Ford Transit

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Ford Transit
Manufacturer: ford
Production period: 1965 – today
Previous model: Ford FK 1000/1250 Taunus Transit
Ford Thames 400E
Successor: none

The Ford Transit is a pickup truck made by the automobile manufacturer Ford . It has been in production since 1965 and is available through all generations as a panel van , pickup truck and minibus in different versions. Ford also offers luxuriously equipped minibus models under the Ford Tourneo name . The fifth generation was voted Van of the Year in 2001, as was the sixth generation in 2007 .

General

After the Second World War , Ford Germany built two different small vans with the Ford FK 1000/1250 and Ford of Britain with the Ford Thames 400E , some of which were even offered side by side in export markets outside of their home markets. To avoid this in the future, the corporate headquarters in Dearborn ordered the joint development of a successor under the project name Redcap . The two subsidiaries showed little interest in joint development and delayed the project. Eventually Detroit took the initiative and sent drawings to England of how the new van should look. This design was based on plans for a future American full- size van with a large engine compartment that could also accommodate V8 petrol engines. Ford originally wanted to develop a world car and replace the Econoline I with it. Due to the lack of cooperation between Ford Germany and Ford of Britain, the project was not very far advanced, so Ford America ultimately developed its own successor. The Ford FK 1000/1250, now renamed Ford Taunus Transit , sold according to Ford Germany's expectations, but the expandability of the payload was limited. Due to the necessity to discontinue the Ford FK series with the simultaneous success of the Ford Thames Trader from Ford of Britain, Detroit now gave Ford of Britain the main responsibility for development. There they were more interested in a successor model, as the Thames 400E was selling less and less in the home market. Therefore, a transporter with similarities to the Ford Cortina was developed from the drawings . Due to the development ban from Detroit for a successor to the Taunus Transit, Ford Germany was now forced to accept the design and limit itself to questions of body variants and technology. After the vehicle was fully developed, a name had to be found that could be used in all markets. At Ford of Britain at that time, all commercial vehicles were nicknamed Thames for the main plant on the Thames. Finally, an agreement was reached on the name Ford Transit, which was already used in the Ford Taunus Transit. Where Transit in Latin stands for transire = to go over, to exceed, to exceed and in general for traffic crossing a state or a certain area. Because of the German predecessor Taunus Transit, different counting methods are used for the series in Germany and Great Britain . The model, which was first built in 1965 by the British Ford works, is known as the 2nd generation in Germany and the Mark 1 (1st generation) in Great Britain.

While the predecessors were forward control vehicles , the dimensions of which roughly corresponded to Germany's largest competitor, the VW bus , since 1965 all models have been short-nosed vehicles with the engine under a short hood in front of the driver's cab. Since then, they have always been a little bigger than the VW bus. All generations have one thing in common - thanks to the engine located at the front - a large and, above all, level loading area, even in the box version (unlike the VW Transporter mentioned , which until 1990 had the engine in the rear and therefore floors of different heights in the interior).

The Transit became the best-selling vans in Great Britain, but in Germany it only ever came second behind the VW vans. Although it was a younger design than the original VW bus, it was considered loud, at least in the first few years. In addition, the simpler chassis had poor driving and suspension properties for a long time. On the other hand, there was an unpretentiousness and a certain robustness, while at the same time a mediocre build quality was repeatedly criticized. Like most other vans, the transit in Germany never achieved the cult factor of the VW bus, even if it was nicknamed "Ford Türkspeed" in the 1970s due to its popularity with guest workers at the time . In contrast to the VW bus, old transits in the hands of enthusiasts are correspondingly rare. The model's success is unbroken after more than 50 years.

The five millionth transit rolled off the assembly line in Southampton on July 18, 2005 and was donated to a charity. The Transit has been the best-selling light commercial vehicle in Europe for over 40 years. In the 2000s, Ford developed a complete commercial vehicle program under the name Transit, starting with the Transit Connect , followed by the Transit Custom and ending with the Transit Courier . With the 7th generation of the Transit (UK MK 8), Ford is realizing its original plans for the model as a world car . The European Transit is also built in North America and offered as a Ford T series .

