Ford Ka

Ford Ka
Production period:	since 1996
Class :	Microcar
Body versions :	Station wagon

The Ford Ka is a passenger car model from the automobile manufacturer Ford . The car was launched on September 11, 1996 and was one of the first representatives of the small car class. The production period of the striking first model generation was unusually long at twelve years.

At the Mondial de l'Automobile in Paris in early October 2008, Ford presented the second generation of models, which was developed together with the Italian car manufacturer Fiat . The market launch in Germany was on February 14th, 2009. Production ended in April 2016 after more than seven years.

At the beginning of June 2016, Ford presented the European version of the third generation, which has been sold under the name Ford Ka + since October 2016 .

Ka (type RBT, 1996-2008)

1st generation
Production period:	09 / 1996-08 / 2008
Body versions :	Station wagon
Engines:	Petrol engines : 1.3-1.6 liters (36-70 kW)
Length:	3620-3649 mm
Width:	1631-1656 mm
Height:	1385-1431 mm
Wheelbase :	2448 mm
Empty weight :	946-1019 kg

Other measured values
CO 2 emissions:	140-182 g / km
Combined fuel consumption (EC standard):	5.9-7.6 l / 100 km
Stars in the Euro NCAP - Crash Test

General

Conceived as an inexpensive second car for the city, the Ka defended the market share that Ford had gained in the European small car sector in the 1980s with the Escort and Fiesta models . Although it was significantly smaller than a Fiesta, the three-door was a full-fledged four-seater. Outside of Europe, the first generation of models was available from 1997 to 2007 in Central and South America , Turkey and from 1999 to 2006 in Japan . From 1999 to 2002 it was also offered in Australia .

Ford produced the European models in Almussafes near Valencia (Spain). In 2002, the one millionth vehicle rolled off the assembly line there, and around 1.5 million units were sold in total. The vehicles for the South and Central American market came from the São Bernardo plant (Brazil).

Origin of name

The origin of the name lies in a component of the ancient Egyptian idea of ​​the soul , where Ka was the part of a soul that gives life force . Even today, Ka is used to denote the human soul in Egyptian . At the time of its market launch, Ford took this as an opportunity to advertise the eye-catching car with the slogan “Car with a soul”.

The widespread assumption that the name comes from an alternative, non- rhotic spelling of the English word for automobile, car , is incorrect.

design

With the Ka, the then Ford design chief Claude Lobo introduced the initially controversial New Edge design , a combination of curved surfaces and angular details. Presented in 1994 at the Geneva Motor Show , the car won numerous awards around the world. In 1995, Ford presented the prototype of the GT90 super sports car with its New Edge design at the North American International Auto Show in Detroit . After the market launch of the Ka, other vehicles in this design line appeared with the new generation of the Mondeo , the Puma , the Cougar and the Focus .

At the 1998 Essen Motor Show , Ford presented an aerodynamically optimized redesign of the Ka by Luigi Colani , which met with great demand and was produced in a small series of 200 by the Cologne-based Ford main dealer R&S Mobile .

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  Rear view

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  Ford Ka Colani

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  Ford Sportka (2003-2008)

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  logo

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  Schematic drawing

technology

General

The Ka was technically based on the Fiesta '96 and shared the floor pan with it . As a result, there was a lot in common between the vehicles, they were both front-wheel drive , had the same engines and the same front independent wheel suspensions with MacPherson struts and twist beam rear axles. The braking system, massive disc brakes at the front and drum brakes at the rear , were also the same .

Initially, the Ka was powered exclusively by a 1.3-liter Endura e-motor, optionally with 37 kW or 44 kW. This four-cylinder, side-cam, overhead valve engine , also produced in Valencia, was based on the same engine that powered the first Ford Fiesta. Since the camshaft below was driven by a timing chain , the maintenance costs were lower than for a camshaft drive with a toothed belt , which has to be replaced at regular intervals. The two engine variants were the same except for the throttle valve , but the 37 kW version was not equipped with the standard power steering of the 44 kW variant . It was reduced slightly to 36 kW in October 1998 and taken out of the program in August 1999.

At the end of 2002 this engine was replaced by a four-cylinder Duratec engine, which was produced at the Ford plant in Port Elizabeth in South Africa . As with the Endura-E , the cylinder block was made of gray cast iron and the camshaft was driven with a timing chain, but was arranged overhead . In addition, the Duratec had a modern aluminum cylinder head and roller rocker arm with hydraulic valve clearance compensation , which meant that regular valve clearance adjustments were no longer necessary.

It also achieved the Euro 4 emissions standard . This engine was also available with a 1.3 liter displacement , optionally with 44 kW and 51 kW and a 70 kW 1.6 liter version, which was reserved for the SportKa . In contrast to the Endura-E , a different engine control unit was responsible for the difference in performance between the two 1.3-liter variants.

In all engines, the power was transmitted via a hydraulically operated clutch and a five-speed manual gearbox . Vehicles with air conditioning had a shorter gear ratio in order to achieve a similarly rapid acceleration with the air conditioning switched on. This increased the fuel consumption, it was up to 0.3 liters higher per 100 kilometers than in vehicles without air conditioning.

In South America, the Ka was already available with a 1.0-liter Endura e-motor when it was launched, since vehicles with a maximum displacement of one liter are tax-privileged here. This engine delivered 39 kW and was replaced in 2000 by a 1.0-liter Duratec turbo engine with 48 kW. From 2001, the Ka was available as the so-called Ka XR , similar to the SportKa here, with the 1.6-liter engine. The engine was not sold as Duratec in South America, but under the name Zetec-RoCam .

The Ka was one of the first mass-produced vehicles to be fitted with clear-glass headlights as standard .

Engines

Petrol engines

designation	Engine type	Displacement	cylinder	Bore × stroke	power	Max. Torque	Fuel consumption	construction time	Others
1.0	Endura-E	999 cm³	R4 (8V)	68.70 x 67.80 mm	39 kW (53 PS)	76 Nm at 3000 min -1	6.5 liters / 100 km	1997-1999	only in south america
1.3		1299 cc		73.96 x 75.48 mm	37 kW (50 PS)	97 Nm at 2000 min -1	5.9 liters / 100 km	09 / 1996-10 / 1998	without power steering
					36 kW (49 hp)	95 Nm at 2000 min -1		10 / 1998-08 / 1999
1.3					44 kW (60 hp)	105 Nm at 2500 min -1	6.3 liters / 100 km	09 / 1996-07 / 2002
1.0	Duratec (RoCam)	999 cm³		68.70 x 67.80 mm	48 kW (65 hp)	87 Nm at 3250 min -1	7.1 liters / 100 km	2000-2007	Turbo engine, only in South America
1.3		1299 cc		73.96 x 75.48 mm	44 kW (60 hp)	99 Nm at 2500 min -1	5.9 liters / 100 km	08 / 2002-08 / 2008
1.3					51 kW (69 hp)	106 Nm at 3000 min -1
1.6		1599 cc		82.7 x 75.48 mm	70 kW (95 PS)	135 Nm at 4250 min -1	7.6 liters / 100 km	07/2003-08/2008	Sportka

Facelift

Due to the long construction time, the Ka received several minor facelifts . However, these did not significantly affect the external appearance of the model, but were mainly limited to technical changes.

