Historic center of Rome, the extraterritorial sites of the Holy See in the city and Saint Paul Outside the Walls

Historic center of Rome, the extraterritorial sites of the Holy See in the city and Saint Paul Outside the Walls
UNESCO world heritage
National territory:	Italy Holy See
Type:	Culture
Criteria :	(i) (ii) (iii) (iv) (vi)
Surface:	1,430.8 ha
Reference No .:	91
UNESCO region :	Europe and North America
History of enrollment
Enrollment:	1980  ( session 4 )
Extension:	1990

Historical center of Rome, the extraterritorial sites of the Holy See in the city and Basilica of Saint Paul Outside the Walls is one of the UNESCO -listed site of world heritage in Italy . In 1980 the historic city center of Rome was first added to the World Heritage List. In 1990 the site was expanded to include the extraterritorial possessions of the Holy See in the old town of Rome and the Basilica of Saint Paul Outside the Walls outside the old town .

background

The city of Rome was the capital of the Roman Empire in antiquity , which at the time of its greatest expansion comprised the entire area around the Mediterranean Sea , almost all of Southeastern Europe , Southern Europe and Western Europe and part of the British Isles . Numerous buildings from antiquity, either completely preserved or handed down as ruins, bear witness to the role of the capital of a world empire . Particularly noteworthy are the Roman Forum , the Colosseum , the Arch of Constantine , the Circus Maximus and the early Christian basilicas .

In the Middle Ages , the city became an important place of pilgrimage for Christianity as the site of the graves of apostles and martyrs as well as numerous early Christian sites and, as the seat of the Pope, the capital of the Papal States . The cityscape that still exists today was created especially during the Renaissance and Baroque periods , with streets forming the lines of sight , squares with fountains and obelisks, palaces and churches.

After the dissolution of the Papal States in 1870, the Holy See, as the bishopric of Rome, remained a sovereign subject of international law that could also have its own possessions. Even after the establishment of Vatican City as the successor state to the Papal States, the Holy See is still a separate subject of international law and represents the State of Vatican City externally. The Holy See's possessions outside of Vatican City are known as extraterritorial or extraterritorial possessions . They do not belong to the territory of the Vatican City, but to that of Italy. However, they have a status similar to that of the residences of the diplomatic representatives of foreign states, which are specially protected under international law, and are therefore subject to the control of the Holy See.

registration

The historical center of Rome was entered on the list of UNESCO World Heritage Sites as a cultural heritage site in 1980 based on a resolution of the 4th session of the World Heritage Committee. While Italy only proposed the area within the Aurelian Wall, the World Heritage Committee recommended extending the protection zone in the west to the wall built by Urban VIII. The World Heritage Committee also considered it desirable to include Vatican City as a World Heritage Site and recommended that UNESCO invite the Holy See to sign the World Heritage Convention.

After the Holy See ratified the World Heritage Convention in 1982 and in 1984 Vatican City was included in the World Heritage List as its own World Heritage Site, the World Heritage Site became the Historical Center of Rome in 1990 around the extraterritorial properties of the Holy See in the old town and the Basilica of Saint Paul outside the city walls Walls extended. Even if all parts of the World Heritage site are on Italian territory, it is therefore a transnational World Heritage site with the participation of Italy and the Holy See. In 2015, as part of a small border change, it was decided to expand the historic center to the west up to the Wall of Urban VIII.

The World Heritage site is entered in the World Heritage List under criteria (i), (ii), (iii), (iv) and (vi).

(i): The site contains a number of testimonies of incomparable artistic value, which have been created over almost three millennia: monuments of antiquity, fortifications built over the centuries, urban developments from Renaissance and Baroque to modern times, civil and religious buildings with magnificent Painting, mosaic and sculpture decorations, all created by some of the most famous artists of all time.