Production sites

Model generations

Taunus Transit (Germany only; 1961–1965)

Transit '65 / '71 (1965–1978)

2nd generation
Ford transit 2v sst.jpg

Ford Transit (1965-1970)

Production period: 1965-1978
Designs: Flatbed trucks , panel vans , minibuses
Engines:
Otto engines : 1.2–2.0 liters
(33–59 kW)
Diesel engines 1.7 liters (32 kW)
:
2.4 liters (46 kW)
Length: from 4425 mm
Width: from 1960 mm
Height: from 1980 mm
Wheelbase: from 2690 mm
Perm. Total weight: 3.25 t

The second generation of the Transit was a British design. The vehicle was originally manufactured at Langley (Slough), Berkshire ( United Kingdom ), where the Hawker Hurricane fighter aircraft was built during World War II . A few years later, Ford moved production to Southampton . At the same time, the Transit was also produced in Genk ( Belgium ).

The gross vehicle weight was up to 3.25 t, with the heavier vehicles being fitted with twin tires at the rear . Unlike its predecessors, the vehicles were short-nosed. Under the hood worked V4 engines from the passenger car range with a displacement of 1.2 to 1.7 liters (as in the 12 M, 15 M and 17 M), which drove the rear wheels. The chassis was made up of leaf-sprung rigid axles .

Rear view

The Transit was very successful in Europe immediately after its market launch. It impressed with its affordable prices and with a greater variety of variants than the competition. There were flatbed trucks, box vans or minibuses, each with different wheelbases, or just the chassis as the basis for numerous special bodies.

At the beginning of 1971 the transit was slightly revised. The engine range was expanded to include a larger V4 engine with a 2 liter displacement (from the British Ford range) and, for the first time, a diesel engine from Perkins . With an output of only 32 kW, the diesel engine was too weak and therefore unpopular. In 1974 it was replaced by Ford's own “York” engine, which developed 46 kW. Since this diesel engine with the cylinders arranged in line was longer than a V4 petrol engine, the radiator grille and bonnet had to be adapted. Because of this shape, this variant was given the nickname "Transit with a pig's snout".

Ford A-Series (1972–1982)

The Ford A series was built between 1972 and 1982 with a higher payload and a few identical parts . Larger and with more powerful engines, it anticipated design elements from the third generation.

This article or the following section is not adequately provided with supporting documents ( e.g. individual evidence ). Information without sufficient evidence could be removed soon. Please help Wikipedia by researching the information and including good evidence.
The evidence for the technical data is missing here. The nominal power of the diesel engine is given in the unit horsepower (745.7 W), but for gasoline engines it is questionable whether the information is DIN PS (735.5 W) or horsepower (745.7 W). Torque was not given in Newton meters until the end of the 1970s, and this information may also be incorrect. - Jojhnjoy ( discussion ) ( activity ) ( focus ) 09:31, 30 Jun. 2017 (CEST)

Motorizations in Germany

Type Displacement (cm³) compression Nominal power (?) At 1 / min Maximum torque (Nm) at 1 / min construction time
V4 Cologne 1183 8.2: 1 45/4500 80/2400 1965-1967
V4 Cologne 1288 8.2: 1 50/5000 93/2500 1967-1971
V4 Cologne 1498 8.0: 1 60/4500 112/2400 1965-1967
V4 Cologne 1488 8.0: 1 60/4800 112/2400 1967-1978
V4 Cologne 1699 8.0: 1 65/4500 125/2400 1965-1967
V4 Cologne 1688 8.0: 1 65/4800 125/2400 1967-1978
V4 Essex 1996 8.0: 1 75/4500 137/2750 1971-1976
V4 Essex 1996 9.0: 1 80/4750 151/2750 1974
V4 Essex 1996 8.0: 1 70/4500 139/2500 1976-1988
R4 diesel 2358 21.5: 1 62/3600 130/2750 1971-1985

