Cerveteri

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Cerveteri
coat of arms
Cerveteri (Italy)
Cerveteri
Country Italy
region Lazio
Metropolitan city Rome  (RM)
Coordinates 42 ° 0 ′  N , 12 ° 6 ′  E Coordinates: 41 ° 59 ′ 54 "  N , 12 ° 6 ′ 0"  E
height 81  m slm
surface 134 km²
Residents 38,249 (Dec. 31, 2019)
Population density 285 inhabitants / km²
Factions Sasso , Ceri , Valcanneto, Marina di Cerveteri ( Cerenova e Campo di mare), San Martino, I Terzi, Due Casette
Post Code 00052
prefix 06
ISTAT number 058029
Popular name Cerveterani (dialect: Cervetrani)
Patron saint St. Michael the Archangel
Website Cerveteri
Castello Ruspoli
Castello Ruspoli

Cerveteri [ʧer'vɛ: teri] is a city ( città ) in the metropolitan area of ​​Rome in the central Italian region of Latium . It has 38,249 inhabitants (as of December 31, 2019).

geography

Location of Cerveteri in the province of Rome

Cerveteri lies 42 km west of Rome between the Sabatine Mountains and the Tyrrhenian Sea . The hilly landscape in the municipality is named after the town of Colli Ceriti . The old town is located on a terrace above the coastal plain 7 km from the coast. The municipality extends over a height of 0 to 482  m slm

The municipality includes the districts of Campo di Mare, Cerenova and Furbara by the sea, as well as Borgo San Martino, Casetta Mattei, Ceri , Cerqueto, Due Casette, I Terzi, Procoio, Sasso and Valcanneto inland.

The community is located in earthquake zone 3 (little risk).

The neighboring municipalities are clockwise: Santa Marinella , Tolfa , Bracciano , Anguillara Sabazia , Fiumicino and Ladispoli .

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history

Cerveteri is an Etruscan foundation and in ancient times was called ( Latin ) Caere , ( Etruscan ) Kaisrie , Kaire , Caisra or Cisra and has been inhabited since the time of the Villanova culture (written on the Pyrgi-Bilingue phoeniz. Kjsrj ). The Greeks called the city Agylla in an unclear etymology . Caere was one of the most important cities of the Etruscans, a trading metropolis on the Tyrrhenian Sea with three ports and a member of the League of Twelve Cities with close ties to Greece . The city's heyday was in the 7th and 6th centuries BC. BC, in the early 5th century BC The decline began both economically and culturally. In 353 BC Caere was subjugated by the Romans . From then on, the history of Caere was closely linked to Rome.

In the Middle Ages, after raids by the Saracens and because of the spreading malaria , the inhabitants of the city moved to the more defensible Caere Novus , today Ceri, 9 km away. It was not until the 17th century that the place now known as Caere Vetus was repopulated.

Population development

year 1871 1881 1901 1921 1936 1951 1971 1991 2001 2011
Residents 383 574 970 1,873 2,707 4,244 9,025 20,625 26,772 35,328

Source: ISTAT

politics

Alessio Pascucci ( Italia in comune ) was in the runoff on 20./21. Elected Mayor in May 2012. He defeated Angelo Galli ( PdL ) with 61.4%. He was confirmed in office on June 11, 2017 with 65.4 5. Pascucci's center-left coalition also has the majority in the local council with 15 out of 24 seats.

Mayor of Cerveteri:

  • 2003-2007: Antonio Brazzotti ( DS )
  • 2007–2008: Raffaele Bonanno, acting mayor
  • 2008–2011: Gino Ciogli ( PD )
  • 2011–2012: Giuliana Giaquinto, acting mayor
  • since 2012: Alessio Pascucci ( Italia in comune )

coat of arms

A three-headed doe in natural colors on a blue shield . She carries a golden lance with a red flag with the golden letters C and C. The three-headed animal goes back to a relief that was found in the Banditaccia necropolis. The city colors are red and yellow.

Twin cities

Attractions

Banditaccia, spouse's sarcophagus (now in Villa Giulia )
Banditaccia, tumulus
Banditaccia, entrance to a burial chamber
Banditaccia necropolis, burial chamber

Cerveteri was one of the most important Etruscan cities. In its heyday, the export of iron ore quickly made the place one of the largest and most populous coastal cities in southern Etruria . Only Tarquinia could measure up to his power . Ancient Caere was more than 15 times the size of today. Until the end of the republic in Rome it was considered right to study in the old Etruscan city of Caere to complete the education, which probably lives on in the concept of the 'ceremony'.

The connection to Greece is particularly evident in the design of the graves. But there were also clear cultural differences. The graves z. B. was of importance in Etruria that it never had in Greece.

The Etruscan round tombs have been known since the 7th century. It is in them that most of what has been preserved as Etruscan art has been found. “In the arts and crafts, Etruscan art has been under oriental influence since the 7th century. In addition to the import of genuine Phoenician, Assyrian and Egyptian objects, there are also local imitations. Soon this influence was replaced by the Greek, which remained dominant until the end of Etruscan art. The Etruscan art is therefore best to be interpreted as a provincial offshoot of the Greek. "

The early history of the city of Rome was clearly dominated by the Etruscans and later, when the Romans had become independent and powerful, they wanted to erase the memory of the Etruscans as much as possible and destroyed everything on the Etruscan buildings that was made of wood. That is why only those things that were made of stone have survived from Etruscan architecture, such as the city walls in some Tuscan cities such as Cortona.

The typical entrance to an Etruscan barrow consists of stone blocks stacked one on top of the other and gradually shifted inward, ending in a ceiling slab. Such a tumulus grave was carved out of the standing tufa of a small hill in the beginning, then covered with earth and planted. Such graves were later built from stone.