November 1998: The Ka was built with a different rear axle with modified shock absorber mounts (eye instead of fork). In addition, the position of the spray nozzles changed, they were moved from the cowl to the bonnet .

February 1999: The vehicles got a third brake light as standard . In addition, the shape of the antenna base and the tailgate handle differed, this became smaller. Cup holders were built into the storage compartments in the door panels, the switch for the hazard warning lights was relocated and instead of the radio it was now on the steering wheel . On request, the bumpers were now available painted in the vehicle color.

March 2000: The Ka was offered with more comfortable seats, which in Germany were equipped with side airbags as standard . The driver's seat received a manual height adjustment, there were now headrests on the rear bench. Furthermore, the rear suspension springs were changed, they have been significantly narrower than before. The Ka now had internally ventilated brake discs on the front axle, and the arrangement of the fluid reservoirs in the engine compartment was changed.

October 2002: The engine of the Ka was changed to Duratec engines, and there was also a new instrument cluster that no longer worked via a speedometer cable , but electronically. Sometimes there was a tachometer as standard. The front passenger airbag could now be deactivated on request. The Ka got different hub caps, and the front brake lines were changed.

January 2005: The most noticeable revision was a different dashboard with a "classic" glove compartment . There were new electronic functions, for example a freely programmable wiper interval. Shift knob and shift bag consisted of one unit and were inserted instead of screwed.

Ford Ka (South America, 2003-2008)

Other upgrades: In contrast to these externally hardly recognizable changes, the Ka was significantly revised in South America in 2003, the most noticeable features here are the license plate attached to the tailgate and not the bumper, the bumper and the rear lights.

safety

Since its market launch in Germany, the Ka had a driver airbag as standard, until October 1997 a passenger airbag was subject to a surcharge. The four-channel anti-lock braking system was also available from January 1997 for a surcharge of DM 560, and was also installed as standard in some special models. The Ka with internally ventilated brake discs on the front axle has existed since 2000. In addition, there was more safety in Germany through standard side airbags, which were only available at an additional cost in Austria and other European countries. Anti-lock braking systems have been standard across Europe since 2005. Electronic stability program was not available from the Ka.

In the Euro NCAP crash test carried out by the ADAC in October 2000, the Ka only achieved three out of five stars. However, the European version was tested here without the passenger and side airbags.

Weak points

General

Corrosion damage in front of the A-pillar

This article or the following section is not adequately provided with supporting documents ( e.g. individual evidence ). Information without sufficient evidence could be removed soon. Please help Wikipedia by researching the information and including good evidence.

There were a number of problems that kept coming up with the Ka. This mainly included rust in the area of ​​the tank lid , on the door sill trims (under the door seal), the tailgate , on the A-pillars, the sills and under the front and rear bumpers. This often affected vehicles built from 2000 onwards. In addition, as with Fiesta and Escort, there were more frequent problems with the door locks. Cable breaks in the door hose often caused defects in the central locking system , the electric windows or the speakers . Occasionally there were defective fan resistors, in this case the fan only worked at the highest level. Similar to the Fiesta, the steering column switch on the Ka was prone to defects. In most cases, however, only a single function of the switch was affected, for example the hazard warning lights or the rear window wiper. The TÜV also reports problems with the axle suspension, the dampers and the steering system as well as porous brake hoses and oil losses.

In vehicles with an Endura E engine, there were often problems with the throttle valve potentiometer and the idle speed control valve, which manifests itself in uncontrolled revving or the engine stalling when the clutch is disengaged. Furthermore, in vehicles from the years 1996 and 1997 there were broken-in camshafts due to material defects, later years of construction were not affected. Vehicles with Duratec engines occasionally had engine management malfunctions , the main cause being defective lambda sensors . In rare cases, this resulted in a defective catalytic converter as a long-term consequence . In addition, there were more frequent defects in the ignition coil and alternator .

In vehicles with air conditioning, a clogged drain hose occasionally resulted in the accumulation of condensation in the passenger footwell.

Placements in the ADAC breakdown statistics

year	class	placement	Attendees	Others
2001	Small class	6th	17th
2002	Small class	6th	14th
2003	Small class	6th	21st
2004	Small class	12	23
2005	Small class	12	24	together with Ford Streetka
2006	Small class	22nd	25th	together with Ford Streetka
2007	Small class	23	27
2008	Small class / microcar	32	32
2009	Microcar	6th	8th	together with the second generation of models
2010	Microcar	10	13	together with the second generation of models
2011	Microcar	11	12	again without the second model generation

Special models

In addition to the standard equipment variant, the Ka was available in a whole range of special editions in Germany.

In collaboration with the artist HA Schult in a small series of 50 pieces was ball-Ka , a black Ka, on the sides with airbrush was immortalized Schults globe, a piece of art in the form of a teililluminierten globe , the first on a bridge pier Cologne Severinsbrücke stand and later found space on the roof of an insurance building on Cologne's banks of the Rhine. The gear knob of the Kugel-Ka was a miniature of the Schult's globe cast in synthetic resin. Cologne bridge green was used for the airbrush .

There were a number of other special models abroad. In the Netherlands from 1997 to 2008, a total of twelve special models of the Ka with an edition of 200 to 1000 pieces were brought onto the market under the name Kunst met een grote Ka . Each of these models was exhibited together with works by a well-known artist and named after him. When purchasing one of these models, buyers received a reproduction of a work of art by the artist, for example in the form of a sculpture or an art print .

In Belgium in 1997 there was a special edition called Zebra comprising only 24 vehicles , here a white Ka was painted in a zebra look with black stripes.