  • Ford Transit (1971–1977) of the Bremen police

  • Ford Transit (Bj. 1973) of the Holtershausen Volunteer Fire Brigade

  • Ford Transit flatbed

  • Transit with a diesel engine

  • Transit with a diesel engine as a mobile home

Transit '78 (1978–1985)

3rd generation
Ford transit 3v sst.jpg

Ford Transit (1978-1983)

Production period: 1978-1985
Designs: Flatbed trucks , panel vans , minibuses
Engines:
Otto engines : 1.6–3.0 liters
(48–74 kW)
Diesel engines :
2.4–2.5 liters
(46–50 kW)
Wheelbase: 2700-3000 mm

The third generation introduced in March 1978 was a technically and externally slightly modified version of the previous model. Above all, the interior and the front section were redesigned, where gasoline and diesel motor vehicles now looked the same from the outside. Instead of the V4 engine, the 4-cylinder OHC from Ford Escort and Ford Taunus was used. The so-called Essex V6 , a 3-liter V6 engine, was also available.

From 1981 the transit club mobile could be ordered. What was striking about this vehicle was the interior with a deep-pile carpet and swiveling seats as well as portholes for the rear and large, deep windows for the middle seating area. In addition, you could choose 7-inch Ronal aluminum wheels with 245 / 60x14 tires and power steering , an overdrive gearbox or the additional trunk for the roof.

In the fall of 1983 there was a small facelift with a new radiator grille, extended bumper corners and larger rear lights with integrated reversing lights. In addition, the series of light trucks, the Ford A-series , which is important in Great Britain, has been replaced by new variants with a higher payload .

At the beginning of 1984, the world's first high-speed diesel engine with direct injection was introduced in the Transit Di. The 2.5-liter in-line four-cylinder developed 50 kW (68 hp) at 4000 rpm and consumed almost 25 percent less than the previous model with significantly lower maintenance requirements and was 15 percent more efficient than the competition.

  • Rear view

  • Ford Transit (1983–1985)

  • Rear view

  • Red Cross ambulance still in use in 2010

  • Version with round headlights

  • Ford Transit 2.4l diesel motorhome with lifting roof (Bj. 1983)

This article or the following section is not adequately provided with supporting documents ( e.g. individual evidence ). Information without sufficient evidence could be removed soon. Please help Wikipedia by researching the information and including good evidence.
Sources for the technical data are missing here, no nominal power is given, further data are missing ... - Jojhnjoy ( discussion ) ( activity ) ( focus ) 09:31, 30. Jun. 2017 (CEST)
Technical data Transit '78 (1978–1985)
1600 2000 3000 2300 2500
Engine: 4-cylinder in-line engine (Otto) 6-cylinder V-engine (Otto) 4-cylinder in-line engine (diesel)
Displacement: 1584 cc 1954 cc 3000 cc 2300 cc 2496 cc
Bore × stroke:
in mm		 87.67 × 66 90.82 x 76.95 93.67 x 90.54
Maximum performance
at 1 / min		 48 kW
(65 hp)
4750		 57 kW
(78 hp)
4500		 50 kW
(68 hp)
4000
Max. Torque
at 1 / min		 114 Nm
(11.6 kgf m)
2800		 147 Nm
(15 kgf m)
2800
143 Nm
Front suspension: Rigid axle on leaf springs
Rear suspension: Rigid axle on leaf springs
Wheelbase: 2700 mm / 3000 mm
Top speed: 127 km / h

Transit '86 / '92 / '95 (1986-2000)

4th generation
FordTransit2013n2.jpg

Ford Transit (1986-1991)

Production period: 1986-2000
Designs: Flatbed trucks , panel vans , minibuses
Engines: Otto engine :
2.0 liters (84 kW)
Diesel engines :
2.5 liters
(51–85 kW)

The fourth generation came on the market in early 1986. The body was fundamentally new and aerodynamically shaped. The hood and windshield had the same angle of attack. It remained with the driven rigid rear axle, but the front rigid axle was replaced by independent suspension and there was now a rack and pinion steering, five-speed gearbox and an interior that was closer to that of a car.

