Bracciano

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Bracciano
coat of arms
Bracciano (Italy)
Bracciano
Country Italy
region Lazio
Metropolitan city Rome  (RM)
Coordinates 42 ° 6 '  N , 12 ° 11'  E Coordinates: 42 ° 6 '13 "  N , 12 ° 10' 32"  E
height 280  m slm
surface 142 km²
Residents 18,897 (Dec. 31, 2019)
Population density 133 inhabitants / km²
Post Code 00062
prefix 06
ISTAT number 058013
Popular name Braccianesi
Patron saint St. Sebastian
Website Bracciano
Bracciano
Bracciano

Bracciano (pronunciation: brat͡ʃano ) is an Italian city in the metropolitan city of Rome in the Lazio region with 18,897 inhabitants (as of December 31, 2019).

geography

Location of Bracciano in the province of Rome

Bracciano is 38 km northwest of Rome and 49 km east of Civitavecchia . The old town is located above the Bracciano lake named after the place , the western part of which belongs to the municipality. The old town surrounds the castle, which was built in a dominant position. Below the old town is the Lungolago district on the lake shore, with tourist facilities and a landing stage for shipping. The districts of Vigna Grande and Vicarello are also located on the lake shore. The districts of Pisciarelli, Castel Giuliano, Sambuco and Vigna di Valle are located in the hill country south and southwest of the old town. The municipal area extends over a height of 125 to 530  m slm

The neighboring municipalities are clockwise: Trevignano Romano , Anguillara Sabazia , Cerveteri , Tolfa , Manziana , Oriolo Romano ( VT ), Bassano Romano (VT) and Sutri (VT).

geology

Bracciano is located in the former volcanically active area of ​​the Vulcano Sabatino in the Sabatine Mountains . Lake Bracciano fills a caldera that was created by the collapse of underground magma chambers. Numerous thermal springs and gas leaks in the area are a reminder of the volcanic past .

The community is located in earthquake zone 3 (little endangered).

traffic

  • SS493 Bracciano is on the SS 493 Claudia Braccianese state road that leads to Rome.
  • FL3The Bracciano and Vigna di Valle stations are part of the FL3 Rome-Viterbo regional line .
  • airportThe nearest international airport, Rome Fiumicino, is 49 km away.

history

Early days

Orsini-Odescalchi Castle

Bracciano is known for the discovery of an early Neolithic dugout canoe in La Marmotta, which dates back to the Cardial culture . Bracciano can be regarded as the successor to the Roman city of Forum Clodii , which lay further north on the Via Clodia and was abandoned during the Migration Period .

Middle Ages and Modern Times

With the name Brachianum , a successor place was first mentioned in the late 11th century. From 1234 it belonged to the prefect of Vico, who converted an older complex into a castle. In 1419 Pope Martin V transferred this to the Orsini family , who owned it for a long time. Pope Pius V raised the place and the surrounding area to a duchy for the local line of the family in 1560. However, a criminal offense darkened the reputation of the Orsini of Bracciano: In 1576, Paolo Giordano murdered his wife Isabella de 'Medici , daughter of Cosimo I de' Medici , the Grand Duke of Tuscany , allegedly for adultery; Moreover, he left in 1583 his beloved Vittoria Accorambuoni because of their husband, a nephew of the late Pope Sixtus V , to kill. He tried to escape the vengeance of the Pope, elected in 1585, but he himself and his second wife were murdered in exile in 1585 in Salò, Venice, on Lake Garda, by his relative Ludovico Orsini.

His son Virginio (1572–1615) distinguished himself militarily and diplomatically because he commanded the Tuscan troops in the Turkish War of Emperor Rudolf II in 1594; he also became a Knight of the Order of the Golden Fleece and Grandee of Spain . He later worked as an advisor to his relatives, the Queen of France, Maria de 'Medici , as her husband Henry IV. Was murdered in 1610 and they reigned over their son Louis XIII. exercised.

His sons followed him as dukes, first Giordano II until 1656, who proved his generosity between 1626 and 1630 by financing the printing of a scientific work, the “Rosa Ursina” of the Jesuit father Rosa Ursina sive Sol, who came from a village came near the Swabian Türkheim . The second son, Ferdinando, died four years after his brother in 1660. In 1696 the Orsini were forced to sell the castle due to enormous debts: Flavio, the last Orsini Duke, forcibly sold it for 386,000 Scudi to those from northern Italy Descending family Odescalchi ; with him also died out this Orsini line in 1698. The head of the new owners was Pope Innocent XI. been. Between 1803 and 1848 the castle and town were owned by the nouveau riche Torlonia banking family , but they were bought back by the Odescalchi, who still own the castle today.