(ii): Over the centuries, the works of art found in Rome have decisively influenced the development of urban planning, architecture, technology and art around the world. The achievements of ancient Rome in the fields of architecture, painting and sculpture served as a universal model not only in antiquity, but also in the Renaissance, Baroque and Neoclassical periods. The classical buildings and the churches, palaces and squares of Rome, along with the paintings and sculptures that enrich them, have been an undisputed landmark. In a special way it was Rome where baroque art was born and from where it spread throughout Europe and on other continents.

(iii): The value of the archaeological sites of Rome, the center of the civilization named after the city itself, is recognized worldwide. Rome has preserved an extraordinary number of architectural remains from antiquity, which have always been visible and are still in excellent condition. They are a unique testimony to the different epochs of the development and styles of art, architecture and urban planning that characterize more than a millennium of history.

(iv): The historical center of Rome as a whole as well as its buildings testify to the uninterrupted succession of three millennia of history. The special features of the site are the stratification of architectural languages, the variety of building typologies and the original urban development that blends in harmoniously with the complex morphology of the city.

(vi): For more than two thousand years, Rome was both a secular and a religious capital. As the center of the Roman Empire, which expanded its power to the then known world, the city was the heart of a widespread civilization that found its highest expression in law, language and literature and remains the foundation of Western culture. Rome was also directly linked to the history of the Christian faith from its inception. The Eternal City was a symbol and one of the most venerable destinations of pilgrimages for centuries, thanks to the tombs of the apostles, saints and martyrs and the presence of the Pope, and it remains so to this day.

scope

The world heritage site covers an area of ​​1430.8  ha . Of this, 1,425.47 hectares are in the historical center of Rome, including the extraterritorial properties of the Holy See and 5.33 hectares in the complex of Saint Paul Outside the Walls. The extra-territorial properties of the Holy See (including Saint Paul Outside the Walls), which are part of the World Heritage, cover an area of ​​38.94 hectares.

Ref.No.	designation	location	surface	Remarks	image
91-001	Historical center	Municipio I ( location )	1,425.47 ha	includes the historic city center of Rome within the Aurelian Wall , completed around 280 AD, extended in the west up to the wall built under Urban VIII. 1642–1644 and including the Castel Sant'Angelo .
91-002a	Complex of San Giovanni in Laterano	Piazza di Porta San Giovanni ( location )	7.59 ha	includes the Lateran Basilica , the Lateran Palace and adjacent buildings
91-002b	Scala Santa complex	Piazza di Porta San Giovanni ( location )	1.01 ha	includes the Holy Stairs , the Cappella Sancta Sanctorum , the Cappella di S. Silvestro and the Leonische Triclinium
91-003	Santa Maria Maggiore complex	Piazza di Santa Maria Maggiore ( location )	1.04 ha	includes the Basilica of Santa Maria Maggiore and adjacent buildings
91-004a	Palazzo di San Callisto	Trastevere ( location )	2.14 ha	adjacent to the south of the Church of Santa Maria in Trastevere , seat of the Pontifical Council for the Laity , the Pontifical Council for the Family , the Pontifical Council for Justice and Peace , Caritas Internationalis and a number of other Catholic organizations, part of the Holy See or directly are associated with him.
91-004b	Buildings on Via della Paglia	Trastevere ( location )	0.07 ha	north to the church of Santa Maria in Trastevere adjacent
91-005	Palazzo della Cancelleria	Corso Vittorio Emanuele II ( location )	0.54 ha	Seat of the Apostolic Penitentiary , the Sacra Rota , the Supreme Court of the Apostolic Signature , the Pontifical Academy of Archeology and the Pontifical Academy of Fine Arts and Literature .
91-006	Palazzo di Propaganda Fide	Piazza di Spagna ( location )	0.48 ha	Seat of the Jesuit College in Vatican City , originally the seat of the Congregation for the Propaganda of the Faith ("de Propaganda Fide"),
91-007	Palazzo Maffei Marescotti	Via della Pigna ( location )	0.31 ha	also called Palazzo della Pigna , seat of various Catholic organizations, including the Roman Pilgrimage and the Catholic Action .
91-008	Palazzo dei Convertendi	Via della Conciliazione ( location )	0.53 ha
91-009a	Northern Palazzo detto dei Propilei	Via della Conciliazione ( location )	0.52 ha
91-009b	South Palazzo detto dei Propilei	Via della Conciliazione ( location )	0.36 ha
91-010	Palazzo San Pio X	Via della Conciliazione ( location )	0.65 ha	Seat of the Cor Unum Pontifical Council , the Dicastery for Communications , and the seat of the diplomatic missions of the Republic of China and Canada at the Holy See
91-011	Building on the Gianicolo	Gianicolo ( location )	17.97 ha	includes the Pontifical Urban University , the Pontifical North America College , the Pontifical Ukrainian College , the Romanian Pontifical Pius College and the Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital with the Church of Sant'Onofrio al Gianicolo
91-012	Complex of the Palazzo del Sant'Uffizio	Piazza del Sant'Uffizio ( location )	0.4 ha	In addition to the Palazzo del Sant'Uffizio , the seat of the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith , it also includes the larger part of the audience hall and the grounds of the Campo Santo Teutonico with the German college and the church of Santa Maria della Pietà . Even if the complex is located directly south of St. Peter's Basilica within the walls of the Vatican City, it is still Italian territory and therefore extraterritorial property of the Holy See
91-013	Complex of Saint Paul Outside the Walls	Via Ostiense ( location )	5.33 hectares	includes the Basilica of Saint Paul Outside the Walls and adjacent buildings