List of special models in Germany

model	Construction year	particularities
Blueline	1998	Audio system 6000, light alloy wheels, blue clock frame, blue speedometer dials, blue gear knob
capri	2002	Electric folding roof, light alloy wheels
Colani	1999	Special front and rear apron, large roof spoiler, exterior mirror covers, lowering, Schmidt-TH-Line light alloy wheels 8.5Jx14H2 ET12 with 225 / 40R14 tires at the front and 9.5Jx14H2 ET12 with 255 / 35R14 tires at the rear
Collection	1998	Painted bumpers, leather steering wheel, central locking, power windows, power tailgate unlocking, door sills, colored gear knob
Color	1999-2000	Painted bumpers, colored clock surround, colored gear knob
Color Line	2003-2004	51 kW motor, tachometer, anti-lock braking system, painted bumpers, chrome-colored grille, painted electr. Exterior mirrors, two-tone leather seats (blue / light blue, blue / mint, brown / orange or burgundy / orange), leather gear knob, leather steering wheel, air conditioning, light alloy wheels, chrome-plated exhaust cover, B-pillar decor, audio system 6000, central locking with remote control, electric windows, electr . Tailgate release, trunk lining, special paint
D2 CallYa	1999	Leather seats (black), mobile phone, hands-free kit, B-pillar decor, special paint (British Gas Light Blue)
finesse	2001-2003	Central locking, electric windows, light alloy wheels
First edition	1996-1997	Air conditioning, leather steering wheel, audio system 6000, chrome-plated door sills, B-pillar decor, central locking, power windows, light-alloy wheels
Fun	2006	Air conditioning, tachometer, audio system 2050, chrome door sills
Fun X	2006-2007	Air conditioning, tachometer, audio system 2050, chrome door sills
Futura I	2000	painted bumpers, air conditioning, velor floor mats with KA logo, colored gear knob, colored clock frame and special seat cushions, B-pillar decor, chrome-plated door sills, light-alloy wheels
Futura II	2001-2004	painted bumpers, painted exterior mirrors, air conditioning, central locking, electric windows, velor floor mats with KA logo, colored gear knob, colored clock frame and special seat upholstery, B-pillar decor, chrome-plated door sills, light-alloy wheels - from 2003: 51 kW engine, Tachometer, anti-lock braking system, electric tailgate release
K2	1998	Air conditioning, audio system 6000, light alloy wheels with yellow hubcaps, spoiler lip at the rear ("roof spoiler"), chrome-plated exhaust cover, B-pillar decor and door sills with K2 logo, yellow speedometer discs, yellow clock frame, yellow gear knob and yellow handbrake handle, voucher for K2- Inline skates and protective clothing, special paint India yellow
K2 Snow	1998-1999	Air conditioning, audio system 6000, light alloy wheels with blue hubcaps, spoiler lip at the rear, chrome-plated exhaust trim, B-pillar decor and door sills with K2 logo, blue gear knob and blue handbrake handle, K2 snowboard, special paint (Amalfi Blue Metallic)
Caribbean	2001-2002	electric folding roof
Cool	1997-2000	Air conditioning, alloy wheels
Lufthansa	1997-1998	10,000 miles in the Lufthansa Miles & More program, anti-lock braking system, passenger airbag, air conditioning, audio system 6000, central locking, electr. Window lifters, leather seats in Lufthansa Business Class design (gray with yellow piping), rear headrests, leather door panels (gray), leather steering wheel, leather gear knob, B-pillar decor in Lufthansa edition design, light alloy wheels
Pro7	1997	Air conditioning, central locking, electr. Window lifters, anti-lock braking system, audio system 6000, leather seats (black), leather steering wheel, leather gear knob, B-pillar decor, floor mats in ProSieben design, door sill decor, alloy wheels, key ring in sterling silver
Royal	2000-2002	painted bumpers, painted electric exterior mirrors, anti-lock braking system, leather seats (beige), leather steering wheel, air conditioning, chrome-plated door sills, light alloy wheels, colored clock surround, floor mats in Ka-Royal design, silver instrument panel, exhaust cover, chrome radiator grille, audio system 5000, central locking with remote control, electric windows, electric tailgate unlocking, trunk lighting
Royal	2002-2008	Tachometer, painted bumpers, painted electr. Exterior mirrors, anti-lock braking system, leather seats (beige or black), leather steering wheel, air conditioning, chrome-plated door sills, light alloy wheels, colored clock surrounds, floor mats in Ka-Royal design, silver instrument panel, chrome-plated exhaust cover, chrome-colored radiator grille, audio system 6000, central locking with remote control, electric windows, electric tailgate release, metallic paintwork
SportKa	2003-2008	70 kW engine, rev counter, special front and rear aprons, painted exterior mirrors, air conditioning, leather steering wheel, aluminum gear knob, sport seats, light alloy wheels with 195 / 45R16 tires, roof spoiler, alarm system, central locking with remote control, electric windows, electric trunk lid unlocking, fog lights , larger braking system
college student	2005-2008	Anti-lock braking system
Style	2007-2008	Air conditioning, tachometer, audio system 2050, chrome door sills
Tropics	1998-1999	Electric sliding / lifting roof, leather steering wheel, velor floor mats with Ka logo, paintwork in copper-red or electric-green metallic
Viva	2003-2004	air conditioning
Viva X	2004-2006	Either folding roof and painted bumpers or air conditioning, rev counter, chrome-plated door sills

Additional equipment such as the audio system 6000, central locking or power windows were also available for these special models at an additional cost.

List of special models in the Netherlands

Edition	year	Artist	number	particularities	Artwork
1.	1997	Milou Hermus	750
2.	1998	Frans Molenaar	500
3.	1999	Marthe Rölig	1,000	Air conditioning, leather steering wheel, central locking, electric windows, light alloy wheels
4th	2000	To Markus	1,000		screen printing
5.	2000	Eugene Brands	1,000	Air conditioning, audio system 6000, leather steering wheel, central locking, electric windows, light alloy wheels
6th	2001	Kees Verkade	1,000	Air conditioning, audio system 6000, leather steering wheel, central locking, electric windows, light alloy wheels	Lithography of the painting "Extase"
7th	2002	Corneille	1,000	Air conditioning, audio system 6000, leather steering wheel, central locking with remote control, electric windows, light alloy wheels
8th.	2003	Jan Cremer	1,000	51 kW motor, air conditioning, leather steering wheel, central locking with remote control, electric windows, light alloy wheels
9.	2004	Clemens Briels	1,000	Air conditioning, audio system 6000, leather steering wheel, central locking with remote control, electric windows, light alloy wheels	sculpture
10.	2005	Karel Appel	1,000	51 kW motor, ABS, air conditioning, leather steering wheel, central locking with remote control, electric windows, light alloy wheels	Art print of the painting "Boomerang of Thoughts"
11.	2006	Ton Schulten	500	51 kW motor, ABS, air conditioning, leather steering wheel, central locking with remote control, electric windows, light alloy wheels	Screen print of the painting "City in Moving"
12.	2008	Patty Harpenau	200	Leather seats (beige), air conditioning, audio system 6000, windscreen heating, central locking with remote control, electric windows, light alloy wheels	Art print of the painting "Kaatje"

Logos of the special models

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  Ka 1st edition

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  Ka D2 CallYa

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  Ka K2 Snow

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  Ka Kool

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  Ka Lufthansa

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  Ka sound

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  Ka per seven

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  Ka Pro Sieben , serial number

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  Ka Colani

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  Ka Colani , plaque with serial number

Vehicle studies and prototypes

In addition to the actual special models, there were also studies and prototypes based on the Ka.

Ford Saetta

Ford Ka pickup

Ford Motion Ka

Saetta : In the spring of 1995, before the Ford Ka was launched, Ghia developed this prototype, a two-seater roadster that was based on the Ka in terms of design and later became the basis for the development of the Ford Streetka.

Step 1 : In 1997 the prototype of a three-liter car based on the Ka was presented at the London Motor Show , which was powered by a 1.3-liter diesel engine with direct injection and consumed 3.1 liters per 100 kilometers. In addition to significantly improved aerodynamics, this was achieved through tires with low rolling resistance and a weight reduction of 25 percent to now 610 kg.

Ford Ka Pickup : In 1997, in the prototype shell of the Ford plant in Cologne, a pickup version of the Ka without road approval was created, which was later painted in black and rainbow colors by the employee group for several years at Cologne's Christopher Street Day , Cologne Pride Ford GLOBE (Gay, Lesbian Or Bi-Sexual Employees) was used for the street move.

Turing Ka : At the 1998 Turin Motor Show , Ghia showed this study, a sporty, four-door microcar based on the Ka. In zinc yellow and titanium gray, it was almost 43 cm longer than the Ka. With a 17-inch Light alloy wheels, front and rear disc brakes, an integrated roof rack and the 1.7-liter engine with 92 kW installed in the Ford Puma. The interior particularly elegant: Kept in dark blue, with brown peccary leather to suede and four bucket seats. A tailor-made suitcase set ensured optimal use of the space in the trunk.