Cerveteri was undoubtedly the richest, most powerful and busiest of all the seaside towns in Etruria. The names of the Tyrrhenian and Adriatic Seas are of Etruscan origin. Hunting, fishing, and shipping were the favorite pastimes of its residents. The height of urban development was between the 7th and 5th centuries, when Cerveteri had about 100,000 inhabitants.

The Etruscans have become famous in the history of art for the production of bronze works - e.g. B. the Capitoline Wolf and the so-called "Brutus" in the Capitoline Museums in Rome. Their most independent invention, however, are their large round graves, of which the most important group is here in Cerveteri. They are sometimes so close together that only one passage between them remains free.

Several family graves with separate entrances could be gathered in such a burial mound. When entering, steps are taken to lead you down. With this measure one gained more space for the burial chambers in the standing stone.

The cities of the Etruscans were built entirely of wood, including most of the temples and aristocratic palaces. Only the foundations of the temples and the secular buildings, the fortifications - and the graves were made of stone. In mountainous areas these houses of the dead were chiseled out of the rock, in flat areas the stone burial chambers were covered with earth so that they formed a hill.

In front of the entrance there was an uncut stone pillar for the man, a small triangular stone house for a female corpse. In this way one could read the number and type of buried corpses from the symbols.

Not all entrances to the graves are at ground level. There are also entrances that have not yet been properly exposed. Not all graves have been found and not all graves have been found accessible to the public. In this area as well as in others where Etruscan tombs are suspected, unofficial, one could also say criminal attempts to find such graves, to plunder and sell their treasures, flourish. These today's grave robbers are called in Italian "Tombarolo". Some of their looted property is - as we have known recently [1996] - auctioned off without hesitation in the Sotheby’s store in London . The Getty Museum in California has also got a bad reputation here - at least since 2005.

Since it is not possible to constantly monitor all these scattered places of former Etruscan settlements in the Italian landscape, some people have specialized in finding and robbing these undiscovered graves with high-quality search equipment.

Since 2004, the necropolis belong to the world heritage of UNESCO .

Important tombs
  • Tomb of the capitals (Tomba dei Capitelli), mid-6th century
  • Tomb of the Shields and Chairs (Tomba degli Scudi e delle Sedie), mid-6th century
  • Tomb of the Painted Lions (Tomba dei Leoni dipinti), around 620.
  • Tomb of the Reliefs (Tomba dei Rilievi), 4th – 2nd c. century
  • Tomb of the Sea Waves (Tomba delle Onde Marine), 4th – 3rd centuries century
  • Tomb of the Alcove (Tomba dell'Alcova), 4th – 3rd centuries century
  • Cube graves, second half of the 6th century
  • Rock graves, 4th – 3rd centuries century
  • Necropolises with tumulus graves from the city's heyday and cube graves from later times; inside the graves are designed like furnished houses; including or from it:
  • the Tomba Regolini-Galassi with rich gold finds from the middle of the 7th century;
  • the "married couple sarcophagi" from the 6th century BC BC (one is in the Louvre in Paris , a second in the Villa Giulia in Rome);
  • Clay plates called Buccheros from the 6th century BC. As wall cladding;
  • Etruscan terracotta sculpture ;
  • Pottery probably from Eastern Ionia but also from our own production (" Caeretaner Hydrien " from the late 6th century); such as
  • the Tomba dei Rilievi (relief grave) from around 300 BC In which the household items are reproduced in stucco .
  • In the Museo Nazionale Archeologico Cerite in the former fort, parts of the finds from the Etruscan period are exhibited.

economy

Cerveteri is an agricultural center. Viticulture is important with the production of the DOC wine Cerveteri .

People with a relationship to the city

  • Giuliano Gemma lived in Cerveteri until his death. He died here in a car accident on October 1, 2013

Others

During the Second World War, there were two military airfields near Cerveteri . The small military airfield Furbara is still active and is used by a special unit of the Italian Air Force. At the former Cerveteri-Ladispoli airfield ( ⊙ ), the AISE intelligence service maintains a system for monitoring satellite communications.

literature

References and comments

  1. ↑ Statistiche demografiche ISTAT. Monthly population statistics of the Istituto Nazionale di Statistica , as of December 31 of 2019.
  2. ^ Italian civil defense
  3. ↑ Statistiche demografiche ISTAT . Population statistics from the Istituto Nazionale di Statistica, as of December 31, 2011.
  4. ^ Information from the Ministry of the Interior , accessed on July 28, 2019
  5. ^ Homepage of the municipality, on the use of the coat of arms , accessed on May 26, 2012.
  6. ^ Homepage of the community , accessed on May 26, 2012.
  7. ↑ Nikolaus Pevsner , John Fleming, Hugh Honor (ed.): Lexikon der Weltarchitektur. Prestel, Munich 1971, ISBN 3-7913-0319-8 , p. 156.
  8. ↑ Hannsferdinand Döbler: Magic, Myth, Religion (= cultural and moral history of the world. Vol. 9). Bertelsmann, Munich / Gütersloh / Vienna 1972, ISBN 3-570-06989-0 , p. 60.
  9. ↑ www.summagallicana.it , accessed June 2, 2012.
  10. ↑ Alessandra Vitali: Addio Giuliano Gemma. La Repubblica , October 3, 2013, accessed October 3, 2013 .
  11. ↑ A Cerveteri il "Grande Fratello" d'Italia. panorama.it, July 12, 2013

Web links

Commons : Cerveteri  - collection of images, videos and audio files