Piombino

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Piombino
coat of arms
Piombino (Italy)
Piombino
Country Italy
region Tuscany
province Livorno  (LI)
Coordinates 42 ° 56 '  N , 10 ° 31'  E Coordinates: 42 ° 56 '9 "  N , 10 ° 31' 23"  E
height 21  m slm
surface 129 km²
Residents 33,348 (Dec. 31, 2019)
Population density 259 inhabitants / km²
Post Code 57025
prefix 0565
ISTAT number 049012
Popular name Piombinesi
Patron saint St. Anastasia
(May 8)
Website Piombino
View of Piombino (Porto Antico)
View of Piombino (Porto Antico)

Piombino is a city in the Italian province of Livorno with 33,348 inhabitants (as of December 31, 2019). With its historical elements from the Middle Ages to the modern era, the city center has been almost completely preserved as a whole . Several fortification elements, such as a city gate with a barbican, are partly well preserved. From a distance, however, Piombino makes a modern impression, as a lot of industry has settled there. In particular, the Lucchini ironworks with a coking plant, two blast furnaces (only one of which is active), an oxygen steelworks and various rolling mills, which is conveniently located with its own port directly on the sea, dominates the view.

geography

Location of Piombino in the province of Livorno

Piombino is located on the Gulf of the Tyrrhenian Sea of the same name , opposite the island of Elba . It belongs to the Maremma (Maremma Livornese). To the north of Piombino lie the ruins of the old Etruscan sea trade town of Populonia with port ( Porto Baratti ) on a hill planted with olive trees and steeply sloping towards the sea , while the Maremma extends to the east. In the municipality, the Cornia , which spends 6 of its 49 km in the municipality, flows with both branches ( Cornia canalizzata and Cornia Vecchia ) east of the place into the Tyrrhenian Sea.

The districts include Baratti , Colmata (2 m, approx. 130 inhabitants), Fiorentina (12 m, approx. 90 inhabitants), Populonia , Populonia Stazione (10 m, approx. 250 inhabitants) and Vignale Riotorto (52 m, approx. 1400 inhabitants).

The neighboring municipalities are Campiglia Marittima , Follonica ( GR ), San Vincenzo and Suvereto .

history

The port of Porto Felesia dates back to Roman times . After the destruction of Populonia by the Lombards , the place gained in importance and was equipped with city walls by Pisa in the 12th and 13th centuries. The place was lent together with Elba in 1399 by Duke Gian Galeazzo Visconti of Milan in thanks for Pisa's betrayal to Gherardo Appiano and strengthened by him. Piombino had been the capital of the Principality of Piombino since 1594 , which also comprised a large part of the island of Elba and had 25,000 inhabitants on 360 km². The independent city-state was one of many only regionally significant duodec chiefs alongside Volterra , San Gimignano and many others. After the death of the last prince of the Appiano (1634), the place came to the Boncompagni-Ludovisi family . Napoleon I gave the principality to his sister Elisa Bacciocchi as a French imperial loan in 1805 . The Vienna Congress Act was returned to the Boncompagni-Ludovisi house in 1815. Until 1860 it was under the sovereignty of Tuscany , from 1860 it belonged to the Kingdom of Italy .

In 1881 Piombino had 2763 inhabitants. After that, the population rose steadily due to industrialization and reached its peak in the 1970s when the place had almost 40,000 inhabitants. After the end of the heyday of the steel industry, the population fell slightly and is now around 34,000.