Streetka : presented as a study in 2000, this convertible was produced on the technical basis of the Ka from 2003 to 2005. However, it was a completely independent model, the engine was identical to that of the Sportka .

→ Main article : Ford Streetka

e-Ka : In 2000 Ford presented this 65 kW, electro-powered prototype, which was developed together with the French battery manufacturer SAFT. By using aluminum for the rear axle and brakes, as well as the composite material Hylite, which consists of the bonnet and roof, the weight of the car could be reduced by 45 kg. With the help of a lithium-ion battery , the maximum range was 150 km.

CNG-Ka : Ford initially presented a natural gas-powered test vehicle in early 2001 . From July 2001, when buying a new Kas, the conversion to bivalent natural gas operation with a 75 liter gas tank in the trunk was offered for 5,580 marks (around 2,853 euros, today around 7,200 euros). With the changeover to Duratec motors, this offer was discontinued because these motors were not suitable for conversion.

Motion Ka : Ford had provided three German universities with a Ford Ka, which was to be redesigned according to its own concept. In September 2001, seven students from the University of Essen presented the car, which had been converted into a leisure and beach mobile. The vehicle was raised, and the fenders, rear and front sections were changed to convey an off-road character and a dynamic side line. The car could be cleaned with a water hose, as all floor depressions and edges in the interior were removed. The front seats could also be used as a beach chair, the back bench as a hammock or luggage net. A multifunction display was integrated in the center console, which served as a speedometer , was removable and could be used as a Game Boy .

Awards

The Ka received numerous international awards, mainly because of its eye-catching design.

• The British newspaper Sunday Telegraph selected the Ka as the Favorite car of 1996 .
• The British car magazine Autocar nominated the Ka for Best car of the year 1996 .
• The Croatian automotive company awarded the Ka its highest design award in 1996.
• The Italian car magazine Automobilia voted the Ka the most beautiful car in the world in 1996 .
• The Bild am Sonntag gave the Ka 1996 Golden Steering Wheel .
• The Ka received the 1997 Designer Prize of the State of North Rhine-Westphalia, Honorary Prize for Product Design .
• In 1997, the Ka received a design award in the USA for the best design in the automotive sector .
• The Ka received the European Automotive Design Award in 1997 .
• In 1997 the Japanese Car Styling Magazine awarded the Ka their highest design award, the Golden Marker . The jury sees the Ka as “the embodiment of the design of the future”.
• The Auto Zeitung magazine named the Ka for Best City Car 1997 .
• The British car magazine What Car? voted the Ka as the most economical vehicle in Great Britain six times in a row from 1997 to 2002 .
• The American car magazine AutoWeek awarded the Ka the title Best car of the year in 1997 .
• The British magazine Autocar voted the Ka as the best small car in 1999 .
• The British car magazine What Car? voted the Ka as the best city car in 1999 , "Practical, easy, fun to drive and equipped with imaginative storage space solutions".

Price development

When it was launched in Germany, the basic price for the 44 kW model was 18,150 DM (around 9,280 euros, today around 12,830 euros), the 37 kW model, which was available until 1998, cost 16,750 DM (around 8,564 euros, today around 11,840 euros). Although the equipment has been much more extensive since then, the prices have remained largely identical, the basic model cost 9,300 euros in Germany in 2006 (around 11,170 euros today) and from 2007, due to the VAT increase, 9,600 euros (around 11,270 euros today).

In January 2005, the Ka Student, a reduced-price special model for 7,990 euros (around 9,740 euros today), cost 8,190 euros from 2007 (around 9,620 euros today).

Others

Contrary to current standards, the Ka did not have a fully galvanized body for reasons of cost, so Ford only gave a six-year guarantee against rusting through of body parts; for most of the other current Ford models, this was twelve years.

Since September 2006, the Ka has had the allergy-tested interior label issued by the TÜV Rheinland Group .

A 2001 Ford Ka could be driven in the racing games Gran Turismo 4 and 5 .

During the nationwide introduction of E10 fuel , which was discussed in the spring of 2008 , the Ford Ka was described as the biggest victim of this regulation. It was by far the most widespread vehicle model in Germany, for which the vehicle manufacturer had not approved E10 fuel at the time. This was later revised by Ford, the Ka was given approval for E10 fuel. However, the Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety suspended the regulation for the introduction of E10 shortly afterwards.

Ka (type RU8, 2008-2016)

2nd generation
Ford Ka (2008-2016)
Production period:	08/2008–05/2016
Body versions :	Station wagon
Engines:	Otto engine : 1.2 liters (51 kW) Diesel engine : 1.2 liters (55 kW)
Length:	3620 mm
Width:	1658 mm
Height:	1505 mm
Wheelbase :	2300 mm
Empty weight :	940-1055 kg

General

From February 14, 2009, the second generation of the Ford Ka model was available in Germany, which was developed together with Fiat on the basis of the Panda .

In September 2005 Ford and Fiat announced that they had signed a Memorandum of Understanding for the joint development of a microcar. Since October 2007, Fiat in Germany has been offering the Fiat 500 in a retro design that resulted from this cooperation . Both vehicles, the Fiat 500 and the Ford Ka, were produced at the Fiat factory in Tychy ( Poland ). Each year 120,000 copies of both models were produced, the factory was specially expanded for this purpose.

The market launch of the Ka took place in Austria on January 19, 2009.

Photos of camouflaged prototypes were published in the trade press at the end of 2007. The model generation was not officially presented until October 2008.

design

Despite having the same platform, the Ka has strong stylistic differences to the Fiat 500. The designer team around Martin Smith designed the outer skin of the Ka in the kinetic design and based itself on current models of the Mondeo , Focus and Fiesta , in complete contrast to the retro look of the Fiat 500. The interior was also designed in a modern way.

technology

General

Rear view

Other measured values
CO 2 emissions:	109-119 g / km
Combined fuel consumption (EC standard):	4.1-5.1 l / 100 km
Stars in the Euro NCAP - Crash Test

The Ka has a different chassis setup than the Fiat 500, the torsional stiffness of the stabilizers has been increased by 20 percent on the front axle and 70 percent on the rear axle. This resulted in less rolling movements of the vehicle, which enabled a much more comfortable shock absorber setting. The electric power steering ( EPAS ) has also been significantly revised.

The engines used in the Ka are identical to those in the Fiat - an inline four-cylinder petrol engine ( FIRE engine ) with a displacement of 1.2 liters (51 kW) and a 1.2-liter diesel engine with a soot particle filter (55 kW), which together with Fiat Powertrain Technologies was developed and u. a. already powered the Opel Corsa C. Both engines meet the EURO 4 emissions standard. The diesel engine version has an improved brake system on the front axle with internally ventilated brake discs. All models have drum brakes on the rear axle . The diesel engine was called the 1.3 TDCI regardless of its displacement.

Since November 2010 the Ford Ka has been equipped with a start-stop system and a gearshift recommendation indicator as standard, and both engines now meet the EURO 5 emissions standard. At the end of 2013, the diesel engine was withdrawn from the range.

