Choroszcz
| Choroszcz | |||
|---|---|---|---|
|
|
||
| Basic data | |||
| State : | Poland | ||
| Voivodeship : | Podlaskie | ||
| Powiat : | Białostocki | ||
| Gmina : | Choroszcz | ||
| Area : | 16.79 km² | ||
| Geographic location : | 53 ° 8 ′ N , 22 ° 59 ′ E | ||
| Residents : | 5815 (December 31, 2016) | ||
| Postal code : | 16-070 | ||
| Telephone code : | (+48) 85 | ||
| License plate : | BIA | ||
| Economy and Transport | |||
| Street : | E 67 Białystok - Warsaw | ||
| Next international airport : | Warsaw | ||
Choroszcz is a city in the powiat Białostocki of the Podlaskie Voivodeship in Poland . It is the seat of the town-and-country municipality of the same name .
Geographical location
Choroszcz is about ten kilometers west of the city center of Białystok . The Belarusian border runs about 60 kilometers east of the city. The Horodnianka River , a tributary of the Narew, runs on the western edge of the city .
history
1437 was Piotr z GUMOWA of Michał Bolesław Zygmuntowicz the area around present-day Choroszcz. In the middle to the end of the 15th century, a settlement emerged from which today's city developed. In 1459 Piotr z Gumowa donated two Włóka lands and two taverns to the local church . At the end of the 15th century, Ivan Chodkiewicz became the owner of the place. In 1506 his son Aleksander gave the village to the Supraśl Monastery . A year later Choroszcz received from Sigismund I the city charter . In 1533 Choroszcz returned to the property of the Chodkiewicz family. The city's heyday was in the 16th century. It grew to around 1,200 residents with 200 houses. The first Jewish residents were mentioned in the middle of the 16th century. In 1654 the Dominicans settled here thanks to the efforts of the then owner Stefan Mikołaj Pac .
The 17th century was a time of decline for the city, triggered by wars, epidemics and fires. In 1683 600 houses, the Orthodox church and the monastery burned down. Another fire in 1707 completely destroyed the city. In 1709 Jan Klemens Branicki became the owner of the place and had his summer residence built here from 1725 to 1730 and a stone church between 1754 and 1758. Through the third partition of Poland , Choroszcz came to Prussia , after the Peace of Tilsit in 1807 to Russia .
In support of the November uprising in 1830, the Dominican Order was dissolved in 1839 and a Russian school was set up on the premises of the monastery. During the fighting in the First World War , the palace was burned down in 1915. After the end of the war, Choroszcz came to the re-established Poland.
In 1930 the psychiatric hospital was opened by Dr. Zygmunt Brodowicz set up.
The beginning of the Second World War meant the occupation of the city by the Soviet Union in accordance with the Hitler-Stalin Pact . When Germany invaded the Soviet Union in 1941, the city was occupied by the Wehrmacht . During the occupation there were numerous shootings by the National Socialists, the number of victims in the mass graves from that time is estimated at around 4,000. In 1944, the Red Army invaded the city again.
After the end of the Second World War, Choroszcz became part of Poland again. Until 1998, the place was part of the Białystok Voivodeship , with its dissolution the city was part of the newly formed Podlaskie Voivodeship from 1999.
Population development
In the 16th century there were 1200 inhabitants in Choroszcz. In 1886 there were 1,512 inhabitants, of which 765 were Jews, 300 Catholics and 200 Protestants. When the First World War broke out in 1914, around 5,000 people lived in the city, after which the population had halved to 2,405 in 1921. On December 31, 2005 there were 5424 inhabitants in the city.
Attractions
- Dominican Church and Monastery - The original church was built in the 17th century but burned down in 1683 and was then rebuilt elsewhere. In 1707 it burned down again, the successor building stood until 1756. After that, Branicki had it moved to its current location.
- Palace of Jan Klemens Branicki - The palace was originally built between 1725 and 1730. After it fell into disrepair, it was rebuilt almost identically in 1757. It was burned down in 1915 and rebuilt in the 1960s.
- The Orthodox Church - The first Orthodox Church was built in 1507. With the help of donations, the wooden church was replaced by a stone one in the 1860s.
- The factory - Christian August Moes acquired the grounds of the Branickis summer residence as well as the Vorwerk in 1840 and had a textile factory built on it. The site developed into its own small industrial town ; this had, among other things, its own school and shops. After the end of the First World War, the Moes family lost ownership of the factory. The retreating troops had previously dismantled large parts of the machines and blown up the main building in 1915. In 1930 the psychiatric clinic of Dr. Zygmunt Brodowicz opened.
- The chapel next to the parish cemetery from the 18th century.
- Jewish Cemetery
local community
The urban-and-rural municipality Choroszcz has an area of 163.5 km², on which about 14,800 inhabitants live.
traffic
The city is located on the European route 67 , via which, among other things, Białystok and Warsaw can be reached.
Choroszcz does not have its own rail connection; the nearest train station is in nearby Białystok. Białystok can be reached via regular bus connections.
The nearest international airport is Warsaw Frédéric Chopin Airport , which is about 170 kilometers southwest.
Web links
- Website of the municipality (multilingual)