Ford Zetec

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The name Zetec was used by Ford for various in-line four-cylinder engine series with 1.0 to 2.0 liter displacement and different power levels. In addition, an equipment line of Ford vehicles bears the same name in different countries.

Two 3.5-liter V8 and 3.0-liter V10 engines developed by Cosworth on behalf of Ford in the Formula 1 World Championship also bore the name Zetec, although these engines were completely in-house developments. With such an engine Michael Schumacher won his first world championship title in 1994 in the Benetton B194 .

Surname

At the end of the 1980s, various cylinder head concepts were developed in Ford engine development, which were designated with Greek letters. The Zeta type finally prevailed for series production. However, since a lawsuit was to be expected from the Italian automobile manufacturer Lancia (Lancia built a car with the name Zeta and held the naming rights), the engine was renamed Zetec, a combination of Ze ta and Tec hnology.

The name was also intended to underline the technical requirements with 16 valves and two overhead camshafts. In 2002 Ford began to gradually rename its gasoline engines to " Ford Duratec " for marketing reasons . With the introduction of the second Focus series in 2004, the name Zetec disappeared as an engine designation. The equipment lines such as Zetec or Zetec-S are still used in some markets.

The name Zetec was used by Ford for three different types of gasoline engines. This is easily confusing as these engines don't have much in common.

Motor types

The name Zetec was used for the following engines:

Surname Type Displacement Construction year Valve control
Zetec / Zetec-E Ford Zeta 1.6 L (1597 cm³)
1.8 L (1796 cm³)
2.0 L (1988 cm³)		 1992-2004 DOHC , timing belt
Zetec-SE Ford Sigma 1.25 L (1242 cm³)
1.4 L (1388 cm³)
1.6 L (1596 cm³)
1.7 L (1679 cm³)		 1995-2018 DOHC, timing belt
Zetec-Rocam 1.0 L (999 cm³)
1.3 L (1297 cm³)
1.6 L (1597 cm³)		 2000-2008 (Europe) SOHC , timing chain

Zeta family

Zetec-E 1.8 16V in a Mondeo

In 1992 the Zetec DOHC-16V engine was introduced. The engine was intended to replace part of the CVH and OHC / DOHC engines. The engine block is still based on the CVH, the cylinder head has been redeveloped. The motor 16 has valves, two overhead camshafts , hydraulic ram (from 1999 mechanical), a one-piece light-metal cylinder head, a gray cast iron engine block and an oil pan made of aluminum . The camshafts are driven by a toothed belt, the alternator , water pump and servo pump are driven by a ribbed belt.

Initially, the engine was offered with 1.6 and 1.8 liter displacement in the Escort and Fiesta models, with the introduction of the new Mondeo in 1993 the engine was also available with 2.0 liter displacement.

In 1995 there were small technical revisions, from then on the engine was called Zetec-E.

With the introduction of the new Focus in 1998, there were extensive changes to the engine. The engine block and oil pan have been redesigned to reduce noise and vibration. Mechanical valve lifters with adjusting plates were used again, the connecting rods were lengthened, and lower pistons were used in return.

This engine was also used in the first Focus RS . The 2.0-liter turbocharged engine developed 158 kW (215 hp), and the designation on the valve cover was already Duratec RS .

For the Focus ST170 , the 2.0-liter engine was equipped with intake camshaft adjustment , a special manifold , a variable intake manifold and a cylinder head redesigned by Cosworth . With minor changes to the engine block, the Zetec-R, labeled Duratec ST , developed 127 kW (173 hp).

The individual engine types can be distinguished relatively easily on the valve cover. The first Zetecs have a silver lid with the designation "DOHC16V" on the lower left, the Zetec-E there is labeled "ZETEC16V". From the introduction of the Focus, the Zetec will have a black plastic lid and is therefore colloquially known as the “Blacktop”, especially in Great Britain.

The engine was and is used by manufacturers of kit cars and small series manufacturers. The Zetec can be found in Donkervoort D8 or Westfield SE .

The Zeta engine family was built from 1991 to the end of 2004. It was largely replaced by the Mazda MZR- based Duratec-HE , the smaller performance classes were replaced by the Zetec-SE .

Sigma family

The Zetec-SE (also labeled Zetec-S ) was developed in collaboration with Yamaha . The design of the engine is fundamentally different from that of the Zeta family. Compared to the Zeta, the inlet and outlet sides are reversed, the engine block and cylinder head are made of light metal. Otherwise it is also a four-cylinder gasoline engine with 16 valves with two overhead camshafts that are driven by a toothed belt . The engine was introduced in 1996 with the introduction of the new Ford Fiesta and was initially available with 1.25 and 1.4 liter displacement. With the introduction of the Ford Puma , the engine range was expanded by 1.6 and 1.7 liter displacement.

