Miłomłyn
| Miłomłyn | |||
|---|---|---|---|
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| Basic data | |||
| State : | Poland | ||
| Voivodeship : | Warmia-Masuria | ||
| Powiat : | Ostróda | ||
| Area : | 12.40 km² | ||
| Geographic location : | 53 ° 45 ′ N , 19 ° 51 ′ E | ||
| Residents : | 2436 (June 30, 2019) |
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| Postal code : | 14-140 | ||
| Telephone code : | (+48) 89 | ||
| License plate : | NOS | ||
| Economy and Transport | |||
| Street : | E 77 Warsaw - Gdansk | ||
| Next international airport : | Danzig | ||
| Gmina | |||
| Gminatype: | Urban and rural municipality | ||
| Gmina structure: | 30 localities | ||
| 13 school authorities | |||
| Surface: | 160.91 km² | ||
| Residents: | 4952 (June 30, 2019) |
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| Population density : | 31 inhabitants / km² | ||
| Community number ( GUS ): | 2815073 | ||
| Administration (as of 2015) | |||
| Mayor : | Stanislaw Siwkowski | ||
| Address: | ul.Twarda 12 14-140 Miłomłyn |
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| Website : | www.milomlyn.pl | ||
Miłomłyn [ mʲi'wɔmwɨn ] ( German Liebemühl ) is a city in the Polish Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship .
location
The small town is located in the Oberland the historic region of East Prussia in eastern Eylauer Lake District, south of the Eylingsees, about 65 km south-east of Elbing ( Elblag ) and 50 km west of Olsztyn ( Olsztyn ).
The city is crossed by the European route 77 Gdansk - Warsaw . The previously existing connection to the Mohrungen-Osterode railway line ( Morąg - Ostróda ) has been closed and dismantled. With the Berting, Röthloff and Drewenzsee there are other larger lakes nearby, and the Oberland Canal branches north towards Elbing and west to Geserichsee ( Jeziorak ). The river Liebe, which gave the place its German name Liebemühl, also ends here. Extensive forest areas extend to the east, including the so-called Prinzwald, which began directly at the local border.
history
The knights of the Teutonic Order probably used the protected peninsula between the river Liebe and the Eylingsee to build a watermill at the end of the 13th century, which they secured with fortifications. To promote the settlement of the surrounding area called Sassen, an order castle was built near the mill and a settlement was established in the first quarter of the 14th century. Their rapid development prompted the Christburger Komtur Walter Kerskoff to give the place called “Lyebemole” at that time in 1334 according to Kulm law . The city was provided with a fortified fortification, in which the parish church was included in 1431. During the Thirteen Years' War (1454–1466) between the Prussian Confederation , which defends itself against financial oppression, and the Order , the castle occupation remained on the side of the Order, while the townspeople joined the Bund. During the last military conflict of the order against Poland, in the equestrian war from 1519 to 1525, Liebemühl was destroyed during a brief occupation by Polish troops.
After the secularization of the order state and its conversion into the Duchy of Prussia in 1525, the city was subordinated to the Oberland District and received the seat of a main office. In 1567 the Prussian Duke Albrecht left the castle and the income from the city to the Protestant bishops of Pomesania for twenty years . During this period, the bishops George Venediger and Wigand resided at the Liebemühler Schloss. Both bishops were buried in the Liebemühler church. In October 1628, Liebemühl was so badly destroyed by Swedish troops who marched through the country during the 1st Polish-Swedish War that the city lay desolate for a long time.
Only at the beginning of the 18th century did life return to normal. When the Oberländische Kreis was split up in the course of the Prussian district reform of 1752, Liebemühl came to the Mohrungen district, but kept the main office. In 1782 the city had 1,100 inhabitants, who lived mainly from agriculture and forestry. After another administrative reform, Liebemühl was assigned to the Osterode district in 1815. On November 1, 1835, the later Reichsstrasse 130 from Elbing to Osterode , which crosses the city, was completed. With the Oberland Canal , Liebemühl received a connection to another economically important transport route from 1860 onwards.
With the railway lines Elbing - Osterode (from 1893) and Wormditt - Osterode (from 1902) the traffic route network touching the city was completed. This prompted several industrial companies to settle, and so shipbuilding companies, brickworks and wood processing were located at the turn of the century. Within 100 years the population had doubled and amounted to 2234 in 1880. 97 percent of them were Protestant.
