISBN 3-525-36255-2 . P. 137
- ↑ Dimitri Romanowski: Belarus and Weimar Germany: economic, scientific-technical and cultural relations diserta-Verlag 2015, ISBN 9783959350402 , pages 54–56
- ↑ 95th anniversary of BNR , charter97.org
- ↑ The Age of Disasters - Belarus in the 20th Century , owep.de
- ↑ http://www.belarusguide.com/cities/slucak.html
- ↑ Беларуская Народная Рэспубліка - крок да незалежнасці. Да 100-годдзю абвяшчэння. Гістарычны нарыс. - Мн., 2018 - p. 104.
- ↑ Päewauudised. Walge-Wene saatkond Tallinas.
- ↑ Päewauudised. Walge-Wene esitajaks Eesti Walitsuse junre.
- ↑ Helsinki, jouluk. 16 p. Suomi tuunustanut Walko-Wenäjan hallituksen. / Santeri Ivalo // Helsingin Sanomat. : газета. - Helsinki: December 16, 1919. - № 341. - p. 3.
- ↑ Suomi tunnustaa Walko-Wenäjän tosiasiallisesti. / Pekka Lempinen // Kansan Työ: газета. - Viipuri: Viipurin Työvänen Sanomalehti- ja Kirjapaino-Osuuskunnalle, December 16, 1919. - № 289. - p. 2