Engines

The following engines were available from the Ka.

Gasoline engine
designation	Displacement	cylinder	power	Max. Torque	Top speed	0-100	Fuel consumption	CO 2 emissions	Emission standard	Others
Duratec 1.2	1242 cc	R4 (8V)	51 kW (69 PS) at 5500 rpm	102 Nm at 3000 rpm	159 km / h	13.1 s	5.1 liters / 100 km	119 g / km	EURO 4	08/2008 to 10/2010
						13.4 s	4.9 liters / 100 km	115 g / km	EURO 6	11/2010 to 05/2016, with automatic start-stop
diesel
designation	Displacement	cylinder	power	Max. Torque	Top speed	0-100	Fuel consumption	CO 2 emissions	Emission standard	Others
Duratorq TDCi 1.3	1248 cc	R4 (16V)	55 kW (75 PS) at 4000 rpm	145 Nm at 1500-3500 rpm	161 km / h	13.1 s	4.2 liters / 100 km	112 g / km	EURO 4	08/2008 to 10/2010
					160 km / h	13.6 s	4.1 liters / 100 km	109 g / km	5 EURO	11/2010 to 12/2013, with automatic start-stop

Equipment variants

When the Ka was launched in Germany, it was available in two different equipment variants. In the basic Trend version , the vehicle had four airbags, an anti-lock braking system with electronic brake force distribution (EBD, Electronic Brakeforce Distribution ), electric power steering, on-board computer, tachometer and 175/65 R 14 tires. The height of the steering column and driver's seat were adjustable; the rear seat back was split 50/50. From the 2010 model year, the Trend model also included electric windows, central locking with radio remote control and electrically adjustable and heated exterior mirrors.

In Austria and Switzerland the basic model was called Ambiente , which in Austria had no split rear seat backs and no side airbags as standard. In addition, the Trend model was introduced in Austria in January 2011 ; the equipment was identical to that of the model of the same name in Germany.

In addition to external enhancements, the more extensive Titanium equipment offered, among other things, 195/50 R 15 tires, central locking with radio remote control, electrically adjustable and heated exterior mirrors, power windows, air conditioning with pollen and dust filters, an outside temperature display in the on-board computer and fog lights. Here, too, the standard equipment was expanded for the 2010 model year, now the model contained a CD radio, a chrome-plated exhaust cover, a leather steering wheel and door handles in chrome decor as standard.

Heated front seats and a rear park pilot system were available for both equipment options; The Titanium model has partial leather upholstery with heated seats and automatic temperature control for the air conditioning.

From July 2009, the Ka with a 1.3-liter diesel engine was only available in the Titanium equipment variant, and then again in the Trend equipment variant from 2011 .

In January 2010, Ford introduced the Edition model Concept in Germany , which represented the successor to the Ford Ka Student with lower basic equipment and a greatly reduced list of options . Compared to the trend , the model had only two airbags as standard, also lacked the trend standard from model year 2010 extras. Since January 2011, this equipment variant has been known as Ambiente , with the same equipment as the basic model in Austria and Switzerland.

safety

When it was launched in Germany and Switzerland, the Ka was equipped as standard with airbags for the driver and front passenger, side airbags for the front passengers, an anti-lock braking system with electronic brake force distribution and emergency brake lights. Head shoulder airbags for the driver and front passenger and the electronic stability program with hill start assist and traction control were available at an additional cost. The standard side airbags were missing from the Ford Ka Concept , called Ambiente since 2011 .

In Austria, the basic Ambiente model only featured front airbags for driver and front passenger and an anti-lock braking system with electronic brake force distribution as standard. Side airbags, head-shoulder airbags and the combination of the electronic stability program with hill start assist and traction control cost a surcharge.

Isofix child seat brackets on the rear seats were standard everywhere .

In the Euro NCAP crash test carried out by ADAC in November 2008, the Ka achieved four out of five stars. As with the first generation of the model in 2000, a European version was tested without the side airbags that are standard in Germany. Achieving the optimal test result of five stars, which among other things got the same Fiat 500 in 2007, was not possible without these side airbags.

Weak points

In contrast to its predecessor, the second generation of the Ka model has relatively few weak points, so that after its market launch, a trend for better could be seen in the ADAC breakdown statistics, where both generations were combined until 2010. Malfunctions in engine management occur more frequently, and the immobilizer or the associated transponder is more often defective than average. A loose shift linkage and a discharged battery were also named by the ADAC as the cause of breakdowns.

In the 2011 ADAC breakdown statistics, the model, which has now been evaluated for the first time without its predecessor, came in first out of twelve vehicles in the “microcar” class. In 2012 the Ford Ka was able to achieve second place out of eleven vehicles, after which the ADAC did not rank within the classes.

Customization options

Under the name Ford Individual, Ford offered various optics packages as options for customizing the car.

• The Ford Ka Grand Prix was available in Sunrise Red, Disco Black, Cloud Silver, Lago Gray, Crystal White and Cashmere White. The radiator grille, side mirrors and trim strips were white, while the exterior was painted red. Optionally, both side doors were stuck with selectable start numbers (0 to 9). In addition, the seat covers, door panels, steering wheel and headrests in the interior were color-coordinated with the vehicle color, and the dashboard was also covered with aluminum applications. In Germany, this optics package was withdrawn from the range in April 2011.
• The Ford Ka Digital was available in black until 2011; the parts and the dashboard were painted in the color Jump at the Grand Prix .
• The Ford Ka Tattoo , offered until January 2011, had large tribals on the front fenders, roof, floor mats and seats. Partial leather seats, also with tribals, were available for a surcharge.
• The Ford Ka Metal , in Austria Ford Ka Metal , was introduced in 2011 and had a special leather steering wheel with black decorative elements, fabric upholstery with silver-colored rings in a “metal” design, and the center console and instrument panel with black and chrome decorative elements. The model was only available in the metallic paint finishes Midnight Black, Lago Gray and Moonlight Silver, the radiator grille was painted black, and the B-pillars were clad in black with a Ka logo in the chrome decor on the driver's side . The new styling package was presented to the public for the first time at the Geneva Motor Show in March 2011.
• The Ford Ka Grand Prix II was also introduced in Germany in 2011 and was only available in Sunrise Red. The radiator grille, side mirrors and light-alloy wheels were painted in high-gloss black, and the trim strips had a black carbon look. In addition, seat covers, door panels, steering wheel and headrests in the interior were color-coordinated with the exterior of the car.
• The Ford Ka Grand Prix III was introduced in Germany in 2013 and was available in Flame Red, Midnight Black, Moonlight Silver and Cashmere White. The radiator grille and side mirrors were painted in a contrasting color, the light-alloy wheels were painted high-gloss black. In addition, in the interior there were seat covers in black-anthracite, steering wheel, gear knob and handbrake handle with decorative elements and velor carpet floor mats with contrasting seams.

Styling packages for the exterior and interior (only for the Titanium trim level ) were originally available in separate packages, and each exterior package always included a chrome-plated exhaust cover. Since December 2009 these packages have only been available in full.