The 1.7-liter version developed 92 kW (125 PS) and was only available in the Puma. It has a revised intake tract made of light metal and a camshaft adjustment . An electrically controlled, hydraulic adjustment unit rotates the intake camshaft and thus achieves high torque output over the entire speed range. Furthermore, the engine has an internal exhaust gas recirculation, so that there is no need for an external EGR system. The arrangement of the valve adjusting disks was also new. In order to keep the accelerated masses of the valve train as low as possible, these are arranged below the bucket tappets and can therefore be smaller.

The engines with 1.25 to 1.6 liters displacement were also offered in the Ford Focus , Ford Fusion and Mazda 121 .

From 2002 the engines were labeled with Duratec and also used in the Ford B-MAX , Ford C-MAX and the Ford Mondeo .

From 2004, the 1.6-liter version was the first Ford engine to be equipped with two independently adjustable camshafts ( Ti-VCT , Twin independent variable camshaft timing).

The 1.6-liter Ti-VCT engine was also offered ex works as a flexifuel variant in Focus. This engine can be operated with commercial gasoline as well as with ethanol fuel (E85). The engine and the engine control are specially designed for operation with ethanol, any mixture ratio between gasoline and ethanol is possible. Only one fuel tank is used, the mixing ratio is determined by sensors. This engine replaced the 1.8 liter Duratec flexifuel. The 2.0 liter Duratec Flexifuel was offered for the Mondeo , S-Max and Galaxy .

The engine was also often used in racing, for example in the Ford Puma Cup , the Ford Fiesta ST Cup , in various formula series, as a Super 1600 engine and in amateur sports.

With the phasing out of the seventh model series of the Ford Fiesta and the third model series of the Ford Focus , the Zetec SE engines were replaced by the new turbocharged EcoBoost engines and newly developed three-cylinder naturally aspirated engines. The Zetec-SE served as the development basis for the EcoBoost engine.

Zetec-Rocam

Ford Brazil developed a cheaper version of the Zetec-S in 2000. It has an overhead camshaft driven by a timing chain and eight valves that are operated via roller rocker arms ( Rocam rollerfinger camshaft). The cylinder head is made of light metal, the engine block is made of gray cast iron. This engine ran much rougher and louder than the Zetec-S, but the maximum torque was higher. The engine block is based on that of the Kent engine introduced in 1959 .

In South America, the engine is still offered in various versions with a displacement of 1.0 to 1.6 liters. In 2002 the engine was introduced in Europe with a displacement of 1.3 liters and named Duratec 8V . It was available at the Ka and Fiesta '02. A 1.6-liter variant was later available for the SportKa and Streetka . With the expiry of the model generations in 2008, the sale of these engines in Europe ended. Ford produced the European versions of the engine in South Africa.

Zetec as an equipment variant

The name Zetec has also been available as an equipment variant in Great Britain since 1998 , where it replaced the Si variant . Zetec usually refers to the sportier variants, but these vehicles do not necessarily have a Zetec engine installed. Vehicles powered by a diesel engine are also offered as Zetecs. After the end of the name Zetec as an engine designation, the Ford equipment variant is still used in Great Britain.

Use (Europe)