On July 11, 1920, the residents of Liebemühl were forced to decide whether to belong to East Prussia or Poland in the referendum ordered by the Versailles Treaty . In Liebemühl, 1,460 residents voted to remain with East Prussia, Poland did not receive any votes. The city moved to the border with the Polish Corridor and lost its western hinterland. With the influx of former residents of the West Prussian areas that were lost for the establishment of the Polish Corridor, the number of inhabitants increased again to 2439 by 1939. Of them 1036 worked in industry and trade, 446 were employed in agriculture, forestry and trade and traffic were active 427 residents.
Until 1945 Liebemühl belonged to the district Osterode in the administrative district of Olsztyn the province of East Prussia of the German Reich .
Towards the end of the Second World War , Liebemühl was captured and occupied by the Red Army in January 1945 . After the end of the war, Liebemühl and the southern half of East Prussia were placed under Polish administration. Then the influx of Polish civilians began. The city was given the Polish name Miłomłyn . As far as the German natives had not fled, they were expelled .
The city lost its city rights and was only able to regain them on January 1, 1998.
| year | Residents | Remarks |
|---|---|---|
| 1782 | approx. 1,100 | |
| 1831 | 1,222 | German |
| 1875 | 2,254 | |
| 1880 | 2.234 | |
| 1890 | 2,150 | including 35 Catholics and 24 Jews |
| 1933 | 2,300 | |
| 1939 | 2,439 |
sons and daughters of the town
- Brigitte Lebaan (1926–1988), German actress and Diseuse
- Fritz Mende (1843–1879), social democratic politician
Honorary citizen
- Georg Steenke (1801–1884), builder of the Oberland Canal
Town twinning
Town twinning has existed since August 2005 with Klötze in Altmark and since October 20, 2006 with Bezdonys in Lithuania .
Gmina Miłomłyn
The following smaller villages also belong to the Miłomłyn municipality:
| Polish name | German name | Polish name | German name | Polish name | German name |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Bagieńsko | Baginsken 1938–1945 Bürgersee |
Kukła | Old hut | Rogowo | Hornsberg |
| Boguszewo | Bogunschöwen 1938–1945 Ilgenhöh |
Ligi | Lie | Skarpa | Skerpen |
| Bynowo | Bienau | Liksajny | Nickelshagen | Skułty | Sculptures |
| Dębinka | Schönaich | Liwa | Bieberswalde | Tarda | Tharden |
| Faltyjanki | Folding tables | Lubień | Green place | Wielimowo | Wilmsdorf |
| Gil Mały | Klein Gehlfeld | Majdany Małe | Klein Altenhagen | Winiec | Winkenhagen |
| Gil Wielki | Great Gehlfeld | Majdany Wielkie | Gross Altenhagen | Wólka Majdańska | Charlottenhof |
| Glimy (until 1996 Gliny) |
"Shooting range" | Malinnik | Amalienruh | Zalewo | Sallewen |
| Kamieńczyk | Holstein | Miłomłyn | Liebemühl | Zatoka Leśna | Thorchen |
| Karnitki | Small carcasses | Ostrów Wielki | Great Werder | Ziemaki | Goldsberg |
| Karnity | Large cut | Piławki | Pillauken |
literature
- Johann Friedrich Goldbeck : Complete topography of the Kingdom of Prussia . Part I: Topography of East Prussia . Königsberg / Leipzig 1785, p. 24, no. 6).
- August Eduard Preuss : Prussian country and folklore . Königsberg 1835, p. 435, p. No. 40.
- Chronicle of the city of Liebemühl 1800–1922 . Rautenberg, Leer 1979.
- The Osterode district in pictures I + II . Rautenberg, Leer 1984-1887.
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b population. Size and Structure by Territorial Division. As of June 30, 2019. Główny Urząd Statystyczny (GUS) (PDF files; 0.99 MiB), accessed December 24, 2019 .
- ^ Website of the municipality, Burmistrz , accessed on April 14, 2015
- ↑ Herbert Marzian , Csaba Kenez : "Self-determination for East Germany - A Documentation on the 50th Anniversary of the East and West Prussian Referendum on July 11, 1920"; Editor: Göttinger Arbeitskreis , 1970, p. 103
- ^ Johann Friedrich Goldbeck : Complete topography of the Kingdom of Prussia . Part I: Topography of East Prussia . Königsberg / Leipzig 1785, p. 24, no. 6).
- ^ August Eduard Preuss: Prussian country and folklore . Königsberg 1835, p. 435, p. No. 40.
- ↑ a b c d e Michael Rademacher: German administrative history from the unification of the empire in 1871 to the reunification in 1990. osterode.html # ew33ostrliebe. (Online material for the dissertation, Osnabrück 2006).