Belarusian Socialist Hramada
The Belarusian Socialist Hramada ( Belarusian Беларуская Сацыялістычная Грамада Belaruskaja Sazyjalistichnaja Hramada ; German: Belarusian Socialist League) was a social democratic party in Belarus , which existed from 1902 to 1918. The Hramada was the first political party in Belarus.
history
The Belarusian Socialist Hramada was founded in 1902 as the “Belarusian Revolutionary Party” by the brothers Anton and Iwan Lutskewitsch, Wazlau Iwanouski , Karus Kahanez , Alaisa Pashkewitsch , Aljaksandar Ulasau and Aljaksandar Burbis . The party program of the Belarusian Socialist Hramada contained the basic bourgeois-democratic demands such as the abolition of tsarism and the confiscation of property from sovereigns and provided for the autonomy of Belarus within the Russian Republic. She called for a Sejm in Vilnius and should guarantee self-determination to all ethnic groups.
In 1907 the party ceased its underground political activities and was mainly active in the field of education and cultural activities. One of the party's unofficial press organs was the Nascha Niwa newspaper .
The Belarusian Socialist Hramada was re-established after the February Revolution in 1917 . In the summer of 1917 it had about 5,000 members and sympathizers. Hramada organizations existed in Petrograd , Moscow , Kiev , Saratov , Kazan , Tambov , Kaluga , Odessa and Helsingfors (Helsinki). The Hramada supported the Provisional Government of Russia .
In September 1917 part of the left wing of the party under Aljaksandr Tscharwiakou resigned from the Petrograd organization of the Hramada and founded the Belarusian Social Democratic Workers' Party , which was drawing closer to the Bolsheviks. Another part of the left wing of the party under Smicjer Schylunowitsch (also known as the poet Zischka Hartny) also campaigned in October 1917 to support the Soviet power.
The majority of the revolutionary members of the Hramada joined the Bolshevik party. After the October Revolution , the right-wing members of the Hramada spoke out against the Bolsheviks. The party disintegrated in mid-1918.
In March 1918, members of the Hramada were among the members of the first government of the Belarusian People's Republic . B. Jan Sierada the first president. At that time, however, most of Belarus, including Minsk, was occupied by German troops as part of Operation Faustschlag . On January 1, 1919, a competing "Soviet Socialist Republic of Belarus" was proclaimed in Smolensk . In December 1919, Shilunovich joined the Soviet government of Belarus.
In Belarus, which was controlled by the Bolsheviks , the Hramada no longer had any influence and was not even represented in the Minsk Soviet.
Aftermath
All social democratic parties in Belarus today are based on the traditions of the Hramada. Four successor parties were founded between 1991 and 2007:
Web links
Individual evidence
- ^ Rainer Lindner: Handbook of the history of Belarus. Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht Göttingen 2001, ISBN 3-525-36255-2 . P. 130
- ↑ a b Vitali Silitski, Jan Zaprudnik: The A to Z of Belarus. Scarecrow Press, 2010, ISBN 978-0810872004 . P. 56f.