1. Facelift

In the fall of 1991 there was a subtle external facelift, especially the front end (headlights, indicators, radiator grille, bonnet). The floor pan of the long wheelbase variants was new. In addition to the revised DI engines with 70 and 80 PS (51/59 kW), there was for the first time an engine with diesel direct injection and turbocharging (74 kW / 100 PS) and the well-known 2-liter petrol engine now also with a regulated catalytic converter (72 kW / 98 hp).

2. Facelift

In the late summer of 1994 the Transit received a facelift. Among other things, the front end (different grille with integrated Ford emblem, plastic headlights) and the interior, for which a new dashboard was developed, were changed. At the same time there was the gasoline engine known from the Ford Scorpio and Sierra with two overhead camshafts ( DOHC ) and eight valves with 84 kW (114 hp) at 5000 rpm, which, in contrast to the previous Transit engines, did not have a timing belt but a timing chain would have.

After the new generation was introduced in Europe in spring 2000, Ford continued to build this Transit in Vietnam until 2003.

  • Ford Transit (1991-1994)

  • Rear view

  • Ford Transit (1994-2000)

  • Rear view

Transit 2006 (China)

Ford Transit 2006 (China)

The fourth generation of the Transit (under the name Transit 2006 or Transit VJX ) has been re-established since 2006 . The manufacturer Jiangling Motors from the People's Republic of China is building the model on behalf of the Ford Motor Company, through whose sales network it is sold.

This article or the following section is not adequately provided with supporting documents ( e.g. individual evidence ). Information without sufficient evidence could be removed soon. Please help Wikipedia by researching the information and including good evidence.
That with the nominal power has to be explained once; how is 400 W supposed to make such a big difference in an automobile engine? - Jojhnjoy ( discussion ) ( activity ) ( focus ) 09:31, 30 Jun. 2017 (CEST)

The larger headlights and the larger radiator grille are particularly noticeable. As in Europe, the vehicle is available in a wide variety and is also popular with body manufacturers and commercial vehicle converters due to its large number of copies. In China, however, the Transit is only available with two different engines. Two diesel engines with 67.6 kW and 68 kW face each other. Both have a displacement of 2771 cm³.

Transit '00 (2000-2006)

5th generation
Ford Transit front 20071231.jpg

Ford Transit L1H1 (2000-2006)

Production period: 2000-2006
Designs: Flatbed trucks , panel vans , minibuses
Engines: Otto engine :
2.3 liters (107 kW)
Diesel engines :
2.0–2.4 liters
(55–101 kW)
Length: from 4834 mm
Width: 1974 mm
Height: 1995-2590 mm
Wheelbase: 2933-3750 mm

This model was introduced in January 2000. Front-wheel or rear-wheel drive were optionally available. The Transit was produced in Genk and Southampton as well as Turkey, which took over 100% of the Belgian volume in 2005. The vehicle was available in four lengths and three heights, but the L4 was only available with rear-wheel drive.

With the Transit Euroline there was also a variant with a fold-out table, fold-down rear bench, curtains, and swiveling front seats.

  • Rear view

  • Transit as a mobile home base

  • Duratorq DI turbodiesel engine with 66 kW (90 PS) in a Ford Transit L1H1

  • Ford Transit Euroline

Transit '06 (2006-2013)

6th generation
Ford Transit VI 110 T300 20090910 front.JPG

Ford Transit (2006-2013)

Production period: 2006-2013
Designs: Flatbed trucks , panel vans , minibuses
Engines: Gasoline engine : 2.3 liters (107 kW)
Diesel engines :
2.2–3.2 liters
(63–147 kW)
Length: 4863-6474 mm
Width: 1974-1999 mm
Height: 1997-2623 mm
Wheelbase: 2933-3750 mm

From June 2006 there was the sixth edition of the van, in fact the model was a modernized form of the previous model. For the revised sixth generation, the Transit was awarded the title “Van of the Year 2007”. Apart from Nissan NV400 , Opel or Vauxhall Movano and Renault Master - all of which are identical - the Transit is the only commercial vehicle that can be ordered with front-wheel or rear-wheel drive. The curb weight is given as 1699–2234 kg.