Zeta
designation Displacement power Ka Streetka Fiesta fusion puma Escort Focus Mondeo Cougar Connect
1.6 16V 1,597 cc 65 kW / 88 PS X X X
1.6 16V 1,597 cc 66 kW / 90 PS X X X
1.6 16V 1,597 cc 70 kW / 95 PS X
1.8 16V 1,796 cc 77 kW / 105 PS X X
1.8 16V 1,796 cc 82 kW / 112 PS X
1.8 16V 1,796 cc 85 kW / 115 PS X X X
1.8 16V 1,796 cc 96 kW / 130 PS X X
2.0 16V 1,988 cc 85 kW / 115 PS X
2.0 16V 1,988 cc 96 kW / 130 PS X X X
2.0 16V 1,988 cc 100 kW / 136 PS X 1
2.0 16V 1,988 cc 105 kW / 143 PS X 2
2.0 Duratec ST 1,988 cc 127 kW / 173 PS X
2.0 Duratec RS 1,988 cc 158 kW / 215 PS X
Sigma
designation Displacement power Ka Streetka Fiesta fusion puma Escort Focus Mondeo Cougar Connect
1.25 16V 1,242 cc 55 kW / 75 PS X X
1.4 16V 1,388 cc 55 kW / 75 PS X
1.4 16V 1,388 cc 66 kW / 90 PS X X
1.6 16V 1,596 cc 74 kW / 101 PS X X
1.6 16V 1,596 cc 76 kW / 103 PS X X
1.7 16V 1,679 cc 92 kW / 125 PS X
1.7 16V 1,679 cc 115 kW / 155 PS X 3
Duratec for other variants see Ford Duratec
Zetec Rocam
designation Displacement power Ka Streetka Fiesta fusion puma Escort Focus Mondeo Cougar Connect
Duratec 1.3 8V 1,299 cm³ 44 kW / 60 PS X X X
Duratec 1.3 8V 1,299 cm³ 51 kW / 69 PS X X X
Duratec 1.6 8V 1,599 cc 70 kW / 95 PS X X
1 As all-wheel drive: 97 kW / 132 PS
2With modified air intake, only in A and CH as Mondeo RS
3Limited special edition Ford Racing Puma , only in UK

Some of the engines in the Sigma series will continue to be marketed by Ford as Duratec .

Zetec S3 DISI

2001 on the IAA in Frankfurt a Zetec S3 DISI ( D irect I njection S park I gnition translated: direct injection with electric ignition) called motor prototype presented to the public. It was a three-cylinder gasoline engine with a displacement of 1.1 liters, which was supposed to produce 81 kW (110 hp) by means of turbocharging and direct gasoline injection . The fuel consumption should be 15 to 30 percent less than that of the 1.8 liter engine with similar power. This engine was never launched on the market, however, as the surcharge calculated for the engine and gearbox of 4500 DM (~ 2,300  euros , based on today's value 5,800 euros) were not considered marketable. The new EcoBoost engine with a displacement of 1.0 liters has been available since 2012 . When the three-cylinder was launched with turbocharging and direct injection, it developed 74 kW (100 hp) or 92 kW (125 hp). With a consumption of 4.8 liters / 100 km in the Ford Focus, it was the most economical gasoline engine in the compact class to date .

Formula 1 engines

Michael Schumacher's Benetton B194 powered by a Zetec-R eight-cylinder (EC)
Sauber C14 with Zetec-R eight-cylinder (ECA, 1995)
Stewart SF01 with Zetec-R ten-cylinder engine (1997)

Under the name Zetec-R , different eight and ten-cylinder engines were used by various teams in the Formula 1 World Championship between 1994 and 2001 . These engines were pure motorsport engines that were completely redeveloped by Cosworth. They were not technically related to the Zetec engine family.

Eight-cylinder engines

The Zetec-R eight-cylinder engines were used in the Formula 1 World Championship from 1994 to 1997. In the original version they had the in-house designation Cosworth EC and they had a displacement of 3.5 liters. It was Cosworth's works engine and was exclusively available to Benetton, while all other customers received outdated Cosworth HB engines that were technically independent. A change in the regulations made it necessary to reduce the displacement to 3.0 liters in 1995. This version, known in- house as Cosworth ECA , was officially marketed again as Zetec-R. In 1995 it was again the most powerful Cosworth engine, which stood out from the simpler and more cost-effective customer engines of the Cosworth ED type .

The Zetec-R engine was used by the following teams:

Ten cylinder engines

The Zetec R ten-cylinder engines also came from Cosworth and were initially developed there under the name Cosworth JD . After their debut season in 1996, they received a makeover and were referred to as Cosworth VJ in subsequent years . These motors were used for:

  • 1996 : clean
  • 1997 : Stewart
  • 1998 : Stewart (further developed version), Minardi and Tyrrell (each with development status 1997).
  • 1999 : Minardi (development status 1998)
  • 2000 : Minardi, under the name "Fondmetal 3.0 V10" (development status 1998)
  • 2001 : Minardi, under the name "European V10" (development status 1998)

literature

  • All you need to know about ... NA ZETEC In: fastford, June 2012 edition; Future Publishing Ltd., Bath, UK; Pp. 106–110 ( English )
  • All you need to know about ... ZETEC SE In: fastford, December 2012 edition; Future Publishing Ltd., Bath, UK; Pp. 102–106 ( English )

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ The figure was based on the template: Inflation was determined, has been rounded to a full 100 euros and refers to the previous calendar year at most