Population development

year 1871 1881 1901 1921 1936 1951 1971 1991 2001 2011
Residents 2,527 3,161 3,798 5,453 5,319 7.123 9,449 11,160 13,436 18,549

Source: ISTAT

politics

Giuliano Sala ( PD ) was elected mayor in May 2007 and confirmed in office in May 2012. His center-left alliance also has the majority in the municipal council with 11 out of 16 seats. In the parliamentary elections in 2008 , the center-right alliance of the PdL in Bracciano received 48% and the center-left alliance of the PD 38%. In the 2013 parliamentary elections , the center-right alliance of the PdL in Bracciano received 28.06%, the center-left alliance of the PD 27.07% and the MoVimento 5 Stelle received 31.94%.

Mayor of Bracciano:

  • 2002–2006: Enzo Negri ( Casa delle Libertà )
  • 2006–2007: Patrizia Riccioni, deputy mayor after the death of Negri
  • since 2007: Giuliano Sala (PD)
Bracciano sign

coat of arms

The coat of arms shows an outstretched arm with a red rose. The arm stands as a talking coat of arms for braccio = arm. The rose is the symbol of the Orsini.

Community partnerships

Bracciano has partnerships with the following cities and municipalities:

Important structures

Castle

The Castello Orsini-Odescalchi is particularly impressive . On a tour of the castle wall, you can see not only the city of Bracciano itself, but also the lake. Inside there are several frescoed rooms, and Roman statues are placed in the courtyard. The castle embodied the prototype of a late medieval fortress in many of the so-called coat-and-sword films from earlier years. It dominates the historic city center with its almost completely preserved fortification wall from the Renaissance period . Within this fortification, the castle represents the northern center. A considerable part is in the southeast of the Bastione della Sentinella with a spur-like shape, from which a particularly wide view of the lake opens up. The bastion was completed in 1496 when the place under Gentile Virginio Orsini had to endure a siege by papal troops. In addition, the local wall has five corner fixings projecting as semicircular towers.

The elaborate plan of the castle includes two components, a triangular western with four round towers and a core-like eastern one with two more round towers. Inside there are two courtyards. This state of construction, which still exists today, was created between 1470 and 1490 and transfigured in the late 19th century through a romanticizing restoration. Paolo Giordano I had a regularly arranged new district built in the vicinity of the castle south of the old one next to the parish church. With that, Bracciano slowly expanded beyond the walls of the city center, which is why the baroque city ​​palace was built outside of it in 1630. Of course, it remains to be seen whether the fortress's Renaissance appearance was due to the involvement of the well-known architect Francesco di Giorgio Martini . The castle is now used for events such as weddings and exhibitions.

Santo Stefano
Other structures
  • From the city palace you come to a square where the former monastery of Santa Maria Novella from 1436 stands on the left, the church of which has a facade from 1765. The convent building with its cloister now houses the municipal collections of secular and sacred art objects.
  • The parish church of Santo Stefano was built in the High Middle Ages, but changed several times. The facade dates from 1758, while the outside staircase was added in 1875. The striking bell tower from 1619 shows a high baroque shape. A few years later, in 1638, the church was elevated to the status of a parish, and at the same time a reorientation took place. At that time, S. Stefano replaced the church of S. Clemente, which no longer exists today.
  • In the direction of Trevignano stands the small church of Santa Maria del Riposo, which was possibly completed in 1573 according to a plan by the architect Giacomo Barozzi da Vignola . It has an interior decorated with frescoes. On the southwestern edge of the city follows the Capuchin monastery from 1580.
  • In the district of Pisciarelli, whose name is derived from the Latin word piscis , rises the large church of San Lorenzo with its high facade, which has a colossal baroque order. The small interior is designed in the same style and has three interesting altar paintings.
  • The Vicarello district, about six kilometers away, consists of an estate on both sides of the road that bypasses the lake. The building complex of the former Bagni di Vicarello is out of order today. Here, on the site of an ancient settlement, a number of small art finds were made, which ended up in Roman museums.
  • Between Bracciano and Vicarello is the Romanesque church of San Liberato, in which numerous ancient spolia are built. The site of the ancient city of Forum Clodii is believed to be here.
Military facilities
  • In the Vigna di Valle district, southeast of the center of Bracciano, the Italian Aviation Museum is dedicated to Italian military aviation. It is located directly on Lake Bracciano, which was also used by military and civil seaplanes in the past .
  • To the west of the center of Bracciano, in the Bracciano Due district , on the Via Braccianese Claudia is the Montefinale barracks ( ⊙ ) with the artillery school of the Italian Army . The school has been in Bracciano since 1910.

