League of Twelve Cities
The Etruscans were politically organized in city-states . Twelve of them joined around 600 BC. BC to form a league of cities , the League of Twelve Cities , which was more religiously oriented and seldom active externally. After the Celts invaded the Po Valley around 380, Etruria did not recover and was gradually assimilated by Rome.
The amount of evidence in artifacts is sparse and archaeologists will continue to do a lot of work in the future. Interpretations therefore remain without final evidence.
After Titus Livius , the Tarchon covenant was introduced. The association of cities included:
| Etruscan | Latin | Italian | location |
|---|---|---|---|
| Aritim | Arretium | Arezzo | |
| Caisra, Cisra | Caere | Cerveteri | |
| Clevsin | Clusium | Chiusi | |
| Curtun | Cortona | Cortona | |
| Persna, Phersna | Perusia | Perugia | |
| Pupluna, Fufluna | Populonia | Populonia | Piombino |
| Tarchna | Tarquinii | Tarquinia | |
| Vei | Veii | Veio | Isola Farnese (Rome) |
| Velathri | Volaterrae | Volterra | |
| Velsna, Velzna | Volsinii Veteres | Orvieto ? | |
| Velch | Volci | Vulci | Montalto di Castro |
| Vetluna, Vatluna | Vetulonia | Vetulonia | Castiglione della Pescaia |
Sometimes Rusel , Latin Rusellae ( Roselle ), is counted as part of the Twelve Cities League. After the destruction of Veii (Veji), Populonia moved up. There were similar alliances in the Etruscan settlement areas in the Po Valley and in Campania .
Important Etruscan cities in the Po Valley were:
- Felsina ( Bologna )
- Arimna ( Rimini )
- Manthva ( Mantua )
- Mutina ( Modena )
- Parma
- Piacenza
- Ravena ( Ravenna )
Important Etruscan cities in Campania were: