Dreikaisereck
Coordinates: 50 ° 13 ′ 45.7 ″ N , 19 ° 9 ′ 27.8 ″ E
The Three Emperors' Corner (Polish Trójkąt Trzech Cesarzy , Russian Угол трёх императоров), was also called three-Empire corner the border triangle between the empires Russia , Austria-Hungary and Germany on today Polish territory.
history
The confluence of the Black and White Przemsa near Myslowitz became a triangle after the Krakow uprising of 1846 , when the Republic of Krakow was annexed by the Austrian Emperor as the Grand Duchy of Krakow . But it was initially a two- emperor corner , because the third sovereign, the King of Prussia , did not become emperor until 1871. Treaties of the three powers were referred to analogously as the three-emperor agreement and the three-emperor union .
In 1848 the Kraków-Upper Silesian Railway opened immediately to the south.
The border triangle became a tourist attraction from the end of the 19th century and thus a picture postcard . On the German side, several excursion restaurants were built on hiking trails in a park-like area and in 1907 a 22-meter-high Bismarck tower in the shape of the first prize from Wilhelm Kreis Götterdämmerung as a lookout tower in 1899 . After the outbreak of the World War, the Russians had to withdraw from their Weichselland before all three emperors lost their throne from 1917 to 1918. The German-Polish border now ran at the former border triangle, but when Eastern Upper Silesia became Polish by a decision of the League of Nations on October 10, 1921, the area became Polish. The Bismarck Tower was demolished from August 21, 1937 on the initiative of voivod Michał Grażyński until 1938, the stones were used in Katowice.
The triangle where the cities of Mysłowice (Myslowitz), Jaworzno and Sosnowiec (Sosnowitz, the districts of Modrzejów , Niwka / Niwki and Jęzor ) border each other was forgotten until the 1990s. A memorial plaque installed in 2007 commemorated a place where the "borders of three (Polish) areas of division met". This inscription was historically incorrect, as the borders of Germany and two areas of Poland met here. Silesia was not affected by the partitions of Poland at the end of the 18th century, but had been outside Poland since the first half of the 14th century . In 2012 the original plaque was replaced by a new plaque with the following inscription: "At the place where the borders of three countries once met, we are celebrating Poland's accession to the European Union and are proud to create a Europe without borders."
German Empire, 1892
Greetings from the Drei Kaiser corner b. Myslovitz OS , postcard 1902
Postcard, around 1910
Photo from 2007: Germany bottom left, Austria-Hungary top right, Russia top left
Memorial stone from 2007 with a new plaque from 2012 in 2019, the former Krakow-Upper Silesian Railway in the background
literature
- Jürgen Joachimsthaler : "Three Eagles". Myslowitz. A prelude . In: Edward Białek, Jan Krucina, Eugeniusz Tomiczek (eds.): Ad mundum poëtarum et doctorum cum Deo. Festschrift for Bonifacy Miązek on his 70th birthday (= supplements to Orbis Linguarum 39). ATUT, Wrocław 2005, pp. 365-385.
- Richard Knötel : From the corner of the three empires. Historical-cultural episodes . Phönix-Verlag, Berlin, Breslau, Kattowitz 1911.
Web links
- Bismarck Tower at Dreikaisereck ( Memento from August 19, 2010 in the Internet Archive )
- Panorama 360
Individual evidence
- ↑ Jürgen Joachimsthaler: "Three Eagles". Myslowitz. A prelude . In: Edward Białek, Jan Krucina, Eugeniusz Tomiczek (eds.): Ad mundum poëtarum et doctorum cum Deo. Festschrift for Bonifacy Miązek on his 70th birthday (= supplements to Orbis Linguarum 39). ATUT, Wrocław 2005, pp. 365–385, here pp. 368 and 380.
- ↑ notification of gazeta myslowicka of 10 May 2013. new plaque