Customs and culinary specialties

On the feast of Corpus Christi , streets in Bracciano through which the procession passes are decorated with carpets of flowers.

A specialty on the dining table is the eel from Lake Bracciano . It can be prepared in different ways: it can be cooked with bay leaf and vinegar, but it can also be served with a sauce made from anchovies, peppers, spices and vinegar. Eels cut into cubes and placed on skewers with bread and bay leaves are also popular.

More recently, train journeys with steam locomotives to sights in the area have been organized from Rome: The "Trenino della Tuscia" goes to Bracciano, Bagnaia and Vignanello . The regular trains from Bracciano go either to Viterbo or to Roma Ostiense train station .

Personalities

Born in Bracciano
People related to Bracciano

literature

  • Enzo Ramella: Quando i buoi tiravano il carro. L'Agro braccianese ai tempi della meccanizzazione , Tuga, Bracciano 2016, ISBN 978-88-99321-07-9 .
  • Anna Cavallaro, Rosella Siligato, Almamaria Tantillo (eds.): Bracciano e gli Orsini nel '400 (= Il quattrocento a Roma e nel Lazio. Volume 4, ZDB -ID 792661-3 ). DeLuca, Rome 1981.
  • Carla Michelli Giaccone: Bracciano e il suo castello. Palombi, Rome 1990, ISBN 88-7621-310-4 .
  • Lorenza De Maria: Antichità tardoromane e medievali nel territorio di Bracciano. Betagamma, Viterbo 1995, ISBN 88-86210-06-X .
  • Daniel Büchel (ed.): The circles of the nephews. New research on old and new elites in Rome in the early modern period (= Freiburg studies in the early modern period. Volume 5). Lang, Bern et al. 2001, ISBN 3-906766-57-8 .
  • Biancamaria Alberi, Cecilia Sodano, Brigida Mantini (eds.): Il restauro del complesso conventuale di Santa Maria Novella. Le Balze, Montepulciano 2002, ISBN 88-87187-54-1 .
  • Silvia Iannuzzi: Gli affreschi di Taddeo Zuccari nella Rocca di Bracciano. In: Le dimore storiche. Volume 17, 2002, ISSN  1720-1004 , pp. 30-39.
  • Francesca Laura Sigismondi: Lo stato degli Orsini. Statuti e diritto proprio nel Ducato di Bracciano. Con Edizione critica del ms. 162 della Biblioteca del Senato (= Ius nostrum. Volume 29). Viella, Rome 2003, ISBN 88-8334-114-7 .
  • Marcello Selmi: Paolo Giordano Orsini. Un personaggio in cerca d'autore. In: Lazio ieri e oggi. Volume 40, 2004, ZDB -ID 1124791-5 pp. 236-237.
  • Cecilia Sodano, Manuela Di Marcantonio: Le mura di Bracciano. In: Paesaggio urbano. Volume 15, 2006, ISSN  1120-3544 , pp. 54-59.
  • Alessandra Torella (Ed.): "Costumi" a "corte". Le collezioni della Sartoria Farani al Castello Odescalchi di Bracciano. Electa, Milan 2007, ISBN 978-88-370-5174-7 .
  • Thomas Kuehn: Fideicommissum and Family. The Orsini di Bracciano. In: Viator. Volume 39, 2008, ISSN  0083-5897 , pp. 323-341.
  • Cecilia Sodano Cavinato (Ed.): Il museo che comunica. I paramenti sacri. Del Vecchio, Bracciano 2010, ISBN 978-88-6110-060-2 .

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Statistiche demografiche ISTAT. Monthly population statistics of the Istituto Nazionale di Statistica , as of December 31 of 2019.
  2. ↑ Origin of the Vulcano Sabatino  ( page no longer available , search in web archives )@1@ 2Template: Dead Link / www.parcobracciano.it
  3. ^ Italian civil defense
  4. ↑ discovermagazine.com
  5. ^ Election page of the Ministry of the Interior , accessed on June 30, 2012.
  6. ^ Election page of the Ministry of the Interior , accessed on August 3, 2013.

Web links

Commons : Bracciano  - collection of images, videos and audio files