• 

  Ford Ka Grand Prix

• 

  Ford Ka Digital

• 

  Ford Ka Grand Prix II (2012)

multimedia

Several audio systems were offered for the Ford Ka, including a USB port and AUX input for MP3 players that could be operated using the steering wheel remote control. The CD radios are MP3 compatible. In addition, a Bluetooth interface with voice control for a mobile phone, a communication console for mobile navigation systems and an extended speaker system with amplifier and a subwoofer were available.

Exterior paintwork

In addition to the Unilack Jump , there were two other solid and nine metallic paints, all of which were subject to a surcharge in Germany. The colors cashmere white and funky magenta were four-layer lacquers that were elaborate to paint.

In 2010 Ford replaced two colors, cloud silver was replaced by moonlight silver and disco black by midnight black . In 2013, Sunrise red was replaced by Flame red , and mustard olive yellow was added as a color in Germany, but was not offered in Austria.

Uni paints

Crystal white (Snow)

Jump

Sunrise red (Sunrise)

Flame red (Flame)

Metallic paints

Café (Macchiato)	Cloud Silver (Stardust)	Disco black (disco)	Dive blue (Dive)	sand	Scuba blue (Scuba)
Lake Gray (Moon)	Moonlight Silver (Moonlight)	Midnight-Black (Midnight)	Mustard Olive-Yellow	Cashmere white (Aurora)	Funky Magenta (Funky Pink)

(Different names of the same color for the Austrian market in brackets.)

Price development

When it was launched in Germany, the Ka was available as a trend with a 1.2-liter gasoline engine from 9,750 euros and as a Titanium for 10,750 euros; vehicles with a diesel engine cost 2,000 euros more each. In the year of the market launch, these prices were increased three times and in 2011 and 2012 a further time, to now 10,900 euros for the trend and 12,700 euros for the Titanium . The Concept edition model, introduced in 2010, was available from 9,650 euros, in the renamed version Ambiente from January 2011 9,700 euros and from January 2012 9,800 euros.

At the end of 2013, prices were significantly reduced, the Ambiente now costing 9,140 euros, the Trend 9,640 euros and the Titanium 11,140 euros.

In Austria it was available as Ambiente from 9,600 euros and as Titanium from 11,600 euros; the surcharge for the diesel engine was 2000 euros. Here too, prices were increased in March 2009 and January 2011. The Ambiente model now costs 10,040 euros, the Titanium 12,290 euros.

In Austria, too, prices were reduced at the end of 2013, the Ambiente now costing 8,990 euros, the Trend 9,490 euros and the Titanium 10,990 euros.

The Ford Ka was significantly cheaper than the technically identical Fiat 500.

Special models

Ka Vita

In April 2009 Ford announced that it would be launching a special model Ford Ka Vita limited to 300 vehicles as part of the “Own Ford Ka - Own Cola” campaign in the East German federal states in cooperation with Vita Cola . This was a titanium model with white-painted light alloy wheels, tinted windows, roof spoiler and CD radio. The Ford Ka Vita Original was painted in Sunrise Red, the Ford Ka Vita Black in Disco Black Metallic and also had the extended audio system with amplifier and subwoofer.

Ka iconic

In Austria, Ford offered the special model Ford Ka iconic from March 2011 . These were vehicles that incorporate the trend -Facilities, which also possessed air conditioning and a CD radio with AUX input and MP3 function. In addition, the buyer received a code with which he could download a maximum of 1000 songs within one year from the Ford Music Load & Play platform, which has over 10,000 music tracks from various genres.

Ka Champions Edition

From January 2012 Ford offered the special model Ford Ka Champions Edition . These were vehicles that incorporate the trend -Facilities, which velor carpet floor mats and B-pillar trim with the logo of the UEFA Champions League possessed.

Further model versions

At the international trade fair for environmental technology Clean Tech World , the Hamburg-based energy supplier mk-group Holding GmbH presented the MK1 E-KAT , an electric car based on the Ford Ka. The car was developed for Asch Motorsport , reached speeds of up to 120 km / h and had it via a 15 kWh lithium polymer battery , with which the vehicle had a range of 120 km. 1500 vehicles rolled off the production line every year, the official vehicle manufacturer is mk-group.

A more powerful variant called the Ka ST as the successor to the SportKa was planned and was also presented in the specialist press. The engine was to be identical to that of the Fiat 500 Abarth , a 99 kW, turbocharged 1.4 liter engine that should accelerate the car to a top speed of 205 km / h.

A convertible version was also announced. Like its predecessor, the Streetka , it was supposed to be a pure two-seater, but with an electrically opening steel hood. The model known as the Ka CC was never built.

A station wagon and a hybrid vehicle as well as an automatic transmission for the Ka were announced as possible options, but not implemented.

Awards

• The readers of JOY magazine chose the Ka as the winner of the JOY Trend Award 2009 in the Lifestyle category.
• 150 fleet managers voted the Ka three times in a row as company car of the year in the minicars category in the annual comparative tests carried out by the trade magazine “Firmenauto” from 2009 to 2011 .
• The Ford Ka with the 1.2-liter gasoline engine was the 2011 value champion in the “Minis” category. In the calculation of the most stable vehicles carried out by Auto Bild and EurotaxSchwacke , he not only achieved the "lowest loss in value in euros", but also the "best value retention in percent".
• In May 2012 the Ford Ka won the JD Power Award in the “Small Car” segment. In the “VOSS” (Vehicle Ownership Satisfaction Study) customer satisfaction study published annually by the American market research company JD Power, the Ka achieved the highest customer satisfaction rate in this segment at 78.9 percent.

Others

Around a year before the launch, Ford announced that a specially made prototype of the new Ford Ka model would be featured in the James Bond film Quantum of Solace . In the film, the car was moved by Bond girl "Camille" and powered by a fuel cell . It had a golden metallic paint with graphic elements and was equipped with a special interior.

Ka (South America, 2008-2013)

Second generation (South America)
Ford Ka (since 2008)
Production period:	01 / 2008–2013
Body versions :	Station wagon
Engines:	Petrol engines : 1.0–1.6 liters (51–75 kW)
Length:	3836 mm
Width:	1641 mm
Height:	1420 mm
Wheelbase :	2452 mm
Empty weight :	943 kg

General

On December 14, 2007, Ford presented the new Ford Ka for the South American region in Brazil. In contrast to the European successor, this was an independent model based on the first series of the Ford Ka and therefore had neither optically nor technically in common with the second European model generation.

The vehicle was available there from January 2008. In contrast to the two European model generations, the vehicle had five seats. The two available engines were the same as those that were also available in South America in the first generation of models, a 1.0-liter turbo engine and a 1.6-liter engine. Due to minor revisions, however, a small increase in performance was achieved in both engines - they therefore developed 51 kW and 75 kW respectively. Both engines were also suitable for the use of the ethanol fuel , which is widely used in Brazil , and when used the engine power increased slightly.

The model was only available in South America; an export to Central America, as was the case with the first generation of the model, did not take place.

In 2011 there was an optical overhaul and the 1.6-liter engine was also removed from the range. In 2013 the Ford Ka was completely withdrawn from the range.

Engines

Gasoline engine

designation	Displacement	cylinder	power	Max. Torque	Fuel consumption	Others
Duratec (RoCam) Flex	999 cm³	R4 (8V)	51 kW (69 PS) (petrol operation)	87 Nm at 4750 rpm (petrol operation)	7.1 liters / 100 km	Turbo engine
			54 kW (73 PS) (ethanol operation)	91 Nm at 5000 rpm (ethanol operation)
	1599 cc		75 kW (102 PS) (petrol operation)	155 Nm at 4250 rpm (petrol operation)	7.6 liters / 100 km	Only until 2011
			79 kW (107 PS) (ethanol operation)	164 Nm at 4250 rpm (ethanol operation)

Ka + (since 2014)

Third generation
Ford Ka + (2016-2018)
Production period:	since 2014
Body versions :	Limousine , station wagon
Engines:	Otto engines : 1.0–1.5 liters (51–77 kW) Diesel engine : 1.5 liters (70 kW)
Length:	3890-3955 mm
Width:	1700-1743 mm
Height:	1524-1551 mm
Wheelbase :	2489 mm
Empty weight :	1055 kg

Other measured values
CO 2 emissions:	114 g / km
Combined fuel consumption (EC standard):	5.0 l / 100 km
Stars in the Euro NCAP - Crash Test

In November 2013, Ford announced that it would produce the third generation of the Ford Ka at the Camaçari plant in Brazil. Later production in India, China and Thailand was also planned. Similar to other Ford models such as Fiesta and Focus, the new model is to be offered as a world car on many markets in almost the same version (partly as Ford Figo ).

For the first time, the Ka is available as a four- and five-door model. On the South American market it is sold exclusively with three-cylinder EcoBoost engines. In many markets, but not in Germany, a notchback version is also offered, which is sometimes referred to as the Ka + or Figo Aspire .

Just like the B-Max , EcoSport and Fiesta models, the car is based on the so-called B platform.

The European version was presented at the beginning of June 2016. Like the EcoSport, it is produced in India, but in a specially built plant in Sanand in the Ahmedabad district . According to Ford, the European market launch took place much later, as numerous changes were made to the chassis, noise behavior and processing. In Germany, only the five-door model is sold as a Ka + . When the model was launched in Europe, it was powered by a new 1.2-liter Duratec gasoline engine, which delivered either 51 kW (70 hp) or 63 kW (85 hp).

As standard, all vehicles are equipped with front electric windows, electrically adjustable side mirrors, central locking with radio remote control, ESP and six airbags. The starting price of the Ka + is 9,990 euros, the more powerful Ka + Cool & Sound, which is also equipped with air conditioning and voice-controlled Ford Sync as standard, is available from 11,400 euros. The first vehicles were delivered in Europe in mid-October 2016.

In February 2018, a facelift was announced for the European variant. The radiator grille was adapted to the look of the other current Ford models and was significantly higher, and there were new headlights. Daytime running lights and fog lights were standard here. A new 1.2-liter three-cylinder gasoline engine was available, which was equipped with a start-stop system and an output of either 52 kW or 63 kW. In addition, a diesel engine was again available for the Ford Ka until April 2019. The 1.5-liter four-cylinder turbo diesel engine had a maximum output of 70 kW with a torque of 215 Nm and had an energy recovery system for the alternator (SRC), which charges the vehicle battery more strongly when braking.

The Ka + Active , a crossover variant, was also new to the range . This has 23 mm higher ground clearance, special 15-inch alloy wheels, roof rails and a special body kit. The front and rear bumpers have a lower insert in silver, the side skirts are black with silver-colored inserts, and the wheel arches are also in black. With Havana Brown there is also a new paint finish that is exclusively available for the Ka + Active . There are also differences in the interior: the seats have a special design, the roof lining is anthracite and the leather steering wheel has controls for the cruise control system.

In January 2020, Ford stopped selling the Ka + in Europe without replacement. It is still available in other markets such as Brazil.

• 

  Rear view

• 

  Ford Ka + Active (2018-2020)

• 

  Rear view

• 

  Sedan four-door (Brazil)

Technical data (Europe)

	Ka + 1.2 Ti-VCT		Ka + 1.2		Ka + 1.5 TDCI
Construction period	10/2016–03/2018		03 / 2018–01 / 2020		03 / 2018-04 / 2019
Engine characteristics
Engine type	R4 petrol engine		R3 petrol engine		R4 diesel engine
Displacement	1196 cc		1194 cc		1499 cc
Max. Power at min −1	51 kW (70 PS) / 6000	63 kW (85 PS) / 6300	52 kW (70 PS) / 5500-6500	63 kW (85 PS) / 5500-6500	70 kW (95 PS) / 3750
Max. Torque in min -1	105 Nm / 4000	112 Nm / 4000	115 Nm / 4250		215 Nm / 1750
Power transmission
drive	Front wheel drive
Gearbox, as standard	5-speed manual transmission
Readings
Top speed	159 km / h	169 km / h	164 km / h	169 km / h	179 km / h
Acceleration, 0-100 km / h	15.3 s	13.3 s	14.6 s	13.5 s	11.4 s
Empty weight	1055 kg
Fuel consumption over 100 km (combined)	5.0 l super		5.1 l super	5.0 l Super (Active: 5.7 l Super)	3.7 l diesel (Active: 4.1 l diesel)
CO 2 emissions (combined)	114 g / km		117 g / km	114 g / km (Active: 129 g / km)	99 g / km (Active: 108 g / km)
Tank capacity	42 l
Emission standard	Euro 6		Euro 6d-TEMP

Web links

Commons : Ford Ka  - Collection of pictures, videos and audio files

• Information on the Ka from Ford Germany. Retrieved January 28, 2009 . 
• Model history of the Ka 1996–2002 from Ford Germany. Retrieved January 28, 2009 . 

