Andrychów
| Andrychów | |||
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| Basic data | |||
| State : | Poland | ||
| Voivodeship : | Lesser Poland | ||
| Powiat : | Wadowicki | ||
| Gmina : | Andrychów | ||
| Area : | 10.28 km² | ||
| Geographic location : | 49 ° 52 ′ N , 19 ° 20 ′ E | ||
| Residents : | 20,731 (Dec. 31, 2016) | ||
| Postal code : | 34-120 | ||
| Telephone code : | (+48) 33 | ||
| License plate : | KWA | ||
| Economy and Transport | |||
| Street : | Krakow - Bielsko-Biala | ||
| Rail route : | Bielitz-Biala - Kalwaria Zebrzydowska | ||
| Next international airport : | Krakow | ||
| Administration (as of 2015) | |||
| Mayor : | Tomasz Żak | ||
Andrychów is a city in southern Poland in the Lesser Poland Voivodeship . It is the seat of the town-and-country municipality of the same name with a little over 43,800 inhabitants. The largest employer has been the commercial vehicle manufacturer Zasław for more than fifty years .
history
The first settlement in the area of today's Andrychów was probably established in the 13th century. The first documentary mention comes from 1345, when the "ecclesia [Church] Henrichov", which was built here, was obliged to pay St. Peter's penny to the Pope. The place was later mentioned as Heinricho, Heynrichow, Henricouicz, Gindrzichow, Jandrzychow, Gendrzychow, Andrzichow and Andrzychowicze. The name is possessive (-ów) and is derived from the supposed first owner Heinrich , as the first mentions suggest, although the current name changed to the Polish name Andrzej .
The first known owner was Cedro in 1395, then his son and later Jeszko and Henryk Pałkowie, from 1440 Mikołaj Szaszowski, who also owned the neighboring Wieprz . In the 15th century the village belonged to the Schilling family from Krakow (formerly from Weißenburg in Alsace ), among whom the residents converted to Calvinism . At that time, agriculture and animal husbandry were the main source of income for the inhabitants. The place and the fortress were almost completely destroyed by the invasion of the Swedes in 1655. In 1717 weavers from Flanders, Saxony and Silesia increasingly settled here. This was promoted by Franz Schwarzenberg-Czerny, who owned the goods around and in Andrychów. The upswing of the city led to today's coat of arms, in which an "S" for "Schwarzenberg" is immortalized.
In 1767, Andrychów was granted town charter by King Stanisław. During the first partition of Poland , Andrychów came to Austria in 1772 , where it remained as part of Galicia until 1918 . From 1782 Andrychów belonged to the Myslenice district (1819 with the seat in Wadowice ). From 1780 to 1781 the first stretch of a new road from Vienna to Lemberg (later the first Kaiser-Chaussee or Reichsstraße, also Wiener Postroute or Wiener Haupt Comercial Strasse, today part of Droga krajowa 52) through Andrychów to Bochnia was opened. A paved shortcut to Vienna from Andrychów over the Kocierska Pass (718 m) in the Little Beskids followed by 1788. The population increased from 598 in 1780 to 2496 in 1799 and 2663 in 1807, but decreased to 1135 in 1816. In 1824, Jews made up 7.4% of the city's residents. After the abolition of patrimonial the judicial district Andrychów , later part of the Wadowice district . In 1886 the village and town were united as the only municipality. A railway line was opened in 1888. In 1908 the largest textile factory was opened in Andrychów by the Jewish brothers Czeczowiczka , which had over 3,000 employees in the years 1923–1924.
Between the two world wars, the place increasingly built on tourism. The then modern swimming pool was built in 1935.
Under Nazi rule from 1939 to 1945 it was renamed Andrichau and incorporated into the German district of Bielitz .
tourism
Andrychów lives largely from tourism . A nature reserve ( Rezerwat przyrody Madohora ) and the Little Beskids create a charming environment. It is popular with mountain bikers , who not only have wild paths but also a special five-kilometer piste. Otherwise, another 400 km of bike paths in the area provide enough space.
sons and daughters of the town
- Arthur Felix (1887-1956), bacteriologist
- Stanisław Ryłko (* 1945), Curia Cardinal and President of the Pontifical Lay Council
- Andrzej Górak (* 1951), process engineer and professor at the Technical University of Dortmund .
Andrychów Commune
The urban and rural parish consists of the city and seven villages.
Sister cities and municipalities
- Isny im Allgäu , Baden-Württemberg , since 1998
- Břeclav in South Moravia , Czech Republic, since 2005
- Landgraaf in the Limburg province of the Netherlands, since 2008
- Priverno in Lazio , Italy, since 2008
Web links
- Andrychów . In: Filip Sulimierski, Władysław Walewski (eds.): Słownik geograficzny Królestwa Polskiego i innych krajów słowiańskich . tape 1 : Aa-Dereneczna . Sulimierskiego and Walewskiego, Warsaw 1880, p. 36 (Polish, edu.pl ).
- City website (Polish, German and English)
Individual evidence
- ↑ The city's website, Urząd Miejski w Andrychowie , accessed on February 7, 2015
- ^ Tomasz Jurek (editor): Słownik Historyczno-Geograficzny Ziem Polskich w Średniowieczu. Edycja elektroniczna. Retrieved February 4, 2018 .
- ↑ a b Radosław TRUS: Beskid Mały. Przewodnik . Oficyna Wydawnicza "Rewasz", Pruszków 2008, ISBN 978-83-8918877-9 , p. 249 (Polish).