From October 2007, the Transit was also available with all-wheel drive (up to 3.5 tonnes). All model variants except right-hand drive were mainly built in Gölcük (Turkey) at Ford Otosan Kocaeli. The versions for the British market were made in Southampton.

  • Rear view

  • inside view

Models

  • 09-B
  • 190D
  • Blue bird
  • E350 Super Duty
  • Econoline minibus (in Germany Euroline, up to 17 passengers)
  • El Dorado Aerolite
  • Euroline
  • Krystal
  • Luton
  • Metrotrans
  • Nugget ( RV )
  • R1114
  • Sports
  • VE6
  • Wayne
  • trend
  • Limited

Engines

  • 2.2 l diesel, 63 kW (85 PS); 2006–2012
  • 2.2 l diesel, 81 kW (110 hp); 2006-2008
  • 2.2 l diesel, 85 kW (115 PS); 2008–2012
  • 2.2 l diesel, 92 kW (125 PS); 2006–2012
  • 2.2 l diesel, 96 kW (130 hp); 2006-2007
  • 2.2 l diesel, 103 kW (140 PS); 2007–2012
  • 2.2 l diesel, 114 kW (155 hp); 2012-2013
  • 2.4 l diesel, 74 kW (100 hp); 2006–2012
  • 2.4 l diesel, 85 kW (115 PS); 2006–2012
  • 2.4 l diesel, 103 kW (140 PS); 2006–2012
  • 3.2 l diesel, 147 kW (200 hp); 2007–2012
  • 2.3 l petrol engine, 107 kW (146 hp); 2006–2012

"Transit XXL" study

In January 2007 Ford presented the "Transit XXL" study, which was technically based on two Tourneo FT 350 with short wheelbase . Designed like a stretch limousine , but with the interior height typical of a van, it could comfortably carry up to seven people with a total length of 7.40 m. The curb weight was 2,500 kg with a permissible total weight of 3,500 kg. Atypical for a vehicle in the luxury segment, however, it was only equipped with a 96 kW (130 PS) 2.2-liter TDCI engine, which powered the car via a five-speed manual transmission and front-wheel drive.

Transit '14 (since 2014)

7th generation
2014 Ford Transit (fr) .jpg

Ford Transit (2014-2019)

Production period: 2014 – today
Designs: Flatbed trucks , panel vans , minibuses
Engines: Diesel engines :
2.2–3.2 liters
(74–147 kW)
Length: 5531-6734 mm
Width: 2059-2126 mm
Height: 2550-2781 mm
Wheelbase: 3300-3750 mm

With the seventh generation of the Transit presented in May 2014, Ford is again breaking new ground. While Ford offered the novelty either front or rear-wheel drive in the predecessor to cover the different weight classes and usage requirements, two models are now offered in the segment. The smaller and lighter versions with only front-wheel drive and a payload of up to one ton have been offered as Ford Transit Custom and Tourneo Custom since September 2012 . The curb weight is given as 2043–3085 kg.

Rear view

The models in the higher weight classes are covered by the new Transit, which was presented at the International Motor Show for Commercial Vehicles in Hanover in 2012. This takes over the 2.2-liter common rail diesel engine and the dashboard of the smaller Transit Custom, but otherwise differs from the smaller Custom.

A start-stop system is now available, as is a lane assistant and additional side and head-shoulder airbags. The Transit is available in three lengths and two heights as well as front, rear or all-wheel drive, with a gross vehicle weight of 2.0 to 5.0 tons. The previous L2H2 models will in future be 100 mm higher, the L3H3 150 mm higher. This results in a maximum load volume of over 17 m³ in the future. The higher payloads and cargo volumes were necessary because this generation is a global car that will replace the Ford E series in North America and will be offered as the Ford Transit (North America) / T series . The 3.2-liter common rail injection Ford Duratorq Power Stroke diesel engine with 147 kW is also adopted from this as the top engine . Contrary to original announcements, sales in Europe will not start until 2014. The Transit for the European market will be built in Gölcük (Turkey) by Ford Otosan Kocaeli.

