Alberobello

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Alberobello
coat of arms
Alberobello (Italy)
Alberobello
Country Italy
region Apulia
Metropolitan city Bari  (BA)
Coordinates 40 ° 47 '  N , 17 ° 14'  E Coordinates: 40 ° 47 '0 "  N , 17 ° 14' 0"  E
height 428  m slm
surface 40 km²
Residents 10,621 (Dec. 31, 2019)
Population density 266 inhabitants / km²
Factions Coreggia
Post Code 70011
prefix 080
ISTAT number 072003
Popular name Alberobellesi or Selvesi
Patron saint Santi Cosma e Damiano
Website Alberobello
Trulli in Alberobello
Trulli in Alberobello

Alberobello is a city in the metropolitan city of Bari in the Italian region of Apulia . The place enjoys national fame for its trulli - small, mostly white round houses - which were declared a World Heritage Site by UNESCO in 1996 .

geography

The city has 10,621 inhabitants (as of December 31, 2019). It is located about 50 km southeast of Bari and 35 km north of Taranto . The neighboring communities are: Castellana Grotte , Fasano ( BR ), Locorotondo , Martina Franca ( TA ), Monopoli , Mottola ( TA ) and Noci .

history

After Italy entered the war in June 1940, the fascist regime set up an internment camp (campo di concentramento) in Alberobello . The internees were housed in a former agricultural school, the Casa Rossa , located a few kilometers from the town center in the hamlet of Alberto della Croce . From 1940 to 1943 a total of 208 inmates were interned in Alberobello. The first internees - English , Irish , Maltese and Indians - were soon relocated to make way for Italian and foreign Jews, members of the Slavic minorities in the Italian border provinces and Yugoslavs from the areas occupied and annexed by Italy. Anti-fascists were also in the camp. In the summer of 1942 the Jewish internees were transferred to Calabria , to the Ferramonti di Tarsia internment camp . The occupancy peaked in July 1942 with 105 people.

There were latrines and a toilet. Medical care was limited because there was no hospital room. The rooms could not be heated and there was a lack of warm water. When “ex-Yugoslavs” arrived in Alberobello in August 1942, the camp was fenced in with barbed wire. The last internees left Alberobello on September 6, 1943.

Trulli

Trulli from Alberobello
UNESCO world heritage UNESCO World Heritage Emblem
Alberobello BW 2016-10-16 13-43-03.jpg
Trulli in Alberobello
National territory: ItalyItaly Italy
Type: Culture
Criteria : (iii) (iv) (v)
Surface: 10.52 ha
Reference No .: 787
UNESCO region : Europe and North America
History of enrollment
Enrollment: 1996  (session 20)

The city is particularly famous for its cone buildings ( trulli ) (singular trullo), which are based on the model of shepherds' huts in this area. In Alberobello, entire districts are made up of trulli. That is why the place is now part of UNESCO - World Heritage Site , but has lost by the tourist onslaught much of its original charm.

Trulli are not only found in Alberobello itself, but also in the surrounding area, but they are very common in Alberobello. Trulli are mostly round, but also on a rectangular floor plan, painted white buildings with characteristic conical roofs made of limestone slabs, which are layered without mortar in the form of a false vault . In a certain way, this construction resembles the primeval residential buildings of mankind, as can be found in other places around the Mediterranean, e.g. B. in Sardinia in the form of the nuraghi or in southern France as bories .

It is not clearly documented since when these trulli have existed in Apulia. There is a special reason for the widespread use of this type of construction in Alberobello: Giangirolamo II. Acquaviva , as Count of Conversano feudal lord of the area, wanted to avoid a regulation in the Kingdom of Naples in the 17th century , according to which it was forbidden to open new towns without permission to found. This permit cost money.

But now more and more new settlers settled around Alberobello. Girolamo made it an obligation on all of them to stick to the construction of these trulli. These were just as quick to dismantle as to reassemble. And when an imperial control commission was announced, the roofs were dismantled to demonstrate to the collectors that a poor collection of half walls could not be called a new settlement. So no taxes had to be paid. The success of this measure led to an order not to use any mortar at all in Alberobello, and so this design became a tradition.

  • House entrance to a trullo

  • Trullo Sovrano

  • Trullo Sovrano from the inside

  • Street in Alberobello

  • view

Attractions

Sanctuary of Sant'Antonio di Padova

Church of Sant'Antonio di Padova
Crucifix with Christ and mural

The church was built between 1926 and 1927 on the initiative of Bishop Domenico Lancelotti in the Monti district (Rione). From 1945 the church became the second parish church in Alberobello and from 1952 it was led by Guanellians ("Servants of Charity"), a congregation of priests. The uniqueness of the building, which is shaped like a Greek cross , lies in the reproduction of the features of the trulli that surround it. The typical conical roof of the trulli can also be found in the 21 meter high dome and the 18 meter high bell tower.

The main altar consists of a stone monolith made from local limestone. In 1959 the church was enriched with a large almond wood Christ, which stands on the wall in front of the mural The Tree of Redemption . Both works were made by Adolfo Rollo . Faces of various saints are depicted on the fresco . Saint Catherine and Saint Dominic look down from the top left ; they are followed by Saints Elena and Saint Luigi Guanella , the apostles Peter and Paul , Saint Benedict and Saint George , Maria Magdalena and Saint Lucia . The foot of the cross is framed by the Madonna, suffering in love, and the apostle John with gestures of devotion, while Saints Anthony and Francis of Assisi seem to be resting on the edge on their left . A kneeling Adam finds his counterpart in Eve in the same position to the right of the cross. On the far right we find the Saints Cosmas and Damian .

The almond crucifix is ​​guarded by two peacocks, which symbolize eternity, and at the same time forms the trunk of the tree of life with many branches and numerous leaves. Below that we read the Hymen Vexilla regis . The prayer is sung on Good Friday in honor of the Holy Cross, which represents salvation through Christ. Two angels fill the space on both sides of the cross with accentuated horizontally outstretched bodies

The Trullo Church has been a UNESCO World Heritage Site since 1996.

Economy and Transport

The main industry is tourism .

Alberobello has a train station on the Bari – Martina Franca – Taranto line .

Town twinning

Web links

Commons : Alberobello  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Statistiche demografiche ISTAT. Monthly population statistics of the Istituto Nazionale di Statistica , as of December 31 of 2019.
  2. ↑ Carlo Spartaco Capogreco, I Campi del duce. L'internamento civile nell'Italia fascista (1940-1943) , Torino 2004 (Einaudi), pp. 235-236; Klaus Voigt, Refuge on Revocation. Exil in Italien 1933-1945 (Volume 2), Stuttgart 1993 (Klett-Cotta), pp. 59-60; Francesco Terzulli, La casa rossa. Un campo di concentramento ad Alberobello , Milano 2003 (Mursia)
  3. ^ A b Parrocchia Sant´Antonio di Padova: The Trullo of God, An Art-Historical Architectural Guide . aga editrice, Alberobello 2017, p. 10 (Italian).
  4. ↑ Parrocchia Sant'Antonio di Padova, p. 2