Rønne
| Rønne | |||||
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| Basic data | |||||
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| State : |
 Denmark
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| Region : | Hovedstaden | ||||
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Municipality (since 2003) : |
Bornholm's regional commune | ||||
| Municipality / Office : (until the end of 2002) |
Rønne Kommune Bornholms Amt |
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Harde : (until March 1970) |
Vester Herred | ||||
| Coordinates : | 55 ° 6 ′ N , 14 ° 42 ′ E | ||||
| Founded: | 1327 | ||||
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Population : (2020) |
13,772 | ||||
| Postal code : | 3700 | ||||
 Map from around 1900 |
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Rønne is the largest city on the Danish island of Bornholm and the seat of its administrative and municipal administration . Until December 31, 2002, it was also an independent municipality within the Bornholm Office. The city is located on the southwest corner of the Baltic Sea island and has 13,772 inhabitants (as of January 1, 2020).
history
Presumably there was a small settlement of fishermen at the natural harbor as early as the Viking Age . At the end of the 13th century the foundation stone of the Nikolaikirche was laid - a chapel in honor of the saint of sailors, St. Nicholas. Rønne was first mentioned in 1277. The merchant town was founded in 1327. Rønne played an important role in terms of power in the Baltic Sea , which is why the city often changed hands: the Danish king, bishops, German princes and the Hanseatic League claimed power.
Merchants from the Hanseatic city of Greifswald owned a trading post in the city around 1400. In 1525, Rønne and the island of Bornholm were given to the people of Lübeck as a pledge because the king could not pay his debts. The Germans got all of the island's income, but also brought new trading opportunities with them, so that this time was not unfavorable for Rønne, as one could profit from larger markets. In 1576 Bornholm came under the Danish crown again. With a general decline in trade in the Baltic Sea , development in Rønne also stagnated.
In the 17th century Hammershus Fortress fell into disrepair and Rønne became a new military and administrative center. In some of the houses in the city, stones from the cut Hammershus ruins have been built into them. In the Peace of Roskilde Bornholm fell to the Swedes for two years in 1658, but Bornholm insurgents led by Jens Kofoed , Pastor Povl Anker , Peder Olsen and Villum Clausen initially arrested the Swedish commander Johan Printzensköld . Clausen then shot Printzensköld a short time later in Storegade in Rønne, and the insurgents subsequently captured Swedish forces. Bornholm came back to Denmark "for ever" as part of a donation from the inhabitants of their island to the Danish Crown. In the 18th century a major plan to expand the city fortifications was worked out, but was later discarded.
From 1900 Bornholm was opened up from the capital Rønne by a railway , which was called De Bornholmske Jernbaner . The first, 36.6 kilometers long route led via Aakirkeby to the eastern port town of Nexø . The second, 31.2 kilometer long line went into operation in 1913 and led to the northern part of the island via Rø to Allinge and Sandvig . The third, 18.1 kilometer long route was created in 1916 by connecting the Rønne – Nexø line before Aakirkeby via Almindingen , Østermarie and Østerlars to the port town of Gudhjem in the northeast of the island. Because of the increasing competition from motor vehicle traffic, the last railway line (Rønne – Nexø) was closed in 1968.
The island towns of Rønne and Nexø were largely destroyed by Russian bombardment in the last days of the war , on May 7 and 8, 1945. The reason for this was that the German commander von Kamptz had orders to surrender only to the Western Allies and therefore did not want to negotiate with the Red Army . In Rønne alone, 212 houses were completely destroyed. Ten Bornholmers and an unknown number of German soldiers and Baltic refugees were killed in the bombardment. Bornholm remained under Soviet occupation until March 16, 1946.
Population development
Around a third of all Bornholmers live in Rønne. Development of the population (January 1st) :
- 1985: 15.343
- 1995: 15.220
- 1999: 15.148
- 2010: 13,924
- 2013: 13,730
Economy and Infrastructure
Rønne is Bornholm's commercial and industrial center. The tourism industry has also been an important employer for several decades. Rønne is also home to the island's main public facilities. Theater Rønne is a stop on the Nordic Route of the European Route of Historic Theaters .
traffic
Rønne is the island's most important port with ferry connections from the shipping company BornholmerFærgen to Køge (Denmark), Ystad ( Sweden ) and Sassnitz - Mukran on the German island of Rügen and - until 2011 - the shipping company Polferries to Swinoujscie ( Świnoujście , Poland ).
Bornholm Airport (until 1992 Rønne Airport ) is located five kilometers outside of Rønne and serves several flights a day to the Danish capital, Copenhagen . There are also connections with mainland Europe in the summer season.
De Bornholmske Jernbaner drove on three routes. On September 29, 1968, the railway was terminated.
Climate table
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Average monthly temperatures and rainfall for Rønne
Source: wetterkontor.de
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sons and daughters of the town
- Hermann Jensen Bohn (1672–1743), Russian lieutenant general and governor general of Livonia
- Peter Panum (1820–1885), physiologist and university professor
- Carl Goos (1835–1917), lawyer, university professor, minister of education and minister of justice
- Kristian Zahrtmann (1843–1917), painter
- Hans Zahrtmann (1849–1930), engineer
- Vitus Kofoed (* 1982), Greenlandic football player
- Lea Wermelin (* 1985), politician
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b Statistics Banks -> Befolkning og valg -> BY1: Folketal January 1st efter byområde, alder og køn (Danish)
- ^ Andreas Haller: Bornholm , p. 82; Erlangen 2013
Web links