In 2019 the Transit got a facelift which consists of a new front, dashboard and steering wheel. Nothing has changed in the engine range.

Related models

Ford A-Series (1972–1982)

Larger commercial vehicle with higher payloads, more powerful engines and the driver's cab of the 2nd generation Transit, but already with 3rd generation design elements. After the discontinuation of the series, most of the variants will be included in the Transit range.

Ford Transit model family

In 2002, Ford began using the name Transit for more than just one model with the introduction of the Ford Transit Connect . A model family was created that includes three other models in addition to the Ford Transit . Courier , Connect and Custom are - depending on the year of construction - available as Transit and Tourneo . As Transit commercial vehicles are referred to as Tourneo the passenger vehicles.

Courier

The Transit Courier, a panel van with truck registration, and the Tourneo Courier, a minibus with car registration, are high-roof station wagons in the small car class that Ford has developed as a city delivery van on its own platform. The Transit Courier only shares the name with the Transit.

Connect

The Transit Connect, a van with truck registration, and the Tourneo Connect, a minibus with car registration, are high-roof station wagons in the compact car class that Ford has developed as an urban delivery van on its own platform. The Transit Connect also only shares the name with the Transit.

Custom

The technology and design of the Ford Transit Custom, a van and the Ford Tourneo Custom, a minibus, are partly derived from the Transit of the 7th.

  • Ford Tourneo Courier

  • Ford Tourneo Connect

  • Ford Tourneo Custom

Trivia

Asquith (recorded in Belgium 2002)
  • In December 1982 the British company Asquith began converting Ford Transits into Asquith "Vintage" vans. Small series as buses (from and up to 8 seats), vans, hearses and flatbeds have been on Iveco chassis again since 2004.
  • The Olsen Gang drove in her last movie a Ford Transit Year 1986 (fourth generation).
  • JaguarSport , a joint venture established between Jaguar and TWR for the production of racing vehicles and commissioned with the development of the Jaguar XJ220 , used a Transit '86 built in 1989 that had previously served as a parts transporter for the collaboration between TWR and Benetton's Formula 1 team , to set up this as a test vehicle for the drive of the Jaguar XJ220. For this purpose, the engine was the XJ220 and the transaxle - powertrain installed on a sub-frame in transit. The rest of the vehicle remained in its original condition, including the front axle. The driving performance of the XJ220-Transit with the registration number G134XVX was allegedly in less than 5 seconds from 0 to 100 km / h or in around 10 seconds from 0 to 100 mph (160 km / h), the top speed should be around 171 mph ( 295 km / h).

Web links

Commons : Ford Transit  - Collection of pictures, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ 40 years Ford TransitHappy Birthday, old Cologne! Focus online, July 22, 2005
  2. ^ Ford moves (Ed. Ford Werke AG), Delius Klasing Verlag, Bielefeld, 2000, p. 62
  3. ^ Ford moves (Ed. Ford Werke AG), Delius Klasing Verlag, Bielefeld, 2000, p. 63
  4. ↑ 江铃 汽车 股份有限公司 - 产品 展厅. JMC.com.cn, archived from the original on December 29, 2005 ; Retrieved July 25, 2010 .
  5. ↑ Ford builds a seven-seater Transit XXL - it doesn't get any bigger ( Memento from January 21, 2007 in the Internet Archive ) at de.cars.yahoo.com
  6. ↑ Study Ford Transit XXL - Make two out of two ( memento from October 25, 2007 in the Internet Archive ) at autobild.de
  7. ↑ http://www.eurotransport.de/news/ford-nutzfahrzeugechef-bernhard-schmitz-ich-freue-mich-auf-das-was-kom-539918.html
  8. ↑ Ford Transit from 2014 , verkehrsrundschau.de
  9. ↑ The XJ220 - Jaguar's Biggest Turbo Flop , Die Welt
  10. ↑ XJ220 Transit Van ( Memento of the original from October 2, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , Great British Sports Cars @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.greatbritishsportscars.net
  11. ↑ Ford Transit meets Jaguar XJ220. Hilarious results , crankandpiston.com