literature

• Historic center of Rome, sites of the Holy See in Rome and Basilica of Saint Paul “Outside the Walls” . In: The World Heritage . Frederking & Thaler, Munich 2015, ISBN 978-3-95416-181-2 , pp. 92 .
• Historic center of Rome . In: The UNESCO World Heritage . Kunth Verlag, Munich 2017, ISBN 978-3-95504-413-8 , pp. 248 f .

Web links

Commons : Rome  - collection of pictures, videos and audio files

Commons : Extraterritorial properties of the Holy See  - collection of images, videos and audio files

• Historic center of Rome, the extraterritorial sites of the Holy See in the city and Saint Paul Outside the Walls on the UNESCO World Heritage Center website ( English and French ).

Individual evidence

1. ^ Original name in English: Historic Center of Rome, the Properties of the Holy See in that City Enjoying Extraterritorial Rights and San Paolo Fuori le Mura , in French Center historique de Rome, les biens du Saint-Siège situés dans cette ville bénéficiant des droits d'extra- territorialité et Saint-Paul-hors-les-Murs , German designation according to the World Heritage List. In: www.unesco.de. German UNESCO Commission, accessed April 25, 2018 . 
2. ↑ ^{a b c} Historic Center of Rome, the Properties of the Holy See in that City Enjoying Extraterritorial Rights and San Paolo Fuori le Mura. In: whc.unesco.org. UNESCO World Heritage Center, accessed April 25, 2018 . 
3. ↑ Decision: CONF 016 V.12. In: whc.unesco.org. UNESCO World Heritage Center, 1980, accessed April 25, 2018 . 
4. ↑ Decision: CONF 004 VII.B. In: whc.unesco.org. UNESCO World Heritage Center, 1990, accessed April 25, 2018 . 
5. ↑ Decision: 39 COM 8B.43. In: whc.unesco.org. UNESCO World Heritage Center, 2015, accessed April 25, 2018 . 
6. ^ Historic Center of Rome, the Properties of the Holy See in that City Enjoying Extraterritorial Rights and San Paolo Fuori le Mura. Maps. In: whc.unesco.org. UNESCO World Heritage Center, accessed April 25, 2018 . 
7. ↑ Historic Center of Rome, the Properties of the Holy See in that City Enjoying Extraterritorial Rights and San Paolo Fuori le Mura - inscribed minor boundary modification. (pdf) In: whc.unesco.org. UNESCO World Heritage Center, 2015, accessed April 25, 2018 . 

 Map with all coordinates: OSM | WikiMap