Attractions

Facade of the Duomo of Piombino (Sant'Antimo)
The Castello di Piombino (Fortezza Medicea)
The Palazzo Comunale with the Torre dell'Orologio
  • Piombino Cathedral (Duomo di Piombino, also called Concattedrale di Sant'Antimo ), co- cathedral in the town center. Was created in 1377 at the will of Piero Gambacorti. The mosaic on the facade dates from 1937. The cloister on the right (Chiostro) dates from 1470 and was designed by Andrea di Francesco Guardi. Andrea Guardi also designed the baptismal font with the Appiani coat of arms (1470) and the tombs of Emanuele and Fiammetta Appiano. In addition, the Museo diocesano d'arte sacra Andrea Guardi , which was built in 1997 and is adjacent to the church, is named after him. Here are canvas paintings from the church of Santa Maria della Croce in Populonia Alta ( Trasporto di san Cerbone from the 18th century and Vergine con Bambino from the 14th century). Other works of art in the cathedral are by Francesco Vanni ( Trinità e Santi ) and Italo Orlando Griselli (sculptor, 1880–1958), who left the sculptures Scene delle armi dell'esercito italiano and Crocifisso dell'altare in the Cappella dei Caduti here in 1939 .
  • Chiesa di Sant'Antimo sopra i canali , former church in the center from the 13th century, which is integrated into the former ospedale . After the desecration in 1806, she passed her name on to the cathedral.
  • Chiesa della Misericordia , church in the town center from the early 13th century. The adjacent Franciscan convent dates from the 15th century.
  • Chiesa dell'Immacolata , neo-Gothic church from 1902. It was built from 1899 after the Franciscans were able to return after being expelled from Piombino in 1806 by Elisa Bonaparte due to a donation of land.
  • Cappella della Madonna del Desco , also called Cappella della Madonna della Neve , chapel in the town center, which was first documented in 1499.
  • Castello di Piombino , castle. Was built around 1225 as the Cassero Pisano and as the east gate of the medieval city wall ring . After the Appiani came to power, the castle was expanded in the 1440s. Since 1556 there has been talk of the Castello nuovo (new castle), which was rebuilt and expanded by Giovanni Battista Camerini for Cosimo I de 'Medici from 1548 and then got the name Fortezza Medicea. From the middle of the 19th century until 1960 the fortress was used as a prison.
  • Cittadella di Piombino , citadel in the southwestern town center, was built for Jacopo III Appiano by Andrea di Francesco Guardi from 1465 to 1470 . At the same time, the marble fountain, the Cappella della Cittadella (also known as Cappella di Sant'Anna , contains works ascribed to Andrea della Robbia ) and the Palazzo Principesco degli Appiani , which was demolished in 1959 to make way for a modern building.
  • Palazzo Comunale , palace from the 13th century. The adjoining Torre dell'Orologio was built in 1598.
  • Palazzo Appiani , the historic Appiani residence, has housed the museum and aquarium Museo del Mare e Acquario città di Piombino since 1985 .

traffic

Community partnerships

Piombino has signed a municipal partnership with the Belgian city of Flémalle in Wallonia .

sons and daughters of the town

literature

Web links

Commons : Piombino  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Statistiche demografiche ISTAT. Monthly population statistics of the Istituto Nazionale di Statistica , as of December 31 of 2019.
  2. ↑ Official website of the Sistema Informativo Ambientale della Regione Toscana (SIRA) on the waters of the city of Piombino, accessed on March 30, 2014 (ital.)
  3. ↑ Official website of the ISTAT ( Istituto Nazionale di Statistica ) on the 2001 population figures in the province of Livorno, accessed on March 31, 2014 (Italian)
  4. ↑ a b c d e Touring Club Italiano: Toscana.
  5. ↑ a b c d e f g Antonia d'Aniello: I luoghi della fede. Livorno, the Val di Cornia e l'Archipelago.
  6. ^ Official website of the Museo diocesano d'arte sacra Andrea Guardi , accessed on March 31, 2014 (ital.)
  7. ↑ Francesca Franco: Griselli, Italo (Italo Orlando). In: Dizionario Biografico degli Italiani , Volume 59 (2003), accessed on March 30, 2014 (Italian)
  8. ↑ Castello e Fortezza Medicea-Museo del Castello e della città on the website of the city of Piombino, accessed on March 30, 2014 (ital.)
  9. ↑ I luoghi della ricerca: Castello di Piombino ( Memento of the original of February 2, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. on the pages of the Portale di Archeologia Medievale, Dipartimento di Scienze Storiche e dei Beni Culturali of the University of Siena, accessed on March 30, 2014 (ital.) @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.paesaggimedievali.com
  10. ↑ Museionline.info on the Museo del Mare e Acquario città di Piombino , accessed on March 30, 2017 (Italian)
  11. ↑ www.ap.piombinoelba.it