Individual evidence

1. ↑ Test drive in the new Ford Ka.heise.de, October 23, 2008, accessed on September 10, 2012 . 
2. ↑ Björn Tolksdorf: Ford Ka: Is the new one coming in 2016? The smallest Ford is overdue. Motor-Talk.de, January 29, 2016, accessed April 18, 2016 . 
3. ↑ Results of the Ford Ka (only with driver airbag) in the Euro NCAP crash test 2000. Accessed on January 28, 2009 (English). 
4. ↑ Publication of the Japanese automakers' association about model innovations from US manufacturers. (No longer available online.) December 1998, archived from the original on May 12, 2013 ; accessed on September 10, 2012 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.  
5. ↑ Ford press release on the launch of the Ka in Australia. (No longer available online.) 1999, formerly in the original ; Retrieved January 28, 2009 .  ( Page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.    
6. ↑ ^{a b} Report from the Australian website Car Advice on Erlkönig photos of the new Ford Ka for Europe. December 6, 2007, accessed January 28, 2009 . 
7. ^ Ford press release on the production of the one millionth Ford Ka. (No longer available online.) 2002, archived from the original on September 4, 2009 ; Retrieved January 28, 2009 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.  
8. ↑ Spiegel.de: New Ford Ka - premiere under the bridge. October 2, 2008, accessed January 28, 2009 . 
9. ^ ADAC Crashtest Ford Ka. (PDF; 170 kB) October 2000, accessed on September 10, 2012 . 
10. ↑ Auto Bild: Ford Ka test report. July 22, 2003, accessed on November 22, 2009 . 
11. ↑ Tagesspiegel / dpa: The Ford Ka as a used vehicle - when quality makes leaps. In: Der Tagesspiegel. April 14, 2014, accessed February 12, 2020 . 
12. ↑ www.adac.de: Breakdown Statistics 2008. (PDF; 122 kB) April 2009, accessed on September 10, 2012 . 
13. ↑ Ford press release: Ford Streetka - Have fun for the money. (No longer available online.) April 2003, formerly in the original ; Retrieved October 10, 2011 .  ( Page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.    
14. ↑ Report of the autoreview about step 1. (No longer available online.) Archived from the original on February 19, 2008 ; Retrieved January 28, 2009 (Russian). Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.  
15. ↑ Ecological sustainability potentials of means of transport and fuels, report by the German Aerospace Center (PDF; 2.5 MB) June 2001, p. 90 , accessed on January 28, 2009 . 
16. ^ Ford press release on the presentation of the Turing Ka at the 1998 Turin Motor Show. (No longer available online.) April 9, 1998, archived from the original on February 21, 2008 ; accessed on January 28, 2009 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.  
17. ↑ Ford press release: Ford e-lightweight vehicle with high-performance battery. (No longer available online.) May 5, 2000, formerly in the original ; Retrieved October 10, 2011 .  ( Page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.    
18. ↑ Ford press release on converting Ford vehicles to natural gas operation. (No longer available online.) July 2001, archived from the original on February 21, 2008 ; Retrieved January 28, 2009 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.  
19. ↑ Information Service Science: Cooperation between Ford and Essen designers: A Motion KA full of smart ideas. September 13, 2001, accessed October 1, 2011 . 
20. ↑ Ford - Guarantee against rusting through. (No longer available online.) Archived from the original on May 15, 2013 ; Retrieved March 6, 2009 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.  
21. ↑ Ford press release: Ford Ka with allergy-tested interior. (No longer available online.) September 11, 2006, archived from the original on February 21, 2008 ; Retrieved March 6, 2009 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.  
22. ↑ Ford press release: Ford gasoline engines tolerate E-10 admixture. (No longer available online.) March 19, 2008, formerly in the original ; Retrieved March 6, 2009 .  ( Page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.    
23. ^ Autobild.de: Fiat and Ford cooperate. September 12, 2005, accessed September 9, 2011 . 
24. ↑ Report of the Austrian Internet portal motorline.cc about the new Ford Ka. November 11, 2008, accessed on January 28, 2009 . 
25. ↑ auto, motor und sport - Caught: Ford Ka. (No longer available online.) November 28, 2007, archived from the original on February 27, 2009 ; Retrieved January 28, 2009 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.  
26. ↑ Results of the second generation Ford Ka (without side and head-shoulder airbags) in the Euro NCAP crash test 2008. Accessed on January 28, 2009 (English). 
27. ^ ADAC crash test of the new Ford Ka. (PDF; 73 kB) November 2008, accessed on September 10, 2012 . 
28. ^ ADAC breakdown statistics 2010 (PDF) April 2011, accessed on February 3, 2012 . 
29. ↑ ^{a b} ADAC breakdown statistics 2012. (PDF; 238 kB) (No longer available online.) ADAC, April 26, 2012, archived from the original on October 4, 2013 ; Retrieved October 4, 2013 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.  
30. ^ ADAC breakdown statistics 2014 - Ford Ka. ADAC, accessed on July 15, 2014 . 
31. ^ ADAC breakdown statistics 2011. ADAC, April 26, 2012, accessed on June 28, 2012 . 
32. ↑ salon-auto.ch: New products at the Geneva Motor Show 2011. (. No longer available online) Archived from the original on January 12, 2013 ; Retrieved February 11, 2011 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.  
33. ↑ News Current Press Portal - "Own Ford Ka - Own Cola - Vehicle manufacturer cooperates with cult Vita Cola in East Germany". (No longer available online.) April 27, 2009, archived from the original on July 9, 2009 ; Retrieved April 27, 2009 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.  
34. ↑ Ford press release: “New special models from Ford: Ka iconic & Fiesta iconic”. (No longer available online.) March 7, 2011, formerly in the original ; Retrieved February 29, 2012 .  ( Page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.    
35. ↑ Ford Ka - Champions Edition. (No longer available online.) Archived from the original on March 4, 2012 ; Retrieved February 29, 2012 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.  
36. ↑ Press release: "mk-group presents the MK1 - the electric car based on a Ford KA". October 4, 2010, archived from the original on January 10, 2011 ; Retrieved January 5, 2011 . 
37. ^ Front page of Autobild 03/2009: "The Ford powerhouse - 205 km / h: Ford Ka with 135 PS". (PDF; 646 kB) March 1, 2009, accessed on March 10, 2009 . 
38. ^ "Ka CC drops in, too". September 2, 2008, accessed February 13, 2009 . 
39. ↑ Ford press release: “Ford KA wins JOY Trend Award 2009”. July 6, 2009. Retrieved July 15, 2009 . 
40. ↑ Results company car of the year 2009 . (PDF; 216 kB) (No longer available online.) Firmenauto.de, July 9, 2009, formerly in the original ; Retrieved September 10, 2012 .  ( Page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.    
41. ↑ Ford press release: "Company car of the year 2010": Another double success for the Ford Ka and Ford S-Max . (PDF) (No longer available online.) June 21, 2010, formerly in the original ; Retrieved July 8, 2010 .  ( Page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.    
42. ↑ Ford press release: Ford Ka “Company Car of the Year” for the third time in a row . July 4, 2011, archived from the original on September 12, 2011 ; Retrieved June 14, 2012 . 
43. ↑ Ford press release: "Wertmeister 2011": Triple success for Ford . (No longer available online.) December 9, 2010, formerly in the original ; Retrieved December 11, 2010 .  ( Page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.    
44. ↑ Ford press release: Ford Ka: First place in the new JD Power study on customer satisfaction . May 31, 2012, archived from the original on June 3, 2012 ; Retrieved June 1, 2012 . 
45. ↑ "Big role for the little one: James Bond drives Ford Ka" - Report of the RP Online. (No longer available online.) April 9, 2008, formerly in the original ; Retrieved January 28, 2009 .  ( Page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.    
46. ↑ Autosieger.de - Ford Ka plays in the new James Bond film "Quantum of Solace". August 21, 2008, accessed January 16, 2010 . 
47. ↑ Ford Brazil: Novo Ford Ka. (No longer available online.) Archived from the original on December 19, 2008 ; Retrieved January 28, 2009 (Portuguese). Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.  
48. ↑ Results of the Ford Ka + in the Euro NCAP crash test 2017. Accessed on March 2, 2017 (English). 
49. ↑ Ford Ka Concept: Small car becomes global car. auto-motor-und-sport.de , accessed on March 22, 2014 . 
50. ↑ Small car only as five-door. auto-motor-und-sport.de , accessed on June 29, 2016 . 
51. ↑ ^{a b} Ford Ka + 2018: New technology, new engines, new line. auto-und-motors.de, February 6, 2018, accessed on February 25, 2018 . 
52. ↑ Uli Baumann: Discontinued models: These cars have left us. In: auto-motor-und-sport.de. February 1, 2020, accessed February 12, 2020 . 

This version was added to the list of articles worth reading on